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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of thin skin?
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SHEA butter goes on the thin skin
Sebaceous glands Hair Eccrine Apocrine sweat glands |
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What are the characteristics of THick skin?
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Just Eccrine sweat glands
Sweaty palms and feet |
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What is epithelium Cellular type?
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SSK
Simple Stratified Karatinized |
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Epidermis is to Epithelium as Dermis is to
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Connective Tissue
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CHaracteristics of Epidermis
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Avascular
No Lymphatic capillaries Where does the vasculature and lymphatics begin? |
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Dermis characteristics
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Vascular
Lymphatics Cells with abundant ECM |
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What is ECM
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ECM= fibers + "ground substance"
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What are ECM pimary fiber types, What is ground substance?
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Collagen and Elastic fibers
Proteoglycans, adhesive glycoproteins |
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What are proteoglycans?
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Core protein with surrounding GAGs
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What are GAGs
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Repeating disaccharide units (most are sulfated)
Hyaluronic acid is nOt sulfated |
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What in Ground substance has the negative charge?
What is the result of the charge? |
Proteoglycans over-all, but the hi negative charge is b/c of the sulfated Gags.
Attract Na+ and H2O follows to create a hydration shell |
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Proteoglycans form aggreagates by securing to what structure? How do they bond?
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Proteoglycans non-covalently boind to Hyaluronic Acid- become large "biological sponges'
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Where is Versican? Where is Aggrecan?
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Versican is in General Connective Tissues
Aggrecan is in Cartilage (going to be on exam) |
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What is the role of Myofibroblasts in wound healing?
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responsible for wound contraction
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What is the collagen deposition pattern in wound healing?
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Type III collagen, then type I
Type I is scar tissue |
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What is a multinucleated Giant Cell?
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Macrophages fuse to wall of a foreign body or agent (bacteria)
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What is the difference in T and B cells
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T lymphocytes- Cell mediated Response
B Lymphoscytes- Humoral Immune responses. Require Effector Plasma Cell secretion of antibodies |
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Two types of Fat
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Unilocular for E storage
Multilocular (BAT) for thermogenesis |
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What is the suggested characteristic order to consider when classifying general connective tissues?
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# of cells (lots/little)
Fibers (Arrangement/ Type) Spaces between (loose/dense) |
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What is indicative of Dense Irregular CT?
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Collagen bundles in all different directions, Large course bundles
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What feature is characteristic of Dense Regular CT?
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Box car nuclei (looks like antelope canyon in SEM)
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What are the two layers of Dermis?
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Papillary layer and Reticular layer
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What are the charachteristics of the papillary layer?
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Has fingerlike projections up into the epidermis. Lots of different cell types and shapes, This is LOOSE CT, where all the transport is occuring to feed the epithelium
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What are the characteristics of the Reticular layer?
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DENSE IRREGULAR Lattice like network, packed with course thick dense collagen bundles
Has larger blood vessels that can't be squished |
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Remember:
Epidermis: SSK Dermis: LCT (papillary) & DiRCT (reticular) Where else can DiRCT be found? What about DRCT? |
DiRCT- Joint capsules, Perichondrium, Periosteum
DRCT- Tendons (handle all force in 1 direction, hence dense regular) Type I collagen w/ versican in both. |
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What are the three Cs and E that don't have lymphatics?
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Cartilage, Cornea, CNS, Epidermis
(fluid drains out of these areas to those that have lymphatic capillaries |
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What are the three types of cartilage?
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Hyaline
Elastic (confined to the head, neck, respiratory tract, and ear) Fibrocartilage |
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What is the importance of Hyaline cartilage in the embryo and immature skeleton?
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They make templates for long bones and epiphyseal plates.
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What is the importance of Hyaline cartilage in the Adult?
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Articular cartilage of the synovial Joints
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What are the two functions of the perichondrium?
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Nutrient supply to cartilage
Chondrogenic stem cells |
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Describe the evolution of Stem Cells to Hyaline Cartilage
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Mesenchyme -
Chondrogenic cells + SOX9= Chondroblasts + surrounding matrix (lacunae)= Chondrocytes+ appositional growht= hyaline cartilage |
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What is the most common type of growth in mature cartilages?
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Appositional
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Isogenous groups represent what?
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Inidcative of early cartilage formation & epiphyseal plates
Interstitial growth (from within) |
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What is the collagen/PG in Cartilage? What is the collagen/PG in bone and perichondrium?
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Cartilage: TypeII/ Agrican
Perichondrium and bone: Type I/Veriscan |
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What is the ECM of cartilage?
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The same as Dermis
Fibers and ground substance |
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What types of skeletal problems might an embryo or child have if the hyaline cartilage ECM is defective?
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Problems with formation of long bones and elongation of the long bones during growth.
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What is achondroplasia? Why does it happen?
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Short long bones with thickened diaphyseal walls,
can develop nice bones bu they don't elongate properly. |
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Why is the skull of an individual with achondroplasia shaped the way it is?
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Jaw and mandible form from endochondral ossification, skull doesn't need a cartilaginous model.
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How can you differentiate Articular cartilage with epiphyseal plate cartilage?
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Look for perichondrium, also, epiphyseal plate cartilage will have a strip of clustered isogenous groups thickened in the middle. Articular cartilage will have trails of isogenous groups headed toward the surface of the cartilage.
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Where does articular cartilage receive nutrition?
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from synovial fluid on the joint side, from BV in bone and perichondrium on bone side
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Where is fibrocartilage?
What type of joint? |
IVD
Symphysis type joints Labrum of Acetabulum Menisci, Articular disks. Can be deposited in fracture repair. |
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What is the major difference between hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage?
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Fibrocartilage is type I Cartilage,
It is a hybrid of DCT and hyaline cartilage There won't be any perichondrium |
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What can be seen in both fribro/hyaline cartilage?
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Chondrocytes
Lacunae Isogenous groups |
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What collagen and PG is in hyaline vs fibrocartilage? What structures have the same collagen as fibrocartilage?
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Hyaline: Type II and agrican PG
Fibro; Type I and Versican, bone, perichondrium |
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In a stained image of fibrocartilage, where will agrican be found
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directly surrounding the lacunae of the chondrocytes (stains darker, but disappears as changes to Versican and Type I
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What places would fibrocartilage be found in the Lower extremity?
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Labrum of the acetabulum
Meniscis, Articular disks |
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Cell type?
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Tissue Type?
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DiRCT
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Tissue Type
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DiRCT
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Tissue Type?
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DRCT
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Tissue Type
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DRCT
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Identify the Layers
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Don't forget epidermis
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Tissue Type?
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Loose Connective Tissue
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Cell type?
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Cell type?
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Cell type?
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Cell type Top? Bottom?
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Skin types? Contents?
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Where are dermis and epidermis divided? What is the layer of dermis?
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Yellow line,
Papillary layer |
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Cell type?
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Chondrocytes in Lacunae
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Cell type?
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Chondrocytes in lacunae
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What on earth is this?
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What tissue type is this?
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Hyaline cartilage of new bone growth or epiphyseal plate
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What are these four different types of cartilage? Can you name their Collagen type and PG?
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All are type II and agrecan except Fibrocartilage which has type I and versican.
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