Learning

Front 1

Classical conditioning

Back 1

form of learning in which animals come to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that had been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response

Front 2

Conditioned stimulus

Back 2

initially neural stimulus

Front 3

Unconditioned stimulus

Back 3

stimulus that elicits an automatic response

Front 4

Unconditioned response

Back 4

automatic response to a nonneutral stimulus that does not need to be learned

Front 5

Conditioned response

Back 5

a response previously associated with a nonneutral stimulus that comes to be elicited by a neutral stimulus

Front 6

Averse conditioning

Back 6

classical conditioning to an unpleasant USC

Front 7

Acquisition

Back 7

learning phase during which a conditioned response is established

Front 8

Extinction

Back 8

gradual reduction and eventual elimination of the conditioned response after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus

Front 9

Spontaneous recovery

Back 9

sudden reemergence of an extinct conditioned response after a delay in exposure to the conditioned stimulus

Front 10

Renewal effect

Back 10

sudden reemergence of a conditioned response following extinction when an animal is returned to the environment in which the conditioned response was acquired

Front 11

Phobias

Back 11

intense, irrational fears

Front 12

Stimulus generalization

Back 12

process by which conditioned stimuli similar, but not identical to, the original conditioned stimulus elicit a conditioned response

Front 13

Generalization gradient

Back 13

the more similar to the original CS the new CS is, the stronger the CR will be

Front 14

Stimulus Discrimination

Back 14

displaying a less pronounced conditioned response to conditioned stimuli that differ from the original conditioned stimulus

Front 15

Higher-order conditioning

Back 15

the process by which organisms develop classically conditioned responses to CSs associated with the original CS

Front 16

Latent inhibition

Back 16

difficulty in establishing classical conditioning to a conditioned stimulus we've repeatedly experienced alone, with out unconditioned stimulus

Front 17

Fetishism

Back 17

sexual attraction to nonliving things

Front 18

Pseudocondtioning

Back 18

an apparent conditioned response that actually turns out to be an unconditioned response to the conditioned stimulus

Front 19

Operant conditioning

Back 19

learning controlled by the consequences of the organism's behavior

Front 20

Instrumental conditioning

Back 20

organism's response serves an instrumental function

Front 21

Law of Effect

Back 21

If a response, in the presence of a stimulus, is followed by a satisfying state of affairs, the bond between stimulus and response will be strengthened

Front 22

Insight

Back 22

grasping the nature of a problem

Front 23

Skinner box

Back 23

electronically records an animals response and prints out a graph of activity

Front 24

Reinforcement

Back 24

any outcomes that strengthens the probablity of a response

Front 25

Positive reinforcement

Back 25

administer something pleasant

Front 26

Negative reinforcement

Back 26

we take away something unpleasant

Front 27

Punishment

Back 27

any outcome that weakens the probability of a response

Front 28

Extinction burst

Back 28

shortly after withdrawing reinforcement the undesired behavior initially increases in intesity