Latin Noun Grammar

Front 1

1st declension feminine endings

Back 1

a, a, am, ae, ae, a, ae, ae, as, arum, is, is

Front 2

2nd declension masculine endings

Back 2

us, e, um, i, o, o, i, i, os, orum, is, is

Front 3

2nd declension neuter endings

Back 3

um, um, um, i, o, o, a, a, a, orum, is, is

Front 4

3rd declension masculine/feminine endings

Back 4

-, -, em, is, i, e, es, es, es, (i)um, ibus, ibus

Front 5

3rd declension neuter endings

Back 5

-, -, -, is, i, e, a, a, a, (i)um, ibus, ibus

Front 6

4th declension masculine endings

Back 6

us, us, um, us, ui, u, us, -, us, (u)um, ibus, ibus

Front 7

5th declension feminine endings

Back 7

es, es, em, ei, ei, e, es, es, es, erum, ebus, ebus

Front 8

What are the uses of the nominative case?

Back 8

subject and complement

Front 9

What is the subject of a sentence? (nom.)

Back 9

the person or thing performing the action of the verb

Front 10

What is the complement? (nom.)

Back 10

a noun describing another noun with the correct form of esse (to be) in between them

Front 11

What are the uses of the accusative case?

Back 11

direct object, extent of time, extent of distance, motion towards and after many prepositions

Front 12

What is the direct object of a sentence? (acc.)

Back 12

the person or thing receiving the action of the verb

Front 13

What is extent of time? (acc.)

Back 13

translated in English with for followed by a period of time eg. They were staying there for a few days

Front 14

What is extent of distance? (acc.)

Back 14

used with adjectives describing distances altus (high), longus (long), and latus (wide) eg. The wall was three metres high

Front 15

What is motion towards? (acc.)

Back 15

the place is in the accusative and often has the preposition ad. Ad is not required before the names of towns, cities and small islands. eg. I was walking to Rome.

Front 16

What prepositions take the accusative case?

Back 16

ante (before), e/ex (out of/from), sub (under), per (through), prope (near), apud (with), super (on top), cirum (around), post (after), de (down from), contra (against), inter (between), propter (on account of), trans (across), in (into, onto), ad (to)

Front 17

What are the uses of the genitive case?

Back 17

possession, partitive genitive, genitive of description and after certain adjectives

Front 18

What is possession? (gen.)

Back 18

translated with 'of' or the use of an apostrophe eg. the house of Caesar is big

Front 19

What is partitive genitive?

Back 19

used with words expressing quantity or amount eg. satis (enough), plus (more), minus (less), nimis/nimium (too much), multum (much), quantum? (how much?), tantum (so much), parum (too little)

Front 20

What is genitive of description?

Back 20

describes personal non physical qualities. There must be an adjective modifying the noun, and the genitive is placed with the adjective and thed describing noun. eg. Caesar is a man of utmost virtue

Front 21

What adjectives take the genitive case?

Back 21

cupidis, a, um (desirous of), memor, oris (mindful of), ignarus, a, um (ignorant of), peritus, a , um (skilled in), plenus, a, um (full of), imperitus, a, um (unskilled in), studiosus, a , um (eager for), similis, a, um (like), dissimilis, is, e (unlike), avidus, a, um (eager for)

Front 22

What are the uses of the dative case?

Back 22

indirect object, predicative dative, dative of the person concerned and with intransitive verbs

Front 23

What is the indirect object of a sentence?

Back 23

the person or thing to whom or for whom the verb is being actioned. Translated with to or for

Front 24

What is the predicative dative?

Back 24

a set phrase with a word in the dative case followed by a form of esse (to be). The phrase also has a person in the dative which indicates the recipient of the action (dative of the person concerned).

eg. auxilio esse (to help), curae esse (to cause anxiety), dolori esse (to distress), exemplo esse (to be an example), honori esse (to be an honour), saluti esse (to be a means of safety), exitio esse (to be a cause of destruction), impedimento esse (to hinder), usui esse (to be useful), odio esse (to be hateful), oneri esse (to be a burden), bono esse (to be advantageous)

Front 25

What is the dative of the person concerned?

Back 25

In a set phrase of predicative dative, the person in the dative that indicates the recipient of the action is the dative of the person concerned

Front 26

What are the intransitive verbs? (dat.)

Back 26

intransitive verbs have the dative following them rather than the accusative.

eg. credere (to believe), confidere (to trust), imperare (to order), persuadere (to persuade), resistere (to resist), appropinquare (to approach), favere (to favour), parere (to obey), placere (to please), studere (to study)

Front 27

What are the uses of the ablative case?

Back 27

with keywords, instrument, agent, description, time when/time within which, motion from, manner, after certain prepositions, after certain verbs, ablative absolute

Front 28

What are the keywords? (abl.)

Back 28

by/with/from or in/at/on. However they won't necessarily be written in the Latin eg. The master killed the slave with a sword

Front 29

What is the ablative of instrument?

Back 29

denotes the thing by which or with which something is done. NO PREPOSITION is used before the ablative. eg. they killed the king with poison

Front 30

What is the ablative of agent?

Back 30

denotes the person or animal by which an action is accomplished. ALWAYS PREPOSITION A, AB before the ablative. eg. the girl was found by her father

Front 31

What is the ablative of description?

Back 31

denotes physical features or temporary states of mind, with phrases containing both a noun and an adjective. eg. The gladiator with a huge body was happy

Front 32

What is time when and time within which? (abl.)

Back 32

translated in English with in, at, on, within eg. we will go to Rome within 4 hours

eg. Caesar died on the Ides of March

Front 33

What is the ablative of motion from?

Back 33

used with the prepositions a, ab or e, ex to suggest movement away from a place. A, ab or e, ex are not required when moving away from towns, cities or small islands. eg. He left from Athens

Front 34

What is the ablative of manner?

Back 34

expresses how something was done. If there's no adjective or the noun is abstract, then cum must be used with the ablative. eg. He shouted with a loud voice

Front 35

What prepositions take the ablative case?

Back 35

in (in, on), a, ab (by, from), cum (with), de (about, down from), pro (for, in front of), e, ex (out of, from), sub (under), sine (without), prae (because of), super (above, concerning)

Front 36

What verbs take the ablative case?

Back 36

utor, uti, usus sum (to use), abutor, abuti, abusus sum (to use up), fruor, frui, fruitus sum (to enjoy), potior, potiri, potitus sum (to capture), opus esse (to need)