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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What structure separates the anterior compartment from the posterior compartment of the thigh?
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The lateral Intermuscular septa
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What structure separates the anterior compartment from the medial compartment of the thigh?
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The medial intermuscular septa
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Which muscles in the anterior compartment are innervated by the femoral nerve?
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Muscles in the anterior compartment include:#Quadratus Femoris - Femoral#Sartorius - Femoral#Pectinius - Femoral#Tensor Fascia Lata - Sup. Glut. Nerve L4,L5,S1,S2
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Describe the capsular arrangement of the ACL
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extrasynovial and intracapsular
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What are the attachments of the ACL
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distal attachment is anteriorly to the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and proximally to the medial side of the lateral condyle posteriorly
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Does the ACL resist posterior or anterior displacement?
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anterior displacement. It also prevents hyperextension.
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Does the ACL cross on the medial or lateral side of the PCL?
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the lateral side
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What bony landmarks surround gluteus medius?
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the posterior and anterior gluteal lines.
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Which muscle lies between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines?
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gluteus medius
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Which vein does the great saphenous vein drain into?
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The femoral vein… not the deep femoral vein.
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Which nerve runs with the great saphenous vein?
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The anterior portion of the medial femoral cutaneous nerve
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List the arteries that are at risk in a hip fracture.
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The medial and lateral circumflex arteries. (aka retinacular arteries)
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What is the longest branch of the femoral nerve?
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the saphenous nerve
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What supplies the ligament to the head of femur?
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the foveola artery; supplied from the posterior branch of the obturator artery.
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What are the attachment sites of piriformis?
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O: pelvic surface of sacrum #I: Posterosuperior angle (tip) of the greater trochanter of Femur
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What is the medial (proximal) attachment of the gemelli?
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Ischium
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What is the lateral (distal) attachment of the gemelli?
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Femur
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The tendon of which muscle helps to form a ligament of the knee?
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Semimembranosus
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What are the branches of the femoral artery in the thigh?
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Inferior epigastric#superficial circumflex iliac artery#superficial and deep external pudendal#lateral and medial transverse arteries# deep femoral# descending genicular
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Where does the hip capsule insert on the femur?
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On the intertrochanteric line.
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What attaches at the intertrochanteric line of femur?
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pubofemoral ligament# iliofemoral ligament# vastus medialis and lateralis# hip capsule#NOT pectineus (pectineal line) NOR rectus femoris
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Does the deep femoral artery travel in the adductor canal?
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No. The femoral artery travels there and terminates at the Adductor Hiatus.
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Is the 4th branch of the deep femoral artery the terminating artery?
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Yes.
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What are the cardinal planes in anatomy?
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Sagittal; Transverse, and Frontal.
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Is the hip more stable in flexion or extension?
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In extension. Forces up the femur, when in flexion, make it easier to pop the head of femur out of the acetabulum.
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What blood supplies supply the hip?
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Many. There is no one supply due to the anastomosis.# Obturator artery #medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries #Inferior and superior gluteal arteries.
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What forms the cruciate anastomosis?
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Inferior gluteal#1st perforating branch of the deep femoral# Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.
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What are the borders of the femoral triangle?
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Medial: lateral edge of adductor longus#Lateral: medial border of sartorius#Base: inguinal ligament#Roof: Fascia Lata#Floor: iliacus, psoas major, pectineus, adductor brevis
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What are the borders of the femoral canal?
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Anterolateral wall: vastus medialis#Posterior wall: adductor longus, superiorly and adductor magnus, inferiorly#Roof: sartorius
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What innervates the posterior compartment?
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Tibial nerve
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What nerve supplies the skin on the lateral side of the thigh?
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Lateral femoral cutaneous???
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What nerve supplies the extensors of the hip muscles?
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Tibial nerve
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What nerve supplies gluteus maximus?
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Inferior gluteal
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What nerve supplies gluteus minimus and medius?
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Superior gluteal
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What nerve supplies the hamstrings?
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Tibial nerve
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What nerve supplies the quadriceps?
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Tibial Nerve
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Which nerve innervates the triceps surae?
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Tibial nerve
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What is the action of triceps surae?
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plantarflexion
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The spiral line is a continuation of the____________.
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intertrochanteric line
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What is the origin of Tensor Fascia Latae?
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ASIS
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What nerve supplies adductor magnus?
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Adductor portion is obturator nerve.#Hamstring Portion is tibial nerve
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What muscle is innervated by the posterior branch of the obturator nerve?
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Adductor magnus.
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Which muscles crosses two joints and flexes the hip and extends the leg?
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rectus femoris
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What are the branches of the internal iliac artery?
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Anterior Trunk# - Obturator artery# - Inferior Gluteal artery# - Internal Pudendal artery#Posterior Trunk# - Superior Gluteal artery ## - Iliolumbar artery# - lateral sacral
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What are the branches of the external iliac artery?
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inferior epigastric#deep circumflex iliac
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What nerve supplies cutaneous innervation to the butt?
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cluneal nerves
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the superior cluneal nerve?
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Dorsal ramii of L123
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the middle cluneal nerve?
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Dorsal ramii of S123
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the inferior cluneal nerve?
