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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
What is the leaf composed of?
- Parenchyma, internal mesophyll and vascular tissue

Name the tissue that:


- stores food


- allows gas exchange


- has a xylem and phloem

State the main visual properties of the leaf .
- thin,

- flat


- low dry matter content


- large surface area: volume ratio



4 points
State the main functions of a leaf
- photosynthesis

- Gas exchange


- evapotranspiration

Looking for 3 main processes which a leaf carries out
State the structure of the upper epidermis
- Single layer of cells

- No chloroplasts


- has narrow air spaces


- few stomata (if present)

4 main points
State the function of the upper epidermis
- increases the light amount so it reaches to palisade cells.

- holds the contents intact


- strengthens/ supports upper leaf

Whats the point of having a thin layer of cells? How can the leaf withstand strong winds?
Leaves have a thin, shiny, waxy layer of what? Do all leaves have this coating? If not, what do they have instead?
- Waxy layer of cutin i.e. cuticle

- Some leaves have hairs.

What is the function of the cuticle or cutin?
- reduces water loss

- prevents pathogen infection


- reflects harmful UV rays


- prevents overheating


- allows little transpiration

Stops the entry of what? Reduces the loss what? Reflects what? Prevents what? Allows what?
State the structure of palisade mesophyll cells?
- single layer

- Column shaped (shade lvs) or >1 layer in (non shade)


- packed with chloroplasts (4-5x more in shade leaves)

State any variations in shade or non shade leaves.
What is the function of the palisade mesophyll cells?
Photosynthesis
the reason why leaves exist
State the structure of the spongy mesophyll cells
- loose cells

- variable number of layers


- with air spaces


- contain fewer chloroplasts


- less photosynthesis

Remember how it compares to palisade cells? Will it photosynthesis more or less?
the reason why cells have a thin cellulose cell wall is because...
- to allow gas exchange (fast diffusion in air spaces) b/w cells for respn and phsyn

- H2O diffusion via evaporation from cells --> air spaces for transpiration from stomata


- helps maintain cells turgidty


--> keeps leaf turgid and upright

State the structure of the lower epidermis.
- single layer of cells- very thin cuticle - perforated with pores (stomata)- stomata are controlled by guard cells.
What is the function of the stomata and guard cells?
- allows gas exchange (O2 in and CO2 out) respiration vice versa for photosynthesis

- H2O vapour out by evapotranspiration (cooling)

Name the 2 types of vascular tissue in the leaf.
- Midrib and veins


State the function of the midrib and veins
- support leaf & maintain shape with strengthening tissue aid


State the function of veins in a leaf

- veins transprt H2O + mineral ions to leaf from roots/ stem by the xylem


- veins transport C compounds (sugars) from photosynthesis to other parts of the plant (stem + roots)