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589 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parts of a Verb: Person
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Who is the subject? 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person
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Parts of a Verb: Number
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Singular or plural
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Parts of a Verb: Tense
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Time of the action. Present, Future, Imperfect, Perfect (Present Perfect), Future Perfect, and Pluperfect (Past Perfect)
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Parts of a Verb: Mood
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The manner of indicating the action or state of being of the verb. Indicative, imperative, and the subjunctive
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Parts of a Verb: Voice
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An indication with transitive verbs (those that can take direct objects) whether the subject performs the action (active) or receives it (passive)
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1st Conjugation Present Indicative Active
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Laudo, laudas, laudat
Laudamus, laudatis, laudant |
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2nd Conjugation Present Indicative Active
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Moneo, mones, monet
Monemus, monetis, monent |
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Present Active Imperative
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Lauda, Mone, Audi
Laudate, Monete, Audite |
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Steps to Translating
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1) Read aloud from beginning to end. Try to get a sense of the sentence
2) Remember the verb often comes last in Latin 3) Remember that if the verb is first or second person, you already have your subject. If it is third person look for a noun that might be the subject 4) Subject, Object, Verb is a common pattern (SOV) 5) More specifically, a Latin sentence is commonly divided: i) The subject and its modifiers, ii) the indirect object, iii) the direct object, iv) adverbial words or phrases, v) the verb. Tips: Genitives generally follow the nouns they modify. Adjectives generally follow the nouns they modify - Remember that possessives are often implied rather than put in directly (save for emphasis and to avoid ambiguity). Add them as you would "a" or "the" - When an adjective modifies two nouns of different gender, the tendency is that it agrees with the one closer to it in the sentence. |
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Principal Parts
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1) First person singular present active indicative, 2) Present active infinitive, 3) Perfect Active Indicative, 4) Perfect Passive Participle
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Me
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Pronoun: me, myself
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Quid
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Pronoun: what (i.e. quid pro quo)
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Nihil
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indeclinable, n, nothing
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Non
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Adverb: Not
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Saepe
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Adverb: Often
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Si
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Conjunction: If
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Amo
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amare, amavi, amatum
to love, like |
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Amabo te
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Idiom: Please (literally "I will love you")
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Cogito
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cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatum
to think, ponder, consider, plan |
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Debeo
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debere, debui, debitum
to owe; ought, must |
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Do
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dare, dedi, datum
to give, offer |
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Erro
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errare, erravi, erratum
to wander; err, go astray, make mistake, be mistaken |
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Laudo
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laudare, laudavi, laudatum
to praise |
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Moneo
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monere, monui, monitum
to remind, advise, warn |
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Salveo, salvere
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to be well, be in good health
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Salve, salvete
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Hello, greetings
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Servo
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servare, servavi, servatum
To preserve, save, keep, guard |
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Conservo
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conservare, conservavi, conservatum
to preserve, conserve, maintain (stronger form of servo) |
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Terreo
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terrere, terrui, territum
to frighten, terrify |
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Valeo
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valere, valui, valiturum
to be strong, have power, be well |
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Vale, valete
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Goodbye, farewell
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Video
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Videre, vidi, visum
to see; observe, understand |
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Voco
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vocare, vocavi, vocatum
to call, summon |
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et
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Conj: And
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Hodie
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Adv: Today
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Respondeo
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respondere, respondi, responsum
to reply, respond, answer |
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Festino
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Festinare, festinavi, festinatum
to hasten, make haste |
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Lente
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Adv: Slowly
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Culpo
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Culpare, culpavi, culpatum
to blame, censure |
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Pecco
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Peccare, peccavi, peccatum
to sin |
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Volo
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Volare, volavi, volatum
to fly |
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bis
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Adv: twice
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Cito
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Adv: quickly
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Gaudium
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Gaudii, n, joy, fun, delight
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Utilis
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Adj: Useful
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Discipula/discipulus
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Discipulae/discipuli, f/m, student
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Magister, magistra
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m/f, schoolmaster/schoolmistress, teacher, master/mistress
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Nomen
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Nominis, n, name
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Nominative Case
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Indicates the subject of a finite (non infinitive, non participle) verb
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Genitive Case
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A noun which modifies another is put in the genitive case. It commonly indicates possession and can frequently be translated using "of." The noun the genitive modifies is generally followed by the genitive.
