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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Axis 1
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Clinical Disorders
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Axis 2
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Personality Disorders
Mental Retardation |
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Axis 3
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General Medical Conditions
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Axis 4
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Psychosocial & Environmental problems
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Axis 5
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Global Assessment of Functioning
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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- Pervasive distrust of others
- Onset by early adulthood - no psychotic sx or precedes/outlasts sx |
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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- pervasive detachmt from social relationships
- restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings - not as severe as autistic disorder |
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Paranoid Personality Disorder differential dx keys
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- no psychotic sx
- pervasive suspiciousness - |
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5 Freudian Developmental Phases
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0-1 Oral
2-3 Anal 3-6 Phallic/Oedipal 6-11 Latency 12-18 Puberty - genital |
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Piaget's 4 Developmental Phases
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0-2 Sensorimotor thought
2-7 Preoperational thought 7-11 Concrete operations 11+ Formal operations |
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Erickson Stages 1-4
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Basic sense of trust
Sense of autonomy Sense of initiative Sense of industry |
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Erickson Stages 5-8
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Sense of identity
Sense of intimacy Sense of generativity Sense of integrity |
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Erickson Tasks:
Trust v. Mistrust |
Sufficient supplies enable to be assured of care. Soothing so not overwhelmed by stimuli. Outer predictability and inner certainty of mother.
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Erickson Tasks:
Autonomy v shame |
Verbal/conceptual stimulation.
Beginning differentiation. |
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Erickson Developmental Tasks
Autonomy v Shame 1-3 |
Verbal & conceptual stimulation. Language develops. Permission to explore w protection against danger. Support of growth. Capacity to move away from. Beginning differentiation.
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Erickson Developmental Tasks
Initiative v Guilt 3-6 |
Beginning move away from home. Permission for exploration. Play w peers. Learning @ wider world outside of home. Pride in self & achievements separate from parents. Superego development. Self definition.
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Erickson Developmental Tasks
Industry v Inferiority 6-13 |
Conformity in educational institution. Intellectual & social mastery begins. Cooperation with others is signal.
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Erickson Developmental Tasks
Identity v Role Confusion 13-18 |
Partial separation from parents. Peer relationships are primary. Sexual id confirmed. Conformity w/in group. Second individuation phase.
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Erickson Developmental Tasks
Intimacy v Isolation 18-21 |
Leaving home. Developmt of career. Intimate relationship. Reciprocal commitments to sex, role identity, occupation, social role.
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Erickson Developmental Tasks
Generativity v Stagnation 21-65 |
Achievemt of stable new family. Achievemt and productivity in vocational area.
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Erickson Developmental Tasks
Ego integrity v despair 65+ |
Acceptance of mortality. Satisfaction w previous life rolse. Oppty for further self developmt. Adequacy in dealing with loss.
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Piaget Cognitive Theory
1. Sensorimotor 0-2 |
Retains images of objects
Develops primitive logic in manipulating objects. Begins intentional actions Play is imitative Signal meaning Symbol meaning (language) |
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Piaget Cognitive Theory
2. Preoperational 2-7 |
Language developmt allows symbolic fn to occur
Progress from concretism to abstract thinking Comprehends past present future Night terrors Acquires words, math, music symbols |
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Piaget's Cognitive Theory
3. Concrete Ops 7-11 |
Beginnings of abstract thought, plays games with rules, understanding of cause-effect relationship & logical implications understood, thinking is independent of experience, reversible
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Piaget's Cognitive Theory
4. Formal Ops 11 - maturity |
Higher level of abstraction
Construction of ideals Planning for future Thinks hypothetically De-centers through interactions w peers & elders Assumes adult roles, responsibilities |
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Bowlby's 4 Developmental Phases toward Attachment
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1. Orientation signals
2. Orientation and signals 3. Maintenance of proximity to discriminated figure by locomotion and signals 4. Goal directed partnership |
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Bowlby's 4 Developmental Phases toward Attachment
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1. Orientation signals
2. Orientation and signals 3. Maintenance of proximity to discriminated figure by locomotion and signals 4. Goal directed partnership |
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Bowlby's 4 Developmental Phases toward Attachment
1. Orientation signals |
0-3 mos
Tracking eye movemts, grasping, reaching, Babbling, smiling |
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Bowlby's 4 Developmental Phases toward Attachment
2. Orientation and signals |
3-6 mos
Friendly responses to specific persons increases |
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Bowlby's 4 Developmental Phases toward Attachment
3. Maintenance of proximity ... |
12-36 mos
Mother as base for exploration, stranger danger follows departing mother responds to mother's return |
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Bowlby's 4 Developmental Phases toward Attachment
4. Goal directed partnership |
2 yrs - 3 yrs or more
Conceives of mother as separate object acquires insight into mother's feelings |
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Timing of stranger anxiety
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6 -8 months
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Timing of Separation anxiety
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12 months
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Timing of Prolonged separation
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18 months
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Mahler's 4 subphases in child's progress to object constancy
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1. Normal autism
2. Normal symbiosis 3. Separation - individuation 4. Consolidation of individuality |
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Mahler's Premise: Object Constancy
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Object Constancy: capacity of the childto maintain an inner representation of the absent love object which unifies the good and bad feeling in one whole.
