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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal Thrust
definition |
A technique used to force air out of the lungs, expelling obstructions from a victims airway.
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Abrasion
definition |
An open wound characterized by a scraping away of only the outer portion of the skin.
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Airborne Pathogen
definition |
A pathogen that is spread by tiny droplets sprayed during breathing, coughing, or sneezing.
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Airway
definition |
The passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs.
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Amputation
definition |
An open wound characterized by a surgical or traumatic removal of a body extremity.
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Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
definition |
A severe life-threatening allergic reaction caused by exposure to certain allergens.
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Automated external defibrillator
(AED) definition |
An external defibrillator capable of cardiac rhythm analysis which can deliver a electric shock to a cardiac arrest victim.
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Avulsion
definition |
An open wound characterized by a part or structure of the body being forcibly torn or cut away.
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Bacteria
definition |
Microscopic organisms that can live in water, soil, or organic material, or within the bodies of plants, animals, and humans.
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Bandage
definition |
Any material used to hold a dressing in place.
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Biological Death
definition |
The point when breathing and circulation stop, brain cells die due to lack of oxygen, and vital organs begin to deteriorate.
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Blood Borne Pathogens
definition |
A pathogen that is spread when the blood or other body fluids (e.g., semen, phlegm, mucus membranes, etc.) of one person come into contact with an open wound or sore of another.
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Bone
definition |
Hard yet flexible tissue that provides support for the body as well as protection for vital organs.
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Brachial Artery
definition |
Artery located on the inside of the upper arm, between the biceps and triceps.
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Capillary Refill
definition |
The filling of blood vessels that connect small veins with small arteries.
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Cardiac Arrest
definition |
A state when a victim is unresponsive, not breathing, and has no carotid pulse to indicate circulation.
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(CPR) definition |
A method of artificially restoring and maintaining a victim's breathing and circulation.
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Carotid Artery
definition |
Large artery found on each side of the neck which carries blood to the head.
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Carotid Pulse
definition |
The most reliable indication that the victim's heart is functioning and to determine the severity of the victim's condition during the ABC assessment process; felt on either side of the neck.
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Cartilage
definition |
Connective tissue that covers the outside of the end of bones; helps for certain flexible structures of the body and allows for smooth movement of bones at joints.
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Chemical Burn
definition |
Burn caused by acids or alkalis coming into contact with the skin.
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Chest Thrust
definition |
A maneuver used to force obstructions from a victim's airway; used instead of abdominal thrusts when the victim has abdominal injuries, is in late stages of pregnancy, is too obese for abdominal thrusts to be effective, or is an infant.
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Clinical Death
definition |
The moment breathing and circulation stop, reversible condition if the basic life support is begun immediately.
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Closed Fracture
definition |
Broken bone where there is no break in the skin at the site of the fracture.
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Convulsion
definition |
Violent uncontrolled muscle contractions.
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Coronary Artery Disease
(CAD) definition |
A disease caused when fatty deposits build up in the walls of the arteries that feed the heart muscle (often referred to as coronary heart disease).
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Dermis
definition |
Second layer of the skin containing nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
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Diabetes
definition |
A condition brought on when the body does not produce a sufficient amount of insulin.
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Diabetic Coma
definition |
Overly high levels of glucose in the bloodstream (i.e., hyperglycemia).
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Dislocation
definition |
When a bone is pushed/pulled out of alignment from a joint.
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Dressing
definition |
Any material applied to a wound to control bleeding and prevent contamination.
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Electrical Burn
definition |
Burn that occurs when the body becomes a conduit for electrical current.
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Emergency Medical Services
(EMS) definition |
First aid and medical services, rescue procedures and transportation, or other related activities necessary to ensure the health or safety of a person in imminent peril.
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Emergency Rescue Personnel
definition |
Any person who is a peace officer, employee or member of a fire department, fire protection, or firefighting agency of the federal, state, city, or county government.
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Epidermis
definition |
Outer-most layer of the skin.
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Epilepsy
definition |
A medical condition characterized by seizures that recur without apparent reason.
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Epinephrine
definition |
A hormone produced by the body; when administered as a medication, it will constrict blood vessels and dilate the bronchioles helping to open a victim's airway.
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Fainting
definition |
A form of shock characterized by sudden unconsciousness.
