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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ice Age
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a period of extremely cold temperatures when part of the planet's surface was covered with sheets of ice
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Radiocarbon Dating
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method used to determine how old objects are
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Beringia
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an area of dry land between Asia and Alaska that was exposed during the Ice Age
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Nomads
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early Native Americans that moved from place to place and did not live in permanent settlements
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Agricultural Revolution
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the time period when early Americans learned how to plant and raise crops
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Maize
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the most important crop of early Americans, used to make bread, we know it as corn
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Civilizations
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permanent settlements turned into these, usually there was a system of trade and government and art and science and a written language
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Olmec
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the first people to build a civilization in America
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Mississippian Culture
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lived in Moundville, Alabama as well as other places, built huge cities with flat-topped mounds
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Land Bridge Theory
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the idea that the first people to come to the Americas walked across a land bridge from Asia to Alaska during the Ice Age
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DNA Testing
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method of testing bones, skulls, and teeth to tell how old they are
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Vikings
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people from Scandinavia who receive credit for being the first to land in the Americas, Leif Ericsson
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Christopher Columbus
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Italian who sailed for Spain to America
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Indians
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the name Columbus called Native Americans
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Columbian Exchange
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a mixture of cultures; Europe and Africa and Asia sent grains, fruits, coffee beans, livestock, and disease to the Americas; the Americas sent corn, peanuts, cocoa beans, and turkeys to Europe and Africa and Asia
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Disease and Native Americans
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diseases from Europe killed as many as 80% of Native Americans
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Amerigo Vespucci
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America was named after him and not Columbus
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Juan Ponce de Leon
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looked for the fountain of youth, named Florida
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Magellan
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his crew sailed around the world, he named the Pacific Ocean
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Balboa
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the first European to reach the Pacific coast of America and to see the Pacific Ocean
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3 G's
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explorers sailed for gold, glory, and God
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Walter Raleigh
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tried to settle at Roanoke, named the area Virginia after the Virgin Queen Elizabeth
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The Lost Colony
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Roanoke
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Jamestown
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first successful attempt at settlement, settled by the Virginia Company
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Problems at Jamestown
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swampy land, mosquitoes, poor leadership, many unskilled workers
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Tobacco
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the crop that saved Jamestown
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House of Burgesses
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the first general assembly of people in Jamestown; the first government; a Governor, 6 councilors, and 20 representatives, 2 from each of the colony's ten towns
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Burgesses
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the representatives
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Pilgrims
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went to America to escape religious persecution, sailed on the Mayflower, helped by Squanto, settled in Plymouth
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William Bradford
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colonial leader in Plymouth
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John Winthrop
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led another group of Pilgrims to the Americas, stockholder in the Massachusetts Bay Company
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Roger Williams
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banished from Massachusetts, started a colony called Providence, where the government had no authority in religious matters
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Quakers
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everyone has an inner light from God, no need for church or ministers, led by William Penn, started the colony of Pennsylvania
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Georgia
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a colony started by James Oglethorpe for poor people in England who were in prison because they couldn't pay their debts
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Spanish Settlement
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Mexico, Florida, Texas, Central America, Caribbean, California, etc.; gold, silver mining, and ranching
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English Settlement
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Eastern seaboard of North America, trade and farming
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French Settlement
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Canada, St. Lawrence River, and Louisiana Territory; exporting furs
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