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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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learning
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changes in behaviour resulting from animal’s interactions with enviro
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learning characteristics
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specific to event, adaptive, lasting, involve NS changes
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recall
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expression of responses as a result of learning
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memory
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changes to NS by which info is stored in learning
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non-associative learning
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animal exposed repeatedly to stimulus, behaviour changes
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sensitization
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repeated exposure to stimulus to increase response
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associative learning
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animal exposed to 2+ stimuli that are related, response to 1 stimulus altered by exposure to 2nd
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types of associative learning
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classical, instrumental, passive avoidance
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complex learning
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insight, reasoning, latent learning
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latent learning
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putting 2 separate experiences together is if they had been instrumentally conditioned
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habituation
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waning of response to repeated stimulus
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spontaneous recovery
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reversal of habituation following a rest period
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dishabituation
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recover response strength due to strong novel stimulus
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extinction
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disruption of learned association
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classical conditioning
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existing behaviour is elicited by new stimulus, is physiological response
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classical conditioning components
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UCS, UCR, NS (neural stimulus), NS -> CS, UCR -> CR
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instrumental learning
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learning from results of actions, animal can behave spontaneously
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operant
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behaviour experimenter wishes to alter
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shaping
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stepwise additions of instrumental learning that can lead to complex sequences
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Skinner
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operant conditioning
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passive avoidance learning
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taste aversion, only requires 1 exposure
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ecological constraints on learning
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they exist
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punishment
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behaviour decreases in response to stimulus
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reinforcement
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behaviour increases in response to stimulus
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positive outcome
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something presented
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negative outcome
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something removed
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positive reinforcement
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very effective
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positive punishment
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unsuccessful
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negative punishment
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successful if animal has a warning
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reinforcement schedules
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work harder when reinforcements are fewer and more unpredictable (continuous, FI, VI, FR, VR)
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cognition
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characteristics of certain types of brain processes that lie between sensory and execution
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indicators of emotions
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arousal, valence
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emotional arousal
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emotional intensity (HPA, HR, behavioural response)
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emotional valence
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whether emotional state is positive or negative
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cognitive bias
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cognitive processes influenced by individual's emotional state, optimistic or pessimistic
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judgement bias tasks
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measure cognitive bias, use ambiguous stimuli
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