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Dative Case
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Marks the person or thing indirect affected by the action of the verb. Frequently used to indicate indirect objects. Generally translated as to or for with noun.
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Accusative Case
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Indicates the direct object. Also used for object of certain prepositions: e.g. ad, to; in, into; post, after. Subjects of an infinitive are regularly in the accusative
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Ablative Case
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Also called the adverbial case, it was used by Romans to modify or limit the verb. Means, agent, accompaniment, manner, place, time are all ways it does this. Also used with prepositions such as: ab, by/from; cum, with; de and ex, from; in, in/on. Generally associated with English prepositions by, with, from, in, on, at
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Vocative Case
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Noun of direct address, used to address a person or thing directly. It has the same form as nominative save for the 2nd declension -us nouns which ends: magne.
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First Declension
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Singular - Nom: Porta, Gen: Portae, Dat: Portae, Acc: Portam, Abl: Porta, Voc: Porta
Plural - Nom: Portae, Gen: Portarum, Dat: Portis, Acc: Portas, Abl: Portis, Voc: Portae |
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Agreement of Adjectives
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An adjective agrees with its noun in gender, number, and case. Adjectives generally follow the nouns they modify except for adjectives that denote size or number (as well as demonstratives such as hic and ille) which precede.
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Fama
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Famae, f, rumour, report; fame, reputation
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Forma
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Formae, f, form, shape; beauty
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Fortuna
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Fortuna, f, fortune, luck
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Ira
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Irae, f, ire, anger
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Nauta
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Nautae, m, sailor
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Patria
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Patriae, f, fatherland, native land, (one's) country
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Pecunia
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Pecuniae, f, Money
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Philosophia
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Philosophiae, f, Philosophy
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Poena
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Poenae, f, Penalty, punishment
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Poeta
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Poetae, m, Poet
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Porta
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Portae, f, gate, entrance
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Puella
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Puellae, f, girl
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Rosa
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Rosae, f, rose
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Sententia
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Sententiae, f, feeling, thought, opinion, vote, sentence
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Vita
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Vitae, f, life, mode of life
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Antiquus/a/um
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Ancient, old-time
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Magnus/a/um
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Large, great; important
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Mea
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Meae, adj: my
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Multus/a/um
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Much, many
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Tua
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Tuae, adj: your
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et
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Conj and; even.
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Et...et
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both...and
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Sed
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Conj, but
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O
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Interjection: o, oh! Used with the vocative
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Sine
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Prep + abl = without
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Sub rosa
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Idiom, to something secretely or in confidence
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Aqua vitae
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Lit. the water of life, phrase for whiskey
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Sinecure
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From sine+cura, is an office or position that is largely without responsibility
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Optimus/a/um
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Great, good
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Quid agis hodie?
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How are you today?
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Pessimus/a/um
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Terrible
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Bene
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Adv, well, satisfactorily, quite
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Satis bene
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Conversational phrase, So, so or okay
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Non bene
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Conversational phrase, Not well
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Et tu?
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Conversational phrase, And you?
