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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Best way to start play therapy with a child diagnosed with SEPARATION ANXIETY D/O
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see child with parent first then see child alone
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Hypokalemia
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- Potassium deficiency (body doesn't produce enough)
- common in people with eating disorders |
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Transtheoretical Model
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1) Precontemplation: little insight about need to change, don't intend to change
2) Contemplation: aware of the need for change, considering change within next 6 months, not yet committed to the cange 3) Preparation: intent to take action in the next 6 months 4) Action: have already taken steps to bring about change 5) Maintenance: achieved changes in bx that have lasted for at least 6 months, taking steps to prevent relapse Cognitive-affective techniques are good for precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages Behavioral techniques are good for action and maintenance stages |
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Greatest danger associated with stereotyping
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devaluation of the individual
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Cultural paranoia
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- adaptive response to racism
- therapist should help african american client bring feelings of suspiciousness, frustration & antipathy toward whites into conscious awareness |
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Functional paranoia
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- unhealthy, pathology
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Confluent Paranoiac
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- High functional paranoia and high cultural paranoia
- Refer ct to African American therapist |
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You are referred a child who has been in a good foster home for 5 years and is moving to a new foster home. What is the child likely to experience?
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Pretty severe psychological disturbance because of loss of primary caregiver
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Circular questioning in family therapy
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- Helps family members see similarities/differences in their perceptions which will increase their flexibility in viewing their problems (view problems in a different light)
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Best treatment for panic disorders and agoraphobia
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Flooding (in vivo exposure with response prevention)
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What causes vascular dementia
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cerebrovascular disease (series of small strokes)
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Medication useful for decreasing obsessions in OCD
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anti-depressants
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Nightmare D/O
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- repeatedly wake up and recall frightening dreams
- content of dreams = imminent physical danger (attack, injury, being chased) |
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Sleep Terror D/O
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- episodes of abrupt waking up, usually starting with a panicky scream
- don't remember dream after they wake up |
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Somatization D/O
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- somatic complaints not better explained by general medical condition or substance use
- start before age 30 - last for several years |
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Undifferentiated Somatoform D/O
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- somatic sxs last 6 months or more
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Somatoform D/O NOS
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- somatic sxs for less than 6 months
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Cuento Therapy
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- cuento = Spanish folk tale
- read cuentos and then lead group discussion about bx of characters and moral of the story - most effective with Puerto Rican children - cuentos adapted to environment are more effective than originals |
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Treatment for Cyclothymia
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Cognitive therapy
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Aversive Counterconditioning of a fetish
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CS=fetish
UCS=aversive stimulus |
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When are first words spoken by a child?
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Between 10-16 months old
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When is a referral considered complete?
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Follow-up with ct to verify they have followed through on referral
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Eye Contact
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- Native Americans = prefer indirect gaze
- Caucasians = direct eye contact is sign of respect - Asians = avoid direct eye contact with those in authority but that pattern may not carry over into treatment - African Americans = avoid direct eye contact when listening but prefer it when speaking |
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Therapy with victims of abuse
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Early in tx....
