Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who was the legendary founder of Carthage? What were the Carthagians especially skilled at?
|
queen Dido
seamen |
|
What was the cause of the First Punic War? In what year did it begin?
|
Messania
264 |
|
On whose ships did the Romans base their own fleet? What additional gadget did they add, and what was its purpose? What was one problem with that gadget?
|
Carthage's
corvus- gangplank that could cross over enemy ships made the ships top heavy |
|
What commander was captured by Carthage, but refused to exchange prisoners?
|
Regulus
|
|
What was the superstitious cause of on Roman naval loss?
|
the sacred chickens wouldn't eat
|
|
In what year did the First Punic war end, and what were the terms of peace?
|
241
the Carthaginians paid a huge fine to Rome and evacuated Sicily, now under Roman control |
|
Name the first two provinces of Rome. To what other military protectorate did the Romans build a new road? What was it called?
|
Sicily and Sardinia
Cisalpine Gaul Via Flaminia |
|
Why did Carthage seek a second war with Rome? Where did they prepare for this war? What generals (father and son) were in charge?
|
They felt opressed by their great fine and were determined to avenge their defeat
New Carthagians Hamilcar and Hannibal |
|
The fall of what city led to the Second Punic War? In what year did this happen?
|
Saguntum, 218
|
|
Over what obstacles did Hannibal lead his army on their advance to Italy? How long did it take?
|
the Alps
five months |
|
At what battle in 217 did the Romans suffer a serious defeat? Who was the Roman commander, and how did he lose the battle? How many Romans died?
|
Lake Trasimene
Flaminius they were between the mountains and water fifteen thousand |
|
Whom did the Romans appoint as dictator, and what was his strategy? What cognomen was he later given?
|
Quintus Fabius Maximus
to retreat before being attacked cunctator |
|
At what pitched battle in 216 were the Romans again defeated? How did Carthage win? How many Romans were killed?
|
Battle of Cannae,
double encirclement 50,000 Romans |
|
What Hannibal fail to do immediately after that battle? Where did he set up a base?
|
mount immediate attacks
Capua |
|
What Sicilian city revolted in 214? How long, and thanks to whose help, did they hold out against the Roman seige?
|
Syracuse
two years Archimedes |
|
In 207, what brother of Hannibal was defeated in northern Italy? What was he trying to do?
|
Hasdrubal
he was bringing troops across the Alps to join forces with his brother |
|
What Roman general took control of Spain? What was his plan for ending the war?
|
Scipio
take the war into Africa |
|
At what battle, and in what year, did Rome finally defeat Carthage? What were the terms of the Carthaginian surrender?
|
202
Zama Carthage gives up ships and elephants, pays fine, Rome leaves Africa, Carthage becomes dependent ally to Rome |
|
What Greek kingdom, led by Philip V, did the Romans defeat and annex? What Greek city did they sack and destroy in 146? What Syrian king was defeated in 168?
|
Macedonia
Corinth Antiochus III |
|
What officials governed Roman provinces? What were the responsibilities of these governors? What a possible (if illegal) perk?
|
pro consul or pro praetore
command military borders he could act like a king, bribery |
|
What conservative Roman wanted Carthage destroyed, and what gave him an excuse? What are the dates of this so-called Third Punic War?
|
Marcus Cato
he feared another rebellion 149-146 raided Numidia |
|
What was the corsus honorum?
|
succession of magistrates
|
|
Who were the equites?
|
class of prosperous men
|
|
What were latifundia?
|
large estates worked by slaves
|
|
What revered ideal does Cobbold (the author) say the influx of slaves cost upper-class Romans?
|
it formed a large, underclass htat was restless
self-sufficiency |
|
Identify some Greek ideas and customs which spread into Roman culture.
|
Greek language, comedy, literature style
|
|
How, in and in what work, did Lucretius explain the workings of universe?
|
De Rerum Natura
proposed a mechanical arrangement of atoms as the workings of cosmos |
|
To what office was Tiberius Gracchus elected in 133 BC? What kind of legislation did he propose? How did it get passed?
|
tribune of the plebs
land reform took it to people |
|
What other unprecedented actions did Tiberius Gracchus take? What was the result?
|
standing for election to a second successive tribunate
give province of Asia from Pergamum to cover costs of newly settled farmers overrode a veto of another tribune he was killed |
|
Who was elected tribune in 123 BC? Beyond land redistribution, what other two proposals did he make?
|
Gaius Gracchus
give equites control of the jury-courts and enroll in senate |
|
What action did the Senate take in response to the tribune's actions? What was the result?
|
they made senatus consultum ultimum; riots outburst and Gaius commits suicide
|
|
Who was the mother of the Gracchi? How does Plutarch say she overcame her sorrow?
|
Cornelia
talk about them as if they were heroes |
|
How would you, in a sentence or two, describe the legacy of the Gracchi?