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Venia
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Veniae, f, favour, pardon
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Clementia
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Clementiae, f, clemency
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Deporto
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Deportare, deportavi, deportatum, to carry away, to carry off
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Recuso
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Recusare, recusavi, recusatum, to refuse, refect
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Vito
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Vitare, vitavi, vitatum, to avoid, shun
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Turba
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Turbae, f, crowd multitude
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Iubeo
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iubere, iussi, iussum, to bid, command, order
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Ars
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Artis, f, art, skill
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Sanus/a/um
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Sound, sane
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Immodica/a/um
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Immoderate, excessive
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Creo
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Creare, creavi, creatum, to create
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Insania
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Insaniae, f, unsoundness, insanity, folly
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Nullus/a/um
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No
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Avaritia
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Avaritiae, f, avarice
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Saevus/a/um
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Cruel
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Catena
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Catenae, f, chain
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Onero
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Onerare, oneravi, oneratum, to load, burden, oppress
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Rota
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Rotae, f, wheel
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Timeo
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Timere, timui, to fear, be afraid
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Obduro
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Obdurare, obduravi, obduratum, to be firm, persist, endure
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Basio
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Basiare, basiavi, basiatus, to kiss
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Te
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You
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Masculine Second Declension
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Singular - Nom: Amicus, Gen: Amici, Dat: Amico, Acc: Amicum, Abl: Amico, Voc: Amice
Plural - Nom: Amici, Gen: Amicorum, Dat: Amicis, Acc: Amicos, Abl: Amicis, Voc: Amici |
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Apposition
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A noun that is put beside another noun as a form of explanation. For example: "Gaium, filium meum, in agro video." Filium is in apposition to Gaium (it explains who Gaius is). As such, they agree in case, usually in number, and often in gender. Commas are commonly used to seperate them.
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Ager
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Agri, m, field, farm
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Agricola
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Agricolae, m, farmer
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Amica
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Amicae, f, friend
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Amicus
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Amici, m, friend
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Femina
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Feminae, f, woman
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Filia
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Filiae, f, dat. and abl. filiabus, daughter
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Filius
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Filii, m, son
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Numerus
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Numeri, m, number
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Populus
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Populi, m, the people, a people, a nation
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Puer
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Pueri, m, boy, pl: boys, children
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Sapientia
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Sapientiae, f, wisdom
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Vir
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Viri, m, man, hero
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Avarus/avara/avarum
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Greedy, avaricious
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Pauci/Paucae/Pauca
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Usually pl, few, a few
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Romanus/Romana
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Adj, Roman
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de
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Prep + abl = down from, from; concerning, about. Also as a prefix for meanings such as down, away, aside, out, off
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In
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Prep + abl = in, on
Prep + acc = into |
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Semper
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Adv, always
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Habeo
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Habere, habui, habitum, to have, hold, possess; consider, regard
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Satio
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Satiare, satiavi, satiatum, to satisfy, sate
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Libellus
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Libelli, m, little book
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Studeo
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Studere, studui + dat, to be eager for, study
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Adversus/adversa/adversum
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Adverse
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Benevolentia
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Benevolentiae, f, benevolence
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Egeo
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Egere, egui + abl or gen, to need, lack, want
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Copia
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Copiae, f, abundance
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Irrito
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Irritare, irritavi, irritatum, to excite, exasperate
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Secrete
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Adv, in secret
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Palam
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Adv, openly
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Modus
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Modi, m, moderation, measure, bound, limit; manner, method, mod, way
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Teneo
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Tenere, tenui, tentum, to have, hold, keep, possess, restrain; observe
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Ad
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Prep + acc = to, up to, near to
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Post
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Prep + acc = after, behind
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Ab
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Prep + abl = by, from
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Cum
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Prep + abl = with
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Ex or e
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Prep + abl = from, out of, from within; by reason of, on account of. Ex could be used before consonants or vowels, e only before consonants.
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Second Declension Neuters
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Singular - Nom: Donum, Gen: Doni, Dat: Dono, Acc: Donum, Abl: Dono. Plural - Nom: Dona, Gen: Donorum, Dat: Donis, Acc: Dona, Abl: Donis
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Sum
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Infinitive: esse, to be. Sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
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Intransitive Verb
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Intransitive verbs, such as sum, cannot take a direct object. Intransitive verbs instead serve to link the subject of a clause with a noun or adjective in the predicate.
