Learning And Cognition - Exam 2 - Chapter 7

Front 1

Does the analog code or the propositional code receive more support?

Back 1

Analog

Front 2

How does the analog-propositional code debate relate to ambiguous figures?

Back 2

Research suggests when people create a mental image of an ambiguous figure they sometimes use both analog codes and proportional codes

Front 3

Analog Code

Back 3

Representation that closely resembles the physical object

Front 4

Propositional code

Back 4

an abstract, language-like representation; storage is not visual or spatial and does not physically resemble the original stimulus

Front 5

Masking effect

Back 5

When you put two vertical lines on either side of an image, people pay attention to what is in between those lines.

Front 6

Acuity

Back 6

Sharpness or keenness of thought, vision, or hearing

Front 7

What gender differences exist in verbal ability?

Back 7

similar in male/female.

Front 8

What gender differences exist in mathematical ability?

Back 8

similar in males and females

Front 9

What gender differences exist in spatial ability?

Back 9

males are quicker and better at spatial tasks

Front 10

auditory imagery

Back 10

the mental representation of sounds when they aren't physically present

Front 11

cognitive map

Back 11

mental representation of geographic information including the environment that surrounds us

Front 12

Spatial cognition refers to what 3 cognitive activities?

Back 12

1. our thoughts about cognitive maps

2. how we remember the world we navigate

3. how we keep track of objects in a spatial array

Front 13

heuristic

Back 13

a general problem-solving strategy that usually produces a correct solution, but not always.

Front 14

algorithm

Back 14

a method that will always produce a solution to the problem, but it will be difficult

Front 15

how can distance estimates in cognitive maps be influenced by the number of intervening cities?

Back 15

If there are more intervening cities, it will seem longer

Front 16

how can distance estimates in cognitive maps be influenced by category membership?

Back 16

when two places belong to the same category, we believe they are closer in distance

Front 17

how can distance estimates in cognitive maps be influenced by landmarks?

Back 17

There is a general tendency to provide shorter estimates when traveling to a landmark, rather than a non-landmark.

Front 18

how are angles regularized in cognitive maps?

Back 18

we tend to think of angles on cognitive maps closer to 90 degrees

Front 19

how are curves regularized in cognitive maps?

Back 19

we tend to think of curves on cognitive maps as more symmetrical

Front 20

how can the rotation heuristic lead us to wrong conclusions?

Back 20

we remember a slightly tilted geographical structure as being either more vertical or horizontal than they really are

Front 21

What is the spatial framework model?

Back 21

we construct images of our environment as we are reading about it

Front 22

What is the order of importance for the spatial framework model?

Back 22

most important is the above-below, then front-back, and least is right-left