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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Singular
nominative: -a
genitive -ae
accusative -am
Plural
nom -ae
gen - arum
acc -as
3rd person endings
singular -t puella portat (the girl carries)
pluaral -nt puella portant (the girls carry)
FIRST DECLENSION singular
nom: -a
gen: -ae
acc: -am
dat: -ae
abl: -ā
FIRST DECLENSION plural
nom: -ae
gen: -ārum
acc: -ās
dat: -īs
abl: īs
DECLENSION
1st: -a
2nd: -o
3rd: -i
4th: -u
5th: -e
Personal endings, singular
present indicative
1st: -o
2nd: -s
3rd: -t
Personal endings, plural
present indicative
1st: -mus
2nd: -tis
3rd: -nt
First conjugation
ā
second conjucation
ē
Imperfect tense, first and second conjugation
Expresses past time; formed by puttin -bā between stem and ending. first person ending is -m intsead of -ō.

Long vowel is shortened before final -m, -t, and -nt

-ne will form question; did x y?
Maximē and minimē
Soemetimes the adverb alone or with the verb constitutes an affirmative or negative reply.
Imperfect tense of sum, esse
The stem for the imperfect of sum is era-
Personal endings are
eram , I was
erās, you were
erat, he/she/it was
erāmus, we were
erātis: ya'll were
ertant: they were
Dative of Possession
This use is restircted to sentences exmploying a verm of sum/ Sapientia est tibi (you have wisdom) literally wisdom is to you
Dative of interest/reference
Used to indicate the person interested in or affected by the action or event described
Mihi fīlius est Marcos (literally: the son to me is Mark)
Nominative sg and pl
-a
-ae
Genative
-ae
- arum
Accusative sg and pl
-am
-as
Second Declension of Nouns Singular Masculine
-us(er)
- í
- ó
- um
- o
Second Declension Singular Neuter
- um
- í
- ó
- um
- o
Second Declension Masculine plural
- í
- órum
- ís
- ós
- ís
Second Declension Neuter plural
- a
- órum
- ís
- a
- ís
Adjectives and declensions
The adjective must agree in case number and gender but does not always have the same ending, as in puer bonus.

Since nearly all first declensions are fem. the few that are masculine must be paired with an adjective with the -us endings instead of the fem. ones.
Vocative
Nearly all vocative forms are the same as the nominative forms. The exception is with masculine singular -us; instead it is changed to -e
Phoebe instead of Phoebus
Accusative with preposition
sometimes the object of the preposition is in the accusative
Verb compounds
Often formed from a single base root with various prefixes: advocō, convocō, invocō, etcetera
Ablative
Used not only as the object of certain prepositions, but also used without a preposition to indicate the means or instrument by which something is done. Phoebus filiōs sagittīs necat. Phoebus kills the sons with his arrows (by means of).
Enclitic -que
It is another means of expressing and. Attached to the second of two correlative words nouns, verbs, or adjectives
Future Tense, indicative rules
insert a -bi between the stem and the personal endings of the verb. -ā is retained before the tense signin the first conjugation, and the -ē in the second conjugation.
future Indicative, first conjugation
vocābō
vocābis
vocābit
vocābimus
vocābitis
vocābunt
future Indicative second conjugation
Docēbō
docēbis
docēbit
docēbimus
docēbitis
docēbunt
Two adjectives
when two modify a single noun we usually translate it without the 'and' but in Latin they are connected with an et.
-cum + pronoun
It's attached to the end of the word tēcum (with you)
mēcum (with me)
nōbīscum (with us) vōbīscum (with you pl.)

Dominus vōbīscum: the Lord be with you
Second declension nouns -er -ir
Some like puer keep the -e throughout the declension (puer, puerī, puerō...). Some like ager drop the -e after the nominative (ager, agrī, agrō...)
Adjectives ending in -er
Miser and pulcher. Pulcher drops the -e after the nominative, whereas miser keeps it in all forms.
Future tense of sum
The stem is eri-

erō
eris
erit
erimus
eritis
erunt
Adjective word order
Adjectives denoting size, quantity, and number generally precede the noun they modify.
Perfect tense endings
Singular:

-istī
-it
plural:
-imus
-istis
-ērunt
Perfect tense definition
Refers to time already past, and not continuing into action. Doesn't refer to something that was continuous, usually just a single or completed action. Can be translated with auxiliaries has/have or did
Second conjugation patterns
-ō, -ēre, -ui
Dative with certain adjectives, dependent dative
A few adjectives are follwed by a noun (but in the examples they show the noun preceeding). The noun depends on the adjective, so it's sometimes called dependent dative. Arcadia est deō carā: Arcade is dear to the god.
Subordinate clauses
a subordinate clause introduced by sī expresses the condition under which the main clause is enacted. If Juno sees me, then X.
Suus, eius
They both mean his/hers/its, but suus is an adjective derived from Bonus, and agrees with the noun it modifies; but eius is a pronoun, the genitive singular of is, ea, id (he, she it); it doesn't change to fit the noun. Generally goes unexpressed unless it is unclear. Suus is used to indicate a reflexive possessive, one in which the subject is the possessor, and eius is used if the subject is not the possessor.