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Predicate Nominative
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Nouns or adjectives which are connected to the subject by an intransitive verb. They are connected or equated with the subject by linking the verb. They agree in number and case as well as gender whenever possible
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Substantive Adjectives
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An adjective which substitutes for a noun. I.e. "The meek shall inherit the earth," where meek = substantive adjective. It should be translated as a noun, often by supplying man, men, woman, women, thing, or things (as appropriate with its gender and number)
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Basium
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Basii, n, kiss
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Bellum
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Belli, n, war
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Consilium
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Consilii, n, plan, purpose, counsel, advice, judgement, wisdom
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Cura
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Curae, f, care, attention, caution, anxiety
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Donum
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Doni, n, gift, present
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exitium
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Exitii, n, destruction, ruin
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Mora
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Morae, f, delay
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Oculus
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Oculi, m, eye
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Officium
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Officii, n, duty, service
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Otium
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Otii, n, leisure, peace
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Periculum
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Periculi, n, danger, risk
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Remedium
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Remedii, n, cure, remedy
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Bellus/a/um
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Pretty, handsome, charming
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Bonus/a/um
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Good, kind
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Humanus/a/um
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Pertaining to man, human; humane, kind; refined, cultivated
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Malus/a/um
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Bad, wicked, evil
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Parvus/a/um
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Small, little
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Stultus/a/um
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Foolish
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Stultus
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Stulti, m, a fool
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Verus/a/um
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True, real, proper
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Iuvo
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(or adiuvo), iuvare, iuvi, iutum, to help, aid, assist; please
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Sum
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Esse, fui, futurum, to be, exist
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Caecus/a/um
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Blind
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Infortunatus/a/um
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Unfortunate
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Omnino
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Adv, wholly
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Beatus/a/um
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Happy, fortunate
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Crustulum
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Crustuli, n, cookie, pastry
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Magis quam
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More than
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Mihi
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Dative, to me
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Infinitus/a/um
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Infinite
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Nostro
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Our
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Dignus/a/um
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worthy, deserving
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Amicitia
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Amicitiae, friendship
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Omnis
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Omne, every, all
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Praeclarus/a/um
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Splendid, remarkable
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Rarus/a/um
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Rare
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Possumus
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We are able
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Ergo
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Therefore
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Rara avis
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Lit. a rare bird, but used for an exceptional or unusual individual or a rarity
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1st and 2nd Conjugation Future Indicative Active
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Laudabo, laudabis, laudabit, laudabimus, laundbitis, laudabunt
Monebo, monebis, monebit, monebimus, monebitis, monebunt |
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1st and 2nd Conjugation Imperfect Indicative Active
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Laudabam, laudabas, laudabat, laudabamus, laudabatis, laudabant
Monebam, monebas, monebat, monebamus, monebatis, monebant |
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Translating the Indicative Active Future Tense
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1st person = shall, 2nd and 3rd = will.
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Translating the Indicative Active Imperfect Tense
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Commonly indicates an action that was continuing or progressive in the past (the name imperfectum = not completed). Actions may be going on, repeated, habitual, or just beginning.
I was, I kept, I used to, I tried to, I was beginning to Occasionally it will be translated simply as a past tense, especially with an adverb that in itself indicates continuing action (such as saepe) |
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Adulescentia
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Adulescentiae, f, youth, young manhood; youthfulness
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Animus
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Animi, m, soul, spirit, mind
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Animi
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Animorum, m, high spirits, pride, courage
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Caelum
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Caeli, n, sky, heaven
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Culpa
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Culpae, f, fault, blame
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Gloria
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Gloriae, f, glory, fame
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Verbum
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Verbi, n, word
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Te
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Able and acc sg, you, yourself
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Libera
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Libera, liberum, free
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Noster
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Nostra, nostrum, our, ours
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Pulcher
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Pulchra, pulchrum, beautiful, handsome; fine
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Igitur
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Conj, postpositive, therefore, consequently
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-ne
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Enclitic or suffix added to the emphatic word placed at the beginning of a sentence to indicate a question the answer to which is uncertain
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Propter
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Prep + acc = on account of, because of
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cras
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Adv, tomorrow
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Heri
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Adv, yesterday
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Quando
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Interrogative and relative adv and conj, when
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Si quando
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If ever
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Satis
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Indecl. noun, adj, and adv, enough, sufficient
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Tum
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Adv, then, at that time; thereupon, in the next place