- reduce self-blame by repeatedly reassuring them they are not to blame for the abuse - provide safe, caring environment LATER IN TX - refer to group to help them work through it by discussing it with others |
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Therapy with FAMILIES of abuse
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- 1st step of tx: bring abuse out into the open b/c family members tend to deny it
- confronting abuser is helpful when it is the dad/husband - see family members individually - teach stress-reduction skills to abuser |
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Reasons why women stay in abusive relationships
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#1) fear of more abuse if she leaves
2) unable to support herself economically 3) love or commitment to the relationship |
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HIV positive status
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- HIV infected ct's have a duty to warn their partners
- social worker does not have duty to warn |
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Feminist Therapy
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- goal is to empower the ct. Do this by addressing power differential between therapist & ct and then trying to decrease it
- assume ct's problems are due to sexism and gender repression - promote collaboration with ct - model alternative social roles |
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Retirement
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can lead to depression and social role dysfunction
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Cocaine Withdrawal
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- depression
- 2 or more: fatigue, vivid dreams, insomnia/hypersomnia, increased appetite, psychomotor agitation/retardation - craving |
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Child Interviews
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- structured, open-ended questions
- avoid questions that start with "why" - avoid leading questions - visual stimuli (have child draw a picture and respond to it, faces) - use descriptive comments (you look happy today) - use reflective statements - provide praise - avoid critical statements. instead use rules, invitation statements (come sit at the table), or ignore bx - interview adults who know the child |
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Advocacy
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- meet with the ct, explore problem, and develop goals/plan
- discuss risks/advantages - make sure their complaint is based on fact - don't do more than the ct wants you to do...actions always based on ct's wishes |
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Dyslexia
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- may be caused by biological dysfunction (developmental cortical abnormalities in the brain)
- tends to run in families - has adequate intelligence |
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Acculturation
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Adopt traits of dominant culture with or without abandoning traits of native culture
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What dx often exists along with Panic D/O?
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sxs of depression
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Treatment for sexual abuse perp
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- individual therapy
- marital therapy - group therapy - goal is to strengthen and preserve family system because it is assumed that the perp can be rehabilitated |
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Stress inoculation
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Type of CBT
1) education (understand responses) 2) acquire coping skills 3) apply coping skills to imagined or in vivo situations |
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Tx for cts in stable phase of schizophrenia
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- supportive therapy
- skills training - maintain/improve quality of life - work or school |
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Tx for cts in stabilization phase of schizophrenia (after an acute illness episode)
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- reduce stress on the ct
- provide support to minimize relapse - help ct to adapt to life in the community - psychoeducation about sxs - set realisitc goals - get involved in community activities or rehab services but don't put too much pressure on them |
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Diabetes Mellitus
if left untreated, it can result in.... |
increased appetite with weight loss, apathy, confusion, mental dullness
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Most primitive defense mechanism
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introjection
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Neurolinguistic Programming
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work with ct's preferred sensory mode
ex: use "i see" with visual cts and "i hear you" with auditory cts, adjust posture to that of the ct |
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Indicators of sexual abuse in kids
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- overly sophisticated knowledge of sex (i.e. masturbation)
- sudden change in bx |
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Antipsychotic Drugs
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aka "major tranquilizers"
most common side effect = drowsiness other side effects: confusion, disorientation, dizziness |
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Characteristics of Batterers
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- higher rate of alcohol and drug use
- traditional sex role expectations (ex. machoism) - low self-esteem - either passive or aggressive communication style - poor impulse control - anger - experienced/witnessed childhood violence - place responsibility on others rather than themseleves - controlling bx |
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Malpractice
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- therapist may or may not have had malevolent intentions
- connection between therapist's actions and harm suffered by the ct |
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Sexual activity in older age
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- physical health
- availability of a prtner - past sexual activity (past sexual bx is predictor of future sexual bx) |
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What to do when working with clients from a different racial/ethnic background
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- address difference directly during initial session
- discuss cts reactions to it - ask family members how they would like to be addressed |
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Side effects of SSRIs
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- gastrointestional (nausea, appetite loss, diarrhea, constipation)
- frequent urination - insomnia - anxiety - headache - dizziness - tremor - sexual dysfunction |
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Side effects of TCAs
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- anticholinergic: dry mouth, sweating, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
- cardiovascular: palpitations, hypertension - weight gain - nausea - sedation |
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Treatment of Tourette's D/O
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- referral to neurologist first
- later refer to psychiatrist for meds - use antipsychotic meds |
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Problem-solving social casework model
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- concerned with ct's motivation, capacity, and opportunity
- problems with these make cts unable to solve their other problems |
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Crisis theory
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- people can adapt to change
