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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
atoms
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the smallest unit that has proporties of a given element - protons, electrons neutrons. protons & neutrons in neclous, electrons float around with electron shells.
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element
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a fundamental form of matter that has mass and takes up space
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compounds
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a molecule that consists of 2 or more elements.
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isotopes
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atoms with same atomic number but different masses - same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
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Raidoisotopes
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unstable, radiation-emitting isotopes - thyroid, iodine used to generate images of gland
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Protons
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positive charge - atomic number
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electrons
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negitive in charge
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neutrons
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neutral in charge - atomic mass minus the atomic number
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atomic mass
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protons (atomic #) + neutrons
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half-life
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the ammount of time required for decay of 1/2 the ammount of raidoisotope's
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ionic bonding
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atoms can aquire either a net positive or net negitive charge through electron transfer to apease the octet rule
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Covelent bonding
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two or more atoms share electrons in the outer shell
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polar covelent bondes aka hyddrogen bonding
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the attraction between a slightly positivly charged hydrogen atom and a slightly negitivlt charged atom. Ex) H2O
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hydrophilic
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water loving - polar (NaCl)
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hydrophobic
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water hating - non polar (lipids)
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the pH scale
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less then seven - acidic-donate H ion
7 - netural more then seven - basic-accepts H ion |
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buffers
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buffers act as weak acids or bases to balance pH by either accepting or releasing H ions
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monosaccharides
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simple sugars, glucose (body), sucros (fruit), galactose (milk)
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disaccharides
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two mono. bonded together through a dehydration rxn
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lactose intolarance
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lactose - glucose+galactose
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saturated lipid
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saturated fatty acids - single covelent bond
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unsaturayed lipids
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fatty acids with one or more double bondes between carbon atoms
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triglycerides
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3 fatty acids + Glycerol (fats and oils)
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phospholipids
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consists of a glycerol backbone, 2 FA tails, and a hydrophilic head with a phosphate group (compose cell membraines)
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triglycerides
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3 fatty acids + Glycerol (fats and oils)
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phospholipids
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consists of a glycerol backbone, 2 FA tails, and a hydrophilic head with a phosphate group (compose cell membraines)
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Proteins
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a polymer made of one or more chains of ameino acids normally 20 in humans. polar head, non polar tail. Functions include structure, transportation, protection, enzymes and hormones
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enzymes
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substances that speed up chemical reactions with out being consumed in the process
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steroids
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a type of lipid made up of four carbon rings that attach to various molecules. chelesterol is a steroid and is a component in the plasma membrain.
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Nucleotides
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composed of a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base. Building blocks for Neucleic Acids, ATP and cAMP
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ATP
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3 high high energie phosphate bondes that serve as energie store sites.a necliotide that releasees energie. A phosphate group is lost, energie that was used to store said phosphate is released. Cells trap that energie and use it to perform work.
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Difusion
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movement of molecules in a liquid. occures along a composition graident
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Osmosis
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the net difusion of H2O across a semi permialbe membrain
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