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Ceno
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Cenare, cenavi, cenatum, to dine
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Culpo
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Culpare, culpavi, culpatum, to blame, censure
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Remaneo
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Remanere, remansi, remansum, to remain, stay, stay behind, abide, continue
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Maneo
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Menere, mansi, mansum, to remain, stay, stay behind, abide, continue
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Supero
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Superare, superavi, superatum, to be above, have the upper hand, suprass; overcome, conquer
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Super
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Adv and prep + abl or acc = above
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Invidia
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Invidiae, f, dislike
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Sustineo
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Sustinere, sustinui, sustentum, to endure, sustain
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Angustus/a/um
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Narrow
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Curo
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Curare, curavi, curatum, to take care of
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Supplicium
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Supplicii, n, punishment
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Peritus/a/um
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Skillful
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Asper
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Aspera, asperum, tough, harsh
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Aper
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Apri, m, boar, pig
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Conviva
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Convivae, m, dinner guest
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Exercitus
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Exerciti, m, army
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Persicus
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Persici, m, a Persian
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Inquit
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Says
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Sagitta
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Sagittae, f, arrow
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Lacedaemonius
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Lacedaemonii, m, a Spartan
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Umbra
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Umbrae, shade, shadow; ghost
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Pugno
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Pugnare, pugnavi, pugnatum, to fight
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Rex
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Regis, king
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Exclamo
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Exclamare, exclamavi, exclamatum, to shout
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Apud
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Prep + acc = among
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Inferi
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Inferorum, those below, the dead
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Fortasse
|
Adv, perhaps
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Poenas dare
|
Pay the penalty
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Future Indicative of Sum
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Ero, eris, erit
Erimus, eritis, erunt |
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Imperfect Indicative of Sum
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Eram, eras, erat
Eramus, eratis, erant |
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Possum
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Posse, potui: to be able, can, could, have power
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Potis
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Adj: able, capable
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Present Indicative of Possum
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Possum, potes, potest
Possumus, potestis, possunt |
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Future Indicative of Possum
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Potero, poteris, poterit
Poterimus, poteritis, poterunt |
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Imperfect Indicative of Possum
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Poteram, poteras, poterat
Poteramus, poteratis, poterant |
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Complimentary Infinitive
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A completing infinitive that works with verbs such as possum which require a completing infinitive. For instance: Amici nostri poterant superare multa pericula.
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Dea
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Deae, f, dat. and abl. pl. deabus, goddess
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Deus
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Dei, m, voc. sg. deus, nom. pl. di, dat. and abl. pl. dis, god (in Augustan Latin plurals = dei and deis)
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Insidiae
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Insidiarum, f. pl, ambush, plot, treachery
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Liber
|
Libri, m, book
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Tyrannus
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Tyranni, m, absolute ruler, tyrant
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Vitium
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Vitii, n, fault, crime, vice
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Graecus/a/um
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Greek
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Graecus
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Graeci, m, a Greek
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Perpetuus/a/um
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Perpetual, lasting, uninterrupted, continous
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Plenus/a/um
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Full, abundant, generous
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Salvus/a/um
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Safe, sound
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Secundus/a/um
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Second; favourable
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Vester
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Vestra, vestrum, your (pl)
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-que
|
Enclitic conj., and
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Ubi
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1) Rel. adv. and conj, where, when
2) Interrog. adv. and conj, where? |
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Ibi
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Adv, there
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Nunc
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Adv, now, at present
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Quare
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Adv, lit: because of which thing (qua re), therefore, wherefore, why
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Tolero
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Tolerare, toleravi, toleratum, to bear, endure
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Syracusanus
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Syracusani, a Syracusan
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Opto
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Optare, optavi, optatum, to wish for, desire
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Gusto
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Gustare, gustavi, gustatum, to taste
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Delecto
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Delectare, delectavi, delectatum, to delight, charm, please
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Punicus/a/um
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Punic, Carthaginian
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Varius/a/um
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Varied
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Statua
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Statuae, statue
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Infirmus/a/um
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Not strong, weak
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Leges
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Nom. pl. Laws
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Nec
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= Et non = and not
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Dico
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Dicere, dixi, dictum, to say, tell, speak; call, name
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Tantum
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Adv, Only
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Nec...nec
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Neither...nor
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Sub
|
Under
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cf.
cp. e.g. et al. |
Confer, compare
Compara, compare Exempli gratia, for the sake of example Et alii/aliae, and others (of people) |
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etc.