|
they didn't follow tradition and a precedent was set for violence to solve problems (violence over diplomacy)
|
|
In what year was Gaius Marius elected consul? What was remarkable about his election?
|
107
novus homo-first in his family |
|
Against whom, and where, did Marius first lead an army as proconsul? Against whom else did he command Roman forces?
|
Africa Jugurtha
Germans and Gauls |
|
How many times had Marius been elected consul by 100 BC? What was strange about this?
|
six
because they weren't supposed to be elected many times supposed to be 10 yrs between each term |
|
Whom did Marius begin recruiting for the army? how did he change the pilum? what did he give each legion? what were his soliders popularly known as, and why?
|
the proletarli
by modifying the point to break off in the wound or on the fround its own signum marius's mules, because they were faithful to him |
|
what was the big problem with marius's military reforms?
|
the senate was not as connected to the soliders
|
|
why did the italian allies revolt in 90 BC? What was the result of this war?
|
they wanted to be considered citizens
they were granted citizenship |
|
where did Sulla first serve with distinction? over what province was he appointed governor after his term as consul in 88? What Asian king was posing problems there? Who took control of Rome when Sulla left for the east?
|
Africa
Asia Mithridates Marius |
|
What was the program of proscription set up by Sulla after he recaptured Rome?
|
lists of his political opponents- they were either killed or thrown from city
|
|
What was sulla's goal with other reforms? Give an example of one of his reforms?
|
to weaken the tribunes and strengthen the senate
regulations of the cursus honorum |
|
For how long was Sulla dictator? In what year did he retire and die?
|
more than 3 years
79 |
|
Who led a slave revolt in 72 bc? What was his goal? What happened in the end?
|
sparatus
to release his fellow slaves sparatus was killed and many captured |
|
what two men became consuls together in 70 bc? why was this not technically proper?
|
pompey and crassus
crassus-too young pompey- never been a magistrate |
|
Against what two foes was pompey given special command in 67 and 66 bc? What was his eastern settlement?
|
mediterranean pirates and mithridates
he proposed two new provinces which he would tax heavily |
|
who was consul in 63 bc and whose conspiracy did he prevent?
|
cicero
catiline |
|
Why did the senate not ratify Pompey's eastern settlement?
|
they thought he wanted to be king
|
|
With whom did Pompey join forces, and what did each of them get from the arrangement? What did they call it? What do we call it?
|
Caesar and Crassus
Caesar-run for consul, Gaul Crassus-money Pompey- eastern settlement they called it amicitia First Triumvirate |
|
What area did Caesar plan to conquer after he was consul? What was the title of his account of enterprise?
|
Gaul
De Bello Gallico |
|
How was the arrangement renewed in 55?
|
Caesar's command in Gaul was exteneded for 5 years; Crassus and Pompey get to be consuls
|
|
At what battle, against whom, and in what year was Crassus killed? What other event served to effectively end the triumvirate agreement?
|
Carrhae, Parthians, 53; Julia, Caesar's daughter and Pompey's wife, died in childbirth
|
|
What was Caesar's dilemma in 49? What did he decide to do? What did he famously say at the time?
|
if he returned, he would be arrested for all of the first triumvirate's acts; he took vengeance and crossed the Rubicon, declaring alea iacta est, the die is cast
|
|
At what battle in 48 did Caesar defeat Pompey? How did Pompey die? Who became Caesar's mistress?
|
Pharsalus
Ptolemy XIII thought he was doing Caesar a favor when he stabbed Pompey Cleopatra |
|
What public works did Caesar establish while dictator? What was probably the most important?
|
paved roads, another forum and senate house
the most important= reform of calendar |
|
Who led the assassination of Caesar? Why? Where and on what date did this take place?
|
Cassius adn Brutus
they thought he wanted to be king in the theater of pompey on mar 15 509 |
|
What were two important items in the will of Caesar? Where did Brutus and Cassius go?
|
a small sum of money was given to each citizen and Octavianus was his heir
east |
|
What series of speeches denouncing Antony did Cicero deliver in 44?
|
Philippics
|
|
How was the second triumvirate differrent from the first? Who were its three memebers? What was their first act and who was their first victim?
|
it was formally created by the senate and peopel
Lepidus, Antony and Octavian draw up a list of proscriptions, Cicero |
|
At what battle in 42 did Antony and Octavian defeat Brutus and Cassius? What happened to Brutus and Cassius?
|
philippi
they commited suicide |
|
How did Marcus Aggripa,as aedile, help Octavian restore order?
|
he undertook urban reconstruction
|
|
During his military campaigns in the east, where did Antony go for money? Who became his lover? What did he promise her? What Roman woman was already his wife?
|
Egypt
Cleopatra give land to her and sons Octavia |
|
At what naval battle in 31 did Octavian defeat Antony? Who commanded the fleet? How did antony and Celopatra eventually die?
|
Actium
Aggrippa suicide |