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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
atoms
the smallest unit that has proporties of a given element - protons, electrons neutrons. protons & neutrons in neclous, electrons float around with electron shells.
element
a fundamental form of matter that has mass and takes up space
compounds
a molecule that consists of 2 or more elements.
isotopes
atoms with same atomic number but different masses - same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Raidoisotopes
unstable, radiation-emitting isotopes - thyroid, iodine used to generate images of gland
Protons
positive charge - atomic number
electrons
negitive in charge
neutrons
neutral in charge - atomic mass minus the atomic number
atomic mass
protons (atomic #) + neutrons
half-life
the ammount of time required for decay of 1/2 the ammount of raidoisotope's
ionic bonding
atoms can aquire either a net positive or net negitive charge through electron transfer to apease the octet rule
Covelent bonding
two or more atoms share electrons in the outer shell
polar covelent bondes aka hyddrogen bonding
the attraction between a slightly positivly charged hydrogen atom and a slightly negitivlt charged atom. Ex) H2O
hydrophilic
water loving - polar (NaCl)
hydrophobic
water hating - non polar (lipids)
the pH scale
less then seven - acidic-donate H ion
7 - netural
more then seven - basic-accepts H ion
buffers
buffers act as weak acids or bases to balance pH by either accepting or releasing H ions
monosaccharides
simple sugars, glucose (body), sucros (fruit), galactose (milk)
disaccharides
two mono. bonded together through a dehydration rxn
lactose intolarance
lactose - glucose+galactose
saturated lipid
saturated fatty acids - single covelent bond
unsaturayed lipids
fatty acids with one or more double bondes between carbon atoms
triglycerides
3 fatty acids + Glycerol (fats and oils)
phospholipids
consists of a glycerol backbone, 2 FA tails, and a hydrophilic head with a phosphate group (compose cell membraines)
triglycerides
3 fatty acids + Glycerol (fats and oils)
phospholipids
consists of a glycerol backbone, 2 FA tails, and a hydrophilic head with a phosphate group (compose cell membraines)
Proteins
a polymer made of one or more chains of ameino acids normally 20 in humans. polar head, non polar tail. Functions include structure, transportation, protection, enzymes and hormones
enzymes
substances that speed up chemical reactions with out being consumed in the process
steroids
a type of lipid made up of four carbon rings that attach to various molecules. chelesterol is a steroid and is a component in the plasma membrain.
Nucleotides
composed of a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar and a nitrogenous base. Building blocks for Neucleic Acids, ATP and cAMP
ATP
3 high high energie phosphate bondes that serve as energie store sites.a necliotide that releasees energie. A phosphate group is lost, energie that was used to store said phosphate is released. Cells trap that energie and use it to perform work.
Difusion
movement of molecules in a liquid. occures along a composition graident
Osmosis
the net difusion of H2O across a semi permialbe membrain