i.e. n.b. v.i. and v.s. |
et cetera, and others (of things)
id est, that is nota bene, note carefully vide infra and vide supra, see below and see above |
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Third Declension M/F
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Rex, Regis, regi, regem, rege
Reges, regum, regibus, reges, regibus |
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Third Declension Neuter
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Corpus, corporis, corpori, corpus, corpore
Corpora, corporum, corporibus, corpora, corporibus |
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Amor
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Amoris, m, love
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Carmen
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Carminis, n, song, poem
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Civitas
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Civitatis, f, state, citizenship
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Corpus
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Corporis, n, body
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Homo
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Hominis, m, human being, man
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Labor
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Laboris, m, labour, work, toil; a work, production
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Littera
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Litterae, f, a letter of the alphabet
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Litterae
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Literarum, f pl, a letter (epistle), literature
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Mos
|
Moris, m, habit, custom, manner
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Mores
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Morum, m pl, habits, morals, character
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Pax
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Pacis, f, peace
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Regina
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Reginae, f, queen
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Rex
|
Regis, m, king
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Tempus
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Temporis, n, time; occasion, opportunity
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Terra
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Terrae, f, earth, ground, land, country
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Uxor
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Uxoris, f, wife
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Virgo
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Virginis, f, maiden, virgin
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Virtus
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Virtutis, f, manliness, courage; excellence, character, worth, virtue
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Novus/a/um
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New; strange
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Audeo
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Audere, ausus sum, to dare
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Neco
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Necare, necavi, necatum, to murder, kill
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Sub
|
Prep + abl = with verbs of rest, + acc = with verbs of motion. Under, up under, close to
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Sol
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Solis, m, sun
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Cantaro
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Cantare, cantavi, cantatum, to sing
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Plebs
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Plebis, f, the common people
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Odi
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odisse, osurum, (defective), to hate
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Princeps
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Principis, m, chief, prince
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Durus/a/um
|
hard, harsh
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Honor
|
Honoris, m, honour, office
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Indignus/a/um
|
Unworthy
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Paries
|
Parietis, m, wall of a building
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Mors
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Mortis, f, death
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Natio
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Nationis, f, nation, people
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Servitus
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Servitutis, f, servitude, slavery
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Recuperatio
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Recuperationis, f, recovery
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Libertas
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Libertatis, f, liberty, freedom
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Mortalis
|
Mortalis, a mortal
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Quomodo
|
How
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Altissimis
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Abl pl, the highest
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Voluntas
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Voluntatis, f, will, wish
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Rapio
|
Rapere, rapui, raptum, to seize, snatch, carry away, rape
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Se
|
Herself
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Doctus/a/um
|
Learned, scholarly
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Tendo
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Tendere, tetendi, tensum, to stretch
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3rd Conjugation Present Indicative Active
|
Ago, agis, agit
Agimus, agitis, agunt |
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3rd Conjugation Future Indicative Active
|
Agam, ages, aget
Agemus, agetis, agent |
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3rd Conjugation Imperfect Indicative Active
|
Agebam, agebas, agebat
Agebamus, agebatis, agebant |
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3rd Conjugation Present Imperative Active
|
Age, agite
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Four Irregular 3rd Conjugation Imperatives
|
Dicere = Dic (speak!), Ducere = duc (lead!), Facere = fac (do!), Ferre = fer (bear!)