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Defense Mechanisms
General |
Automatic, involuntary, usually unconscious psychological activity: expresses the forbidden impulse in symbolic external form & serves to bind anxiety.
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Defense Mechanisms
Repression |
Amnesia or symptomatic forgetting serving to banish unacceptable ideas, fantasies, affects, or impulses from consciousness
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Defense Mechanisms
Compensation |
enables one to make up for real or fancied deficiencies
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Defense Mechanisms
Conversion |
repressed urge is expressed disguised as disturbance of body function usually of sensory, voluntary nervous system
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Defense Mechanisms
Denial |
inability to acknowledge true significance of thoughts, feeling, wishes, or external reality factors which are consciously intolerable
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Defense Mechanisms
Displacement |
directing an impulse, wish, or feeling toward a person or situation not its real object, thus permitting expression in a less threatening situation
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Defense Mechanisms
Dissociation |
process which enables one to split mental functions in a manner allowing one to express forbidden/unconscious impulses w/o responsibility for action due to inability to recall or it is not experienced as his own
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Defense Mechanisms
Idealization |
overestimation o admired aspect or attribute of another; may be conscious or unconscious
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Defense Mechanisms
Identification |
person patterns self after significant other; plays major role in personality development, especially super ego development
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Defense Mechanisms
Identification with the gressor |
mastering anxiety by identifying with a powerful aggressor to counteract feelings of helplessness, usually involves behaving like the aggressor
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Defense Mechanisms
Incorporation |
psychic representation of person or parts of person are figuratively ingested
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Defense Mechanisms
Inhibition |
loss of motivation to engage in usually pleasurable activity avoided b/c it might stir up conflict over forbidden impulses
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Defense Mechanisms
Introjection |
loved or hated external objects are symbolically absorbed within the self (converse of projection)
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Defense Mechanisms
Isolation of affect |
unacceptable impulse/idea/act is separated from its original memory source thereby removing original emotional charge
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Defense Mechanisms
Projection |
attributing one's disowned attitudes, wishes, feelings, and urges to some external object
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Defense Mechanisms
Rationalization |
Not unconscious
Giving believable explanation for irrational behavior motivated by unacceptable unconscious wishes |
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Defense Mechanisms
Reaction Formation |
Person adopts affects, ideas, attitudes, behaviors which are OPPOSITES of those he harbors consciously or unconsciously
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Defense Mechanisms
Regression |
partial or symbolic return to more infantile patterns or reacting or thinking
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Defense Mechanisms
Sublimation |
instinctual drives are diverted into personally, socially acceptable adaptive channels
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Defense Mechanisms
Substitution |
with unattainable or unacceptable goals or emotions, object is replaced by one more attainable or acceptable
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Defense Mechanisms
Symbolization |
some mental representation stands for some other things, class of things, or attribute; this mechnism underlies dream formation and some symptoms such as conversion reactions, obsessions, compulsions, with the link btw the latent meaning of the sx and symbols usually unconscious
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Defense Mechanisms
Undoing |
something unacceptable and already done, thought, or felt is symbolically acted out in reversw (usually repetisiously) in hopes of relieving anxiety; used in obsessive compulsiveness such as pathological hand washing
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Defense Mechanisms
Turning against self |
defense to deflect hostile aggression or other unacceptable impulses from another to self
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Defense Mechanisms
Spltting |
defense mechanism of borderline personality which manifests as self or others being seen as "all good" or "all bad"; agression does not become neutralized; selective lack of impulse control, splitting protects good objects
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Defense Mechanisms