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Finger Sweep
defintion |
Opening the victims mouth by grasping both the tongue and lower jaw in hand then inserting the index finger along the victims cheek then the throat to hook the object.
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First-degree Burn
definition |
Damage only to the epidermis, also know as a superficial burn.
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Flail Chest
definition |
A condition where the ribs and/or sternum is fractured and a segment of the chest wall does not move.
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Focused Survey
definition |
A systematic examination of a victim to determine whether serious conditions exist; included gathering information, conducting head-to-toe check for injuries, and checking vital signs.
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Flail Chest
definition |
A condition where the ribs and/or sternum is fractured and a segment of the chest wall does not move.
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Focused Survey
definition |
A systematic examination of a victim to determine whether serious conditions exist; included gathering information, conducting head-to-toe check for injuries, and checking vital signs.
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Fourth-Degree Burn
definition |
Damage to epidermis, dermis, fatty layer, muscle, bone, and underlying organs, also known as a full thickness burn.
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Fracture
definition |
Complete or partial break of a bone.
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Frostbite
definition |
Freezing of tissue below the skin surface.
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Frostnip
definition |
Superficial freezing of outer layer of skin.
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Gastric Distention
definition |
When air is forced into the victim's stomach as well as lungs, causing the stomach to become distended; can happen during rescue breathing maneuver.
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Glucose
definition |
The basic source of energy within the human cell.
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Head-Tilt/Chin-Lift
definition |
Technique used to open a victim's airway when there are no indications of head, neck, or spinal injury.
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Heart Attack
definition |
When the heart muscle goes into distress due to lack of oxygenated blood. If the heart is sufficiently damaged, cardiac arrest will result. The greatest risk of death from heart attack is within 2 hours after the onset of symptoms.
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Heat Cramps
definition |
A condition caused when the body loses too much salt due to prolonged perspiration.
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Heat Exhaustion
definition |
A form of shock that can occur when the body becomes dehydrated; more serious than heat cramps.
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Heat Stroke
definition |
A life-threatening condition which occurs when the body's internal temperature rises abnormally high.
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Hyperventilation
definition |
Abnormally rapid breathing.
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Hypothermia
definition |
When the body's internal temperature drops to the point where body systems are affected.
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Implied Consent
definition |
The legal position that assumes that an unconscious, confused, or seriously ill victim would consent to receiving emergency medical services if that person were able to do so.
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Incision
definition |
An open wound characterized by a smooth, straight cut caused by a sharp object.
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Initial Survey
definition |
A rapid systemic process for detecting life-threatening medical conditions; includes assessment for responsiveness, airway, breathing, circulation, control of major bleeding, and treatment.
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Insulin
definition |
A hormone produced by the pancreas that must be present in the body in order for glucose to pass from the bloodstream into the body's cell.
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Insulin Shock
definition |
Overly low levels of glucose in the bloodstream; hypoglycemia.
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Jaw-Thrust
definition |
Technique used to open a victim's airway when there are indications of head, neck, or spinal injury.
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Joint
definition |
Location where bones fit together; allows for body movement.
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Heat Stroke
definition |
A life-threatening condition which occurs when the body's internal temperature rises abnormally high.
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Hyperventilation
definition |
Abnormally rapid breathing.
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Hypothermia
definition |
When the body's internal temperature drops to the point where body systems are affected.
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Implied Consent
definition |
The legal position that assumes that an unconscious, confused, or seriously ill victim would consent to receiving emergency medical services if that person were able to do so.
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Incision
definition |
An open wound characterized by a smooth, straight cut caused by a sharp object.
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Initial Survey
definition |
A rapid systemic process for detecting life-threatening medical conditions; includes assessment for responsiveness, airway, breathing, circulation, control of major bleeding, and treatment.
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Insulin
definition |
A hormone produced by the pancreas that must be present in the body in order for glucose to pass from the bloodstream into the body's cell.
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Insulin Shock
definition |
Overly low levels of glucose in the bloodstream; hypoglycemia.
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Jaw-Thrust
definition |
Technique used to open a victim's airway when there are indications of head, neck, or spinal injury.
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Joint
definition |
Location where bones fit together; allows for body movement.