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Cicero
|
Ciceronis, m, (Marcus Tullius) Cicero
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Frater
|
Fratris, m, brother
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Laus
|
Laudis, f, praise, glory, fame
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Ratio
|
Rationis, f, reckoning, account; reason, judgement, consideration; system; manner, method
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Scriptor
|
Scriptoris, m, writer, author
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Soror
|
Sororis, f, sister
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Victoria
|
Victoriae, f, victory
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Dum
|
Conj, while, as long as, at the same time that, + subjunctive = until
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Numquam
|
Adv, never
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Tamen
|
Adv, nevertheless, still
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Ago
|
Agere, egi, actum, to drive, lead, do, act; pass, spend
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Gratias agere
|
+ dat, to thank somone, give thanks to
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Demonstro
|
Demonstrare, demonstravi, demonstratum, to point out, show, demonstrate
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Disco
|
Discere, didici, to learn
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Doceo
|
Docere, docui, doctum, to teach
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Duco
|
Ducere, duxi, ductum, to lead; consider, regard; prolong
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Gero
|
Gerere, gessi, gestum, to carry; carry on, manage, conduct, wage, accomplish, perform
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Scribo
|
Scribere, scripsi, scriptum, to write, compose
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Traho
|
Trahere, traxi, tractum, to draw, drag; derive, acquire
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Vinco
|
Vincere, vici, victum, to conquer, overcome
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Age, age
|
Come, come!
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Perdo
|
Perdere, perdidi, perditum, to destroy, ruin, lose
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Expono
|
Exponere, exposui, expositum, to set forth, explain, expose
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Error
|
Erroris, m, error
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Rectus/a/um
|
Right
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Iter
|
Itineris, n, road
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Eximius/a/um
|
Extraordinary
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Converto
|
Convertere, converti, conversum, to turn around, cause to turn
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Agamemnon
|
Agamemnonis, m, Agamemnon
|
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Auctor
|
Auctoris, m, author
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Caesar
|
Caesaris, m, Caesar
|
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Inter
|
Prep + acc = among
|
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|
Urbs
|
Urbis, f, city
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Declamo
|
Declamare, declamavi, declamatum, to declaim
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Troianus/a/um
|
Trojan
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Relego
|
Relegere, relegi, relectum, to reread
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Schola
|
Scholae, f, school
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|
Causa
|
Causae, f, cause, reason; case, situation
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|
|
Defendo
|
Defendere, defendi, defensum, to defend, protect
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Autem
|
Conj, however
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|
Necessarius/a/um
|
Necessary
|
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|
Monitor
|
Monitoris, m, an advisor
|
|
|
Amator
|
Amatoris, m, a lover
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|
|
Aut disce aut discede
|
Either learn or leave
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|
|
Causa + preceding gen.
|
for the sake of, on account of
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|
Declension of Ille
|
Singular
Ille, illa, illud Illius, illius, illius Illi, illi, illi Illum, illam, illud Illo, illa, illo Plural Illi, illae, illa Illorum, illarum, illorum Illis, illis, illis Illos, illas, illa Illis, illis, illis |
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|
Decelension of Hic
|
Singular
Hic, haec, hoc Huius, huius, huius Huic, huic, huic Hunc, hanc, hoc Hoc, hac, hoc Plural Hi, hae, haec Horum, harum, horum His, his, his Hos, has, haec His, his his |
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|
Declension of Iste
|
Singular
Iste, ista, istud Istius, istius, istius Isti, isti, isti Istum, istam, istud Isto, ista, isto Plural Isti, istae, ista Istorum, istarum, istorum Istis, istis, istis Istos, istas, ista Istis, istis, istis |
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|
UNUS NAUTA
|
These adjectives of the first and second declension are irregular in that their singular genitive ends in -ius and their singular dative ends in -i. They are otherwise the same.
