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63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Who was the legendary founder of Carthage? What were the Carthagians especially skilled at?
queen Dido
seamen
What was the cause of the First Punic War? In what year did it begin?
Messania
264
On whose ships did the Romans base their own fleet? What additional gadget did they add, and what was its purpose? What was one problem with that gadget?
Carthage's
corvus- gangplank that could cross over enemy ships
made the ships top heavy
What commander was captured by Carthage, but refused to exchange prisoners?
Regulus
What was the superstitious cause of on Roman naval loss?
the sacred chickens wouldn't eat
In what year did the First Punic war end, and what were the terms of peace?
241
the Carthaginians paid a huge fine to Rome and evacuated Sicily, now under Roman control
Name the first two provinces of Rome. To what other military protectorate did the Romans build a new road? What was it called?
Sicily and Sardinia
Cisalpine Gaul
Via Flaminia
Why did Carthage seek a second war with Rome? Where did they prepare for this war? What generals (father and son) were in charge?
They felt opressed by their great fine and were determined to avenge their defeat
New Carthagians
Hamilcar and Hannibal
The fall of what city led to the Second Punic War? In what year did this happen?
Saguntum, 218
Over what obstacles did Hannibal lead his army on their advance to Italy? How long did it take?
the Alps
five months
At what battle in 217 did the Romans suffer a serious defeat? Who was the Roman commander, and how did he lose the battle? How many Romans died?
Lake Trasimene
Flaminius
they were between the mountains and water
fifteen thousand
Whom did the Romans appoint as dictator, and what was his strategy? What cognomen was he later given?
Quintus Fabius Maximus
to retreat before being attacked
cunctator
At what pitched battle in 216 were the Romans again defeated? How did Carthage win? How many Romans were killed?
Battle of Cannae,
double encirclement
50,000 Romans
What Hannibal fail to do immediately after that battle? Where did he set up a base?
mount immediate attacks
Capua
What Sicilian city revolted in 214? How long, and thanks to whose help, did they hold out against the Roman seige?
Syracuse
two years
Archimedes
In 207, what brother of Hannibal was defeated in northern Italy? What was he trying to do?
Hasdrubal
he was bringing troops across the Alps to join forces with his brother
What Roman general took control of Spain? What was his plan for ending the war?
Scipio
take the war into Africa
At what battle, and in what year, did Rome finally defeat Carthage? What were the terms of the Carthaginian surrender?
202
Zama
Carthage gives up ships and elephants, pays fine, Rome leaves Africa, Carthage becomes dependent ally to Rome
What Greek kingdom, led by Philip V, did the Romans defeat and annex? What Greek city did they sack and destroy in 146? What Syrian king was defeated in 168?
Macedonia
Corinth
Antiochus III
What officials governed Roman provinces? What were the responsibilities of these governors? What a possible (if illegal) perk?
pro consul or pro praetore
command military borders
he could act like a king, bribery
What conservative Roman wanted Carthage destroyed, and what gave him an excuse? What are the dates of this so-called Third Punic War?
Marcus Cato
he feared another rebellion
149-146
raided Numidia
What was the corsus honorum?
succession of magistrates
Who were the equites?
class of prosperous men
What were latifundia?
large estates worked by slaves
What revered ideal does Cobbold (the author) say the influx of slaves cost upper-class Romans?
it formed a large, underclass htat was restless
self-sufficiency
Identify some Greek ideas and customs which spread into Roman culture.
Greek language, comedy, literature style
How, in and in what work, did Lucretius explain the workings of universe?
De Rerum Natura
proposed a mechanical arrangement of atoms as the workings of cosmos
To what office was Tiberius Gracchus elected in 133 BC? What kind of legislation did he propose? How did it get passed?
tribune of the plebs
land reform
took it to people
What other unprecedented actions did Tiberius Gracchus take? What was the result?
standing for election to a second successive tribunate
give province of Asia from Pergamum to cover costs of newly settled farmers
overrode a veto of another tribune
he was killed
Who was elected tribune in 123 BC? Beyond land redistribution, what other two proposals did he make?
Gaius Gracchus
give equites control of the jury-courts
and enroll in senate
What action did the Senate take in response to the tribune's actions? What was the result?
they made senatus consultum ultimum; riots outburst and Gaius commits suicide
Who was the mother of the Gracchi? How does Plutarch say she overcame her sorrow?
Cornelia
talk about them as if they were heroes
How would you, in a sentence or two, describe the legacy of the Gracchi?
they didn't follow tradition and a precedent was set for violence to solve problems (violence over diplomacy)
In what year was Gaius Marius elected consul? What was remarkable about his election?