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Laceration
definition |
An open wound characterized by a jagged-edged wound caused by objects tearing or ripping the skin.
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Ligament
definition |
Connective tissue that attaches to the end of bones and supports joints; allows for a stable range of motion.
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Mild Airway Obstruction
definition |
When the victim indicates an airway problem (i.e., choking) but is able to speak or cough.
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Occlusive Dressing
definition |
A nonporous dressing used to cover a wound and create an air-tight seal.
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Open Fracture
definition |
Broken bone where there is a break in the skin at the site of the fracture.
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Open Wound
definition |
Any injury where the skin has been broken, exposing the tissue underneath.
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Paradoxical Breathing
definition |
When both sides of the chest do not move in a synchronized manner.
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Pathogens
definition |
Agents that are spread through the air or by contact with another person's blood or body fluids that cause an infection and disease.
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Penetrating Puncture
definition |
Open wound with only an entrance wound; can be shallow or deep.
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Perforating Puncture
definition |
Open wound with an entrance wound and an exit wound.
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Laceration
definition |
An open wound characterized by a jagged-edged wound caused by objects tearing or ripping the skin.
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Ligament
definition |
Connective tissue that attaches to the end of bones and supports joints; allows for a stable range of motion.
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Mild Airway Obstruction
definition |
When the victim indicates an airway problem (i.e., choking) but is able to speak or cough.
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Occlusive Dressing
definition |
A nonporous dressing used to cover a wound and create an air-tight seal.
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Open Fracture
definition |
Broken bone where there is a break in the skin at the site of the fracture.
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Open Wound
definition |
Any injury where the skin has been broken, exposing the tissue underneath.
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Paradoxical Breathing
definition |
When both sides of the chest do not move in a synchronized manner.
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Pathogens
definition |
Agents that are spread through the air or by contact with another person's blood or body fluids that cause an infection and disease.
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Penetrating Puncture
definition |
Open wound with only an entrance wound; can be shallow or deep.
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Perforating Puncture
definition |
Open wound with an entrance wound and an exit wound.
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Laceration
definition |
An open wound characterized by a jagged-edged wound caused by objects tearing or ripping the skin.
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Ligament
definition |
Connective tissue that attaches to the end of bones and supports joints; allows for a stable range of motion.
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Mild Airway Obstruction
definition |
When the victim indicates an airway problem (i.e., choking) but is able to speak or cough.
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Occlusive Dressing
definition |
A nonporous dressing used to cover a wound and create an air-tight seal.
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Open Fracture
definition |
Broken bone where there is a break in the skin at the site of the fracture.
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Open Wound
definition |
Any injury where the skin has been broken, exposing the tissue underneath.
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Paradoxical Breathing
definition |
When both sides of the chest do not move in a synchronized manner.
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Pathogens
definition |
Agents that are spread through the air or by contact with another person's blood or body fluids that cause an infection and disease.
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Penetrating Puncture
definition |
Open wound with only an entrance wound; can be shallow or deep.
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Perforating Puncture
definition |
Open wound with an entrance wound and an exit wound.
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Perfusion
definition |
The continued flow of blood through the capillaries supplying the tissues and organs of the body with oxygen and removing waste products.
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Poison
definition |
Any substance introduced to the body that causes damage.
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Prone
definition |
Face down.
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Pulse
definition |
A pulse, measured in beats per minute, is an indication of the rate of blood flow through the body.
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Puncture
definition |
An open wound characterized by a deep wound through the skin and other tissue.
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Radiation Burns
definition |
Illness and symptoms resulting from excessive exposure to radiation, whether that exposure is accidental or intentional (as in radiation therapy).
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Recovery Position
definition |
On the victim's side with the head supported by the lower forearm.
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Rescue Breathing
definition |
The process of using one's own breaths to artificially breathe for a victim.
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Respiration Rate
definition |
The number of breathing cycles (inhaling and exhaling) per minute.
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Respiratory Arrest
definition |
Complete cessation of breathing.
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Perfusion
definition |
The continued flow of blood through the capillaries supplying the tissues and organs of the body with oxygen and removing waste products.
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Poison
definition |
Any substance introduced to the body that causes damage.
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Prone
definition |
Face down.
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Pulse
definition |
A pulse, measured in beats per minute, is an indication of the rate of blood flow through the body.