Projective identification |
borderline projection lack of differentiation betw self/object so that the all-bad self projected on the all-bad object is experienced in such a way tht projected impulse requiring that the person w/bdrln attacks and controls the object before he is attacked or destroyed
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Defense Mechanisms
Devaluation |
borderline - corollary of omnipotence; it is the split of primitive idealization
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Defense mechanisms
Acting out |
Directing an unconscious wish or impluse toward some person or object toward whom it is not really felt to avoid conscious awareness or real object
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Defense mechanisms
Decompensation |
deterioration of existing defenses
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Death & Dying
Kubler-Ross Stage 1 |
1. Denial and isolation
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Death & Dying
Kubler-Ross Stage 2 |
2, Anger
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Death & Dying
Kubler-Ross Stage 3 |
3, Bargaining
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Death & Dying
Kubler-Ross Stage 4 |
4. Depression
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Death & Dying
Kubler-Ross Stage 5 |
5. Acceptance
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Freud's Personality Structures
All 3 |
ID
Ego Superego |
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Freud Personality Structural Theory
First element |
ID: Seat of primitive drives and instinctual needs
Impulses, primary process thinking, Unconscious, Discharges tension |
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Freud Personality Structural Theory
Second element |
Ego:
Mediator btw id & external reality Moderates conflict btw drives and internalized prohibitions Adaptive capacity in re external reality |
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Freud Personality Structural Theory
Third element |
Superego:
Seat of conscience, ego ideal Uses internal and external reqrds or punishments to control and regulate id impulses |
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Three levels of the mind
All three |
Unconsious
Preconscious Conscious |
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Three levels of the mind
Level one |
Unconscious
Thoughts, feelings desires, memories of which we are unaware |
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Three levels of the mind
Level two |
Preconscious
Thoughts and feelings which can be brought into consciousness easily |
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Three levels of the mind
Level three |
Conscious
Mental activities of which we are fully aware |
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6 Typical Antipsychotic meds
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Thorazine - chlorpromazine
Mellaril - thioridazine Stelazine - trifluoperazine Proloxin - fluphenazine Navane - thiothixene Haldol - haloperidol |
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Side effects of psychotropic meds
4 examples |
Tardive dyskinesia
Parkinsonian Sx Akathisia Acute dystonic reactions |
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Tardive dyskinesia
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Side effect of psychotropic meds
abnormal, involuntary movements, twitching, snake like writhing, tongue, lips, jaw, face, extremities, trunk Sx may persist indefinitely after med discontinued |
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Parkinsonian Sx
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Side effect of psychotropic meds
Triad of signs: tremor, rigidity, slow movement, diminished expressiveness rx: artane, cogentin, benadryl |
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Akathisia
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Side effect of psychotropic meds
Compulsion to stay in motion |
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Acute dystonic reactions
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Side effect of psychotropic meds
Impaired or disordered muscle tone, espec around face, mouth Rx benzos, antihistamine, anticholinergic antiparkinson (cogentin) |
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Psychotic target sx less likely to respond to psychotropic meds
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Negative sx:
Impaired judgment Lack of insight depression/withdrawal poor motivation |
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Psychotic target sx likely to respond to psychotropic meds
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Positive sx:
agitation, insomnia, hallucinations, delusions, belligerence, paranoia, disorganized thinking |
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Atypical antipsychotic drugs (2)
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1. Clozapine (clozaril)
2. Risperidone (risperdal) |
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Risperidone (risperdal)
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1 5HT and D2 antagonist
Side effect: sedation, palpitations, headache No tardive dyskinesia Questionable relief of + and - sx |