107
novus homo-first in his family
Against whom, and where, did Marius first lead an army as proconsul? Against whom else did he command Roman forces?
Africa Jugurtha
Germans and Gauls
How many times had Marius been elected consul by 100 BC? What was strange about this?
six
because they weren't supposed to be elected many times
supposed to be 10 yrs between each term
Whom did Marius begin recruiting for the army? how did he change the pilum? what did he give each legion? what were his soliders popularly known as, and why?
the proletarli
by modifying the point to break off in the wound or on the fround
its own signum
marius's mules, because they were faithful to him
what was the big problem with marius's military reforms?
the senate was not as connected to the soliders
why did the italian allies revolt in 90 BC? What was the result of this war?
they wanted to be considered citizens
they were granted citizenship
where did Sulla first serve with distinction? over what province was he appointed governor after his term as consul in 88? What Asian king was posing problems there? Who took control of Rome when Sulla left for the east?
Africa
Asia
Mithridates
Marius
What was the program of proscription set up by Sulla after he recaptured Rome?
lists of his political opponents- they were either killed or thrown from city
What was sulla's goal with other reforms? Give an example of one of his reforms?
to weaken the tribunes and strengthen the senate
regulations of the cursus honorum
For how long was Sulla dictator? In what year did he retire and die?
more than 3 years
79
Who led a slave revolt in 72 bc? What was his goal? What happened in the end?
sparatus
to release his fellow slaves
sparatus was killed and many captured
what two men became consuls together in 70 bc? why was this not technically proper?
pompey and crassus
crassus-too young
pompey- never been a magistrate
Against what two foes was pompey given special command in 67 and 66 bc? What was his eastern settlement?
mediterranean pirates and mithridates
he proposed two new provinces which he would tax heavily
who was consul in 63 bc and whose conspiracy did he prevent?
cicero
catiline
Why did the senate not ratify Pompey's eastern settlement?
they thought he wanted to be king
With whom did Pompey join forces, and what did each of them get from the arrangement? What did they call it? What do we call it?
Caesar and Crassus
Caesar-run for consul, Gaul
Crassus-money
Pompey- eastern settlement
they called it amicitia
First Triumvirate
What area did Caesar plan to conquer after he was consul? What was the title of his account of enterprise?
Gaul
De Bello Gallico
How was the arrangement renewed in 55?
Caesar's command in Gaul was exteneded for 5 years; Crassus and Pompey get to be consuls
At what battle, against whom, and in what year was Crassus killed? What other event served to effectively end the triumvirate agreement?
Carrhae, Parthians, 53; Julia, Caesar's daughter and Pompey's wife, died in childbirth
What was Caesar's dilemma in 49? What did he decide to do? What did he famously say at the time?
if he returned, he would be arrested for all of the first triumvirate's acts; he took vengeance and crossed the Rubicon, declaring alea iacta est, the die is cast
At what battle in 48 did Caesar defeat Pompey? How did Pompey die? Who became Caesar's mistress?
Pharsalus
Ptolemy XIII thought he was doing Caesar a favor when he stabbed Pompey
Cleopatra
What public works did Caesar establish while dictator? What was probably the most important?
paved roads, another forum and senate house
the most important= reform of calendar
Who led the assassination of Caesar? Why? Where and on what date did this take place?
Cassius adn Brutus
they thought he wanted to be king
in the theater of pompey on mar 15 509
What were two important items in the will of Caesar? Where did Brutus and Cassius go?
a small sum of money was given to each citizen and Octavianus was his heir
east
What series of speeches denouncing Antony did Cicero deliver in 44?
Philippics
How was the second triumvirate differrent from the first? Who were its three memebers? What was their first act and who was their first victim?
it was formally created by the senate and peopel
Lepidus, Antony and Octavian
draw up a list of proscriptions, Cicero
At what battle in 42 did Antony and Octavian defeat Brutus and Cassius? What happened to Brutus and Cassius?
philippi
they commited suicide
How did Marcus Aggripa,as aedile, help Octavian restore order?
he undertook urban reconstruction
During his military campaigns in the east, where did Antony go for money? Who became his lover? What did he promise her? What Roman woman was already his wife?
Egypt
Cleopatra
give land to her and sons
Octavia
At what naval battle in 31 did Octavian defeat Antony? Who commanded the fleet? How did antony and Celopatra eventually die?
Actium
Aggrippa
suicide