- help ct learn better coping bxs so they can respond better to future crises |
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Role of therapist in psychoanalytic therapy
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- purposely stay neutral
- this is how you analyze transference and resistance |
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Role of therapist in client-centered therapy (Rogerian)
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therapist creates "right" environment by:
- unconditional positive regard - accurate empathic understanding - genuineness |
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Role of therapist in CBT
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- confront
- challenge |
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Role of therapist in Reality Therapy
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- warm
- respectful - caring - open - model responsible bxs for cts |
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Ecological perspective of social casework
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- Problems/needs result from interactions between person and environment
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Collusion
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members of the family cooperate to maintain homeostasis and make things look like it's "business as usual"
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Cultural differences between therapist and ct
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Therapist should awknowledge difference to the ct and ask if they have any questions about it
Cts tend to terminate when therapist ignores cutlural differences |
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School phobia
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Can be caused by:
- separation anxiety - traumatic school experience |
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Associated features of learning disorders
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- delays in language development, memory
- attention deficits - motor incoordination - low self-esteem - poor social skills most frequently codiagnosis is ADHD |
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Info that can be disclosed to a supervisor in the context of an EAP
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- if employee kept appointment
- whether employee needs tx - whether employee accepted tx - don't give any other info without employee's consent |
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Tx for Antisocial PD
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- take some responsibility
- try to get control over actions - very structured - reality based |
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Treatment of choice for African American families
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- extended family systems therapy
- incorporates relationships with extended family members as a strength |
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Important initial tasks when working with Asian cts (especially w/trditional values)
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- establish credibility
display diplomas & certificates in the office, show you are familiar with their cultural background, offer possible explanation for their problem, provide some immediate solutions |
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Interpersonal Therapy
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- brief therapy that was initially developed for depression but is now applied to other disorders
- focus on link between current interpersonal problems and depressive sxs |
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How long should you retain a ct's records?
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- at least 7 yrs after discharge
- records of nonemancipated minors should be kept for at least 1 yr after they turn 18 |
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Tx for Conduct D/O
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- Social learning family intervention aka parent management training
Includes: psychoed for parents, reinforcement of prosocial bxs, discipline for unacceptable bxs, communiction training |
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Treatment for PTSD
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- CBT: exposure to memories of the event, cognitive restructuring, and anxiety mgmt
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Outcomes of treatment phases
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- Early phase: feelings of hopelessness decline
- Middle phase: sxs reduce - Final phase: unlearn maladaptive bxs, develop alternative coping skills |
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Dx that are commonly diagnosed with schizophrenia
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- substance related d/o
- anxiety d/o (epsecally panic and ocd) |
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Triangulation
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- Structural family therapy term
- when 2 parties try to involve a 3rd party in their conflict and get that 3rd party's loyalty (i.e. parents & child, or both mom and dad call therapist seperately to get them on their side) |
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Mimesis
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join a family system by imitating it's style, tempo, and affect
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Tx for older adults
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- benefit about just as much as younger adults from therapy
- specific tx for this population: CBT and reminiscence therapy |
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Client committed a crime
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Ethically keep confidential unless ct comes to tx to avoid being detected or apprehended
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Client plans to commit a crim
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- Keep confidential except in cases of Tarasoff
- Must report if ct went to tx to get help committing a crime |
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What to do when a ct files a complaint against you to the board
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- don't release records without a release
- hire a lawyer - contact malpractice carrier for assistance |
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Fetal abuse reports
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- MAY report but not required to
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What is respite care?
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- homemaker services, day care, foster grandparents, etc
- offered to parents who need a break because of stess - giving them a break will prevent child abuse and reduce the risk of having to remove the child from the home |
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Ambivalence
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- contradictory emotions
- i.e. ambivalence to change = does and doesn't want to change |
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Sculpting
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- technique used in family therapy where family members position themselves to show closeness or distance between them
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Limits on mandated reporting for elders/dependent adults
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- mandated reporter has been told by elder that they are being abused
- MR isn't aware of any evidence that abuse has occured - elder is diagnosed with mental illness, dementia, incapacity, or court-ordered conservatorship - MR believes abuse did not occur |
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Optimal time frame for crisis intervention
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6-8 wks b/c that's about how long a crisis lasts
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