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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Plan of San Luis Potosi
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Political document written in San Antonio, TX. It was published in the Mexican city of San Luis Potosi in 1910. It initiated the Mexican Revolution and the collapse of the Mexican president, Porfirio Diaz.
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Constitution of 1917
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Mexican Constitution. It was produced during the Mexican Revolution. It was considered one of the most progressive constitutions for it's time. This was a liberal document, but with protection. Some of things stated in this constitution were secular education, citizenship and voting rights, labor rights, and subsoil rights (meaning when people drill for oil in Mexico, it is Mexico's property).
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Lázaro Cárdenas
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Elected as a populis in Mexico (Populism: govern in the name of the “people”, against a perceived threat, are nationalistic). Some things that were popular under Cardenas were land reform (tried to redistribute land), labor reform (allowed people to create national unions), the creation of PPM (corporatism), and a socialist education.
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Eva Perón:
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She is the wife of Juan Peron, who was the Minister of Labor and Welfare in Argentina. Eva Peron was both loved and hated. She was known as the “Mother of Argentina”. She created the Peronist Feminist Party along with the Eva Peron Foundation. She died in 1952 and even after her death, she was still never accepted by the upperclass women.
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El Pulpo:
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means “octopus”. In Guatemala, el pulpo was the idea that everything was related to bananas and that things like railroads, freight moving, and the purchasing of land were like the tentacles coming from the octopus, which represented the bananas.
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Jacobo Arbenz:
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Elected as president to Guatemala in 1951. Although he was not communist, he allowed communist groups to form. During this time, land reform passed, he brought economic development to his country, and he made schools on lands for workers. However, did not allow unionization and exposed people to toxic pesticides. A group of Guatemalan exiles tried to overthrow Arbenz.
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Granma:
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This was the yacht of that carried Fidel Castro and 81 rebels from Mexico to Cuba's shores in 1956 to overthrow the Fulgencio Batista. This launched the Cuban revolution.
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Haydee Santamaría:
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Cuban. Participated in the Moncada barrack attacks led by Fidel Castro. This was to take action against the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista.
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Monroe Doctrine:
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This is a document that stated the Europeans are to stay out of the Americas and that Europe does not have any control over the Americas. The country that is to intervene if something is to happen in the Americas will be the United States of America.
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Platt Amendment:
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Signed in 1901. The purpose was for Cuba to grow as an independent country, which meant a withdraw of American troops except in Guantanamo Bay. It outlined the role of the United States involvement in Cuba and the Caribbean.
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Salvador Allende:
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He was the president of Chile and an enemy of the United States. He advocated socialism to cure Chile, but within a framework of legality and non-violence. He implemented many reforms. He had many opponents, which included the catholic church, foreign interests, media, the police, etc. The the help of the United States, the Chilean military attacked the presidential palace and killed Allende and put Pinochet into power.
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DINA:
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Stands for Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (National Intelligence Directorate). This was the Chilean secret police under President Pinochet. DINA officers would secretly take citizens to camps for political reasons, where they were tortured and killed. Most of these people disappeared forever and their fate is unknown.
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The Cosmic Race:
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It is a published document by a Mexican philosopher, Jose Vasconcelos, stating that unlike the belief of the Europeans, Latin Americans are actually the superior race. He supports this theory by saying Latin Americans have the blood of all the world's races, which include White Europeans, Black Africans, and Asian-descended Native Americans. This is known as the “cosmic race”.
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El Frijolero:
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This is a song written by the band “Molotov”. The word 'frijolero' means 'one who prepares beans', which is a racist slang term used for Mexicans living in the United States. The song discusses the hatred Americans have of Mexicans coming into the United States. This song is the Mexican perspective of this current issue.
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NAFTA:
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Stands for the North American Free Trade Agreement. The goal of NAFTA was to eliminate barriers to trade and investment between the US, Canada and Mexico.
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EZLN:
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They were a rebel group in Mexico known as the Zapatistas and rose up against the Mexican government in 1994. They wanted indigenous rights, women's rights, anti-globalization, anti-poverty, and protested NAFTA. Even though they were anti-globalization, the group communicated their message by using the internet and other media sources.
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Neoliberalism:
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believes in free trade, privatization, no social spending (or very little) and comparitive advantages
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