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Post femoral cutaneous - Ventral Ramii of s123
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What is the nerve supply to the common peroneal nerve?
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L4-S2
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How does the sacral spinous ligament relate to the sacral tuberous ligament?
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the sacral spinous ligament runs deep to the sacral tuberous ligament.
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Which ligament crosses the anterior tibial artery (NV bundle) at the ankle?
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EHL - #Extensor hallucis longus
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Which ligament crosses the anterior tibial artery (NV bundle) in the foot?
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EHB - #Extensor hallucis brevis
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Which two tendons cross each other at the ankle in the deep osteofascial compartment?
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Tibialis Posterior passes under FDL - Flexor digitorum longus
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Which two tendons cross each other in the plantar foot?
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FHL and FDL #Flexor hallucis longus and #Flexor digitorum longus
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Which ligament crosses the posterior tibial artery?
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FDL#Flexor digitorum longus
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What are the muscles that originate from the peroneal sheath?
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OFI#Oblique head of Adductor Hallucis#Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis FDMB#Interossei (plantar and dorsal)
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Which muscles originate from the tuberosity of calcaneus?
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AbFAb or AbhFdbAbdm#Abductor Hallucis#Flexor Digitorum Brevis#Abductor Digiti Minimi#NOT Quadrutus plantae
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What inserts into the middle row of phalanges?
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Flexor digitorum brevis and Extensors digitorum longus and brevis.
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Which structures attach to the tibia?
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The medial collateral ligament does not.#Pes Anserinus muscles (SGS) IT Tract, Quadriceps tendon, Semimembranosus, popliteus, tibialis anterior and posterior, soleus, FDL
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Which structures attach to the head of fibula?
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Biceps femoris, peroneus longus, brevis, tertius, EHL, Tibialis Posterior, FHL
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Which surface of the medial cuneiform presents a groove?
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Medial surface. Groove is for tendon of tibialis anterior
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Where is the popliteal vein in relationship to the artery at the adductor hiatus
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The vein is lateral
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Where is the popliteal vein in relationship to the artery at the center of the fossa?
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The vein is posterior
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Where is the popliteal vein in relationship to the artery at the soleal line?
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The vein is medial
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What are the branches of the dorsalis pedis artery?
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Lateral tarsal#Medial tarsal#arcuate#deep plantar perforating#1st dorsal metatarsal#Note: perforating arteries (not the deep) is not a branch of the dp.
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What is the progression of lymphatic disease?
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Cellulitis#Lymphangitis#Lymphandopathy#Sepsis#Death
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What mechanisms are involved in deep venous return?
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pulsation of arteries#muscles - milking action#valves
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What mechanisms are involved in superficial venous return?
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vasoconstriction#muscles - milking action#valves
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If you had a clot in dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint, would you expect increased pressure in the arcuate artery?
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No.
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If you had a clot in dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint, would you expect decreased pressure in the anterior tibial artery?
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No.
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If you had a clot in dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint, would you expect decreased flow in the lateral tarsal artery?
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Yes. The lateral anastamoses will supply compensatory flow to that region.
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If you had a clot in dorsalis pedis at the ankle joint, would you expect no blood flow to the lateral tarsal artery?
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No
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What symptoms would a patient demonstrate with a nerve compression at L5?
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lack of cutaneous sensation on the dorsum of foot.#weakness in extensor muscles, especially EDL EHL. NOTE: Tibialis Anterior is supplied by L4
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What would you expect to happen if a surgeon accidentally cut the medial plantar nerve?
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Aside from a lawsuit, the patient will experience loss of function to:#Lumbricals (1st)#Abductor Hallucis#FHB#FDB#cutaneous sensation to the 2nd, 3rd, and 1/2 of 4th toes.
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Which bone in the foot lacks any muscle attachments?
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Talus
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Which muscle inserts into the intermediate cuneiform?
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Tibialis Posterior
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Which bone in the thigh and leg does not articulate with the tibia?
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the patella.
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Do the tibia or fibula articulate with calcaneus?
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No! Neither!
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Which bones articulate with calcaneus
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Talus (2x)#Navicula#Cuboid
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Define cellulitis
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Inflammation of subcutaneous, loose connective tissue (formerly called cellular tissue).
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Define lymphangitis
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Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.
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Define lymphadenitis
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Inflammation of a lymph node or lymph nodes.
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Define sepsis
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The presence of various pus-forming and other pathogenic organisms, or their toxins, in the blood or tissues; septicemia is a common type of sepsis.
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the superior cluneal nerve?
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Dorsal ramii of L123
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the middle cluneal nerve?
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Dorsal ramii of S123
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the inferior cluneal nerve?
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Post femoral cutaneous - Ventral Ramii of s123
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Which osseous structures give rise to dorsal ramii nerves?
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Ilium and vertebral column
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Which osseous structures give rise to ventral ramii nerves?
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Ischium and pubis
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the lumbar sacral plexus?
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L4,5 and S1
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the femoral nerve?
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Dorsal division of L2, 3, and 4
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Which spinal nerves give rise to the obturator nerve?
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Ventral division of L2, 3, and 4
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Which direction does the ventral division of the obturator nerve travel?
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medially
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Which planes does the hip move in?
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All three cardinal planes. Sagittal, Frontal, and Transverse
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