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Puncture
definition |
An open wound characterized by a deep wound through the skin and other tissue.
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Radiation Burns
definition |
Illness and symptoms resulting from excessive exposure to radiation, whether that exposure is accidental or intentional (as in radiation therapy).
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Recovery Position
definition |
On the victim's side with the head supported by the lower forearm.
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Rescue Breathing
definition |
The process of using one's own breaths to artificially breathe for a victim.
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Respiration Rate
definition |
The number of breathing cycles (inhaling and exhaling) per minute.
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Respiratory Arrest
definition |
Complete cessation of breathing.
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Respiratory Failure
definition |
The inability to intake oxygen, to the point where life cannot be sustained.
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Second-Degree Burn
definition |
Damage to the epidermis and dermis, as known as partial thickness.
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Seizure
definition |
The result of a surge of energy through the brain. Instead of discharging electrical energy in a controlled manner, the brain cells continue firing, bringing on sudden changes in sensation, behavior, or movement.
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Severe Airway Obstruction
definition |
When a victim is unconscious and unable to breath after the airway has been opened and a finger sweep performed, or conscious but unable to speak, cough, or breathe.
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Shock
definition |
A life-threatening condition caused by inadequate tissue perfusion.
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Skeletal Muscle
definition |
Soft fibrous tissue that controls movement of bones and joints.
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Sprain
definition |
Severely stretched or torn ligament.
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Strain
definition |
Over-stretched or torn muscle.
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Stroke
definition |
When an artery providing blood to the brain is blocked and the tissue of that part of the brain do not receive adequate amounts of oxygen,; can also be caused by a ruptured blood vessel in the brain.
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Supine
definition |
On the victim's back (face up).
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Tendon
definition |
Bands of connective tissue that bind muscles to bones.
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Thermal Burn
definition |
Burn caused by direct heat.
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Third-Degree Burn
definition |
Damage to the epidermis, dermis, and into fatty layer and muscle beneath the skin also known as full thickness burn.
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Virus
definition |
A submicroscopic agent that is capable of infecting living cells, reproducing, and causing various types of disease.
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Vital Signs
definition |
Vital signs are outward indications of what may be going on inside the body and whether or not a victim is injured or ill.
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Peace officer responsibilities as First Responders
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-evaluating the emergency situation
-ensuring safety of: officer, victim, public -taking necessary enforcement action related to the incident -initiating actions regarding the well being and care for victims |
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Immunity from liability
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CA legislature declared that emergency rescue personnel qualify for immunity from liability from civil damages for any injury caused by an action taken when providing EMS under certain conditions. H&S 1799.102
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Two parts of the victim assessment
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-initial survey
-focused survey |
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Initial survey
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Rapid (30-45 sec), systemic process to detect life threatening conditions
1-check for responsiveness 2-ABC's 3-control major bleeding 4-treat for shock |
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Focused survey
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Systemic examination to determine whether serious conditions exist
1-check v/s (skin color, temp, resp rate, pulse rate) 2-gather initial info on victim/incident 3-head-to-toe exam |
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Responsiveness steps
responsive/non-responsive |
Not responsive
-activate the EMS system -check ABC's Responsive -control any major bleeding -treat for shock -activate the EMS system if necessary |
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Checking breathing
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1-take position with officers ear near victims mouth, eyes looking toward the victims chest
2-***** breathing for 5 sec ---look ---listen ---feel |
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breathing vs not breathing
what to do |
IF VICTIM IS:
NOT BREATHING -give 2 breaths appx 1 sec long --if do not go in, reposition airway and try to ventilate again. If breath does not go in 2nd time, us unconscious obstructive airway technique to force obstruction out BREATHING -check pulse |
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how to check carotid pulse
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1-index and middle finger on front of victims throat at the largest cartilage of the larynx
2-slide fingers off victims throat to side of neck toward officer 3-position fingers between the trachea and large muscles of vics neck for 5-10 seconds |
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Multiple victim assessment categories
(MCI) |
NONSALVAGEABLE
-no further action (obviously dead or not breathing) IMMEDIATE -receives treatment first DELAYED -receives treatment once all vics classified as immediate have been treatment MINOR -direct to a safe area away from other vics and possible scene safety hazards |