Unus, one Nullus, no, none Ullus, any Solus, alone, only Neuter/neutra/neutrum, neither Alius/alia/aliud, another, other Uter/utra/utrum, either, which (of two) Totus, whole, entire Alter/altera/alterum, the other (of two) |
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|
Locus
|
Loci, m, place; passage in literature
|
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|
Loca
|
Locorum, n, places, region
|
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|
Loci
|
Locorum, m, passages in literature
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Morbus
|
Morbi, m, disease, sickness
|
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Studium
|
Studii, n, eagerness, zeal, pursuit, study
|
|
|
Hic, haec, hoc
|
this; the latter; at times weakened to he/she/it/they
|
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|
Ille, illa, illud
|
that; the former, the famous; he/she/it/they
|
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Iste, ista, istud
|
that of yours, that; such; sometimes with contemptous force
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Alius/a/ud
|
Other, another
|
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|
Alii...alii
|
some...others
|
|
|
Alter
|
Altera, alterum, the other (of two), second
|
|
|
Neuter
|
Neutra, neutrum, not either, neither
|
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|
Nullus/a/um
|
Not any, no, none
|
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|
Solus/a/um
|
Alone, only, the only
|
|
|
Non solum...sed etiam
|
Not only...but also
|
|
|
Totus/a/um
|
Whole, entire
|
|
|
Ullus/a/um
|
Any
|
|
|
Unus/a/um
|
One, single, alone
|
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|
Uter
|
Utra, utrum, either, which (of two)
|
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|
Enim
|
Postpositive conj, for, in fact, truly
|
|
|
Nimis
|
Adv. too, too much, excessively
|
|
|
Nimium
|
Adv, too, too much, excessively
|
|
|
Matrimonium
|
Matrimoniii, n, matrimony, marriage
|
|
|
Palma
|
Palmae, palm
|
|
|
Relevo
|
Relevare, relevavi, relevatum, to relieve, diminish, alleviate
|
|
|
Orbis
|
Orbis, m, circle, orb
|
|
|
Orbis terrarum
|
Idiom, the world
|
|
|
Eventus
|
Outcome
|
|
|
Miliens
|
Millions
|
|
|
Capto
|
Captare, captavi, captatum, to grab, seek to get, hunt for (legacies, etc)
|
|
|
Frugalitas
|
Frugalitatis, f, frugality
|
|
|
Paupertas
|
Paupertatis, f, small means, poverty, humble circumstances
|
|
|
Voluntarius/a/um
|
Voluntary
|
|
|
Tollo
|
Tollere, sustuli, sublatum, to raise, lift up; take away, remove, destroy
|
|
|
Excusatio
|
Excusationis, f, excuse
|
|
|
Nondum
|
Adv, not yet
|
|
|
Incipe
|
Imper, begin
|
|
|
Surgo
|
Surgere, surrexi, surrectum, to arise, stand up
|
|
|
Sedeo
|
Sedere, sedi, sessus, to sit
|
|
|
Ambulo
|
Ambulare, ambulavi, ambulatum, to walk
|
|
|
Apero
|
Aperire, to open
|
|
|
Claudo
|
Claudere, clausi, clausum, to close, shut
|
|
|
Declino
|
Declinare, to decline
|
|
|
Coniugo
|
Coniugare, to conjugate
|
|
|
Creta
|
Cretae, f, chalk
|
|
|
Erasura
|
Erasura, f, eraser
|
|
|
Stilus
|
Stili, m, pen or pencil (a stylus)
|
|
|
Tabula
|
Tabulae, f, chalkboard
|
|
|
Tabella
|
Tabellae, f, diminutive of tabula, a tablet, notebook, writing pad
|
|
|
Ianua
|
Ianuae, f, door
|
|
|
Fenestra
|
Fenestrae, f, window
|
|
|
Cella
|
Cellae, f, room
|
|
|
Sella
|
Sellae, f, chair
|
|
|
Mensa
|
Mensae, f, table
|
|
|
Podium
|
Podii, n, podium
|
|
|
4th Conjugation Present Indicative Active
|
Audio, audis, audit
Audimus, auditis, audiunt |
|
|
4th Conjugation Future Indicative Active
|
Audiam, audies, audiet
Audiemus, audietis, audient |
|
|
4th Conjugation Imperfect Indicative Active
|
Audiebam, audiebas, audiebat
Audiebamus, audiebatis, audiebant |
|
|
3rd Conjugation -io Verbs Present Indicative Active
|
Capio, capis, capit
Capimus, capitis, capiunt |
|
|
3rd Conjugation -io Verbs Future Indicative Active
|
Capiam, capies, capiet
Capiemus, capietis, capient |
|
|
3rd Conjugation -io Verbs Imperfect Indicative Active
|
Capiebam, capiebas, capiebat
Capiebamus, capiebatis, capiebant |
|
|
Cupiditas
|
Cupiditatis, f, desire, longing, passion; cupidity, avarice
|
|
|
Hora
|
Horae, f, hour, time
|
|
|
Natura
|
Naturae, f, nature
|
|
|
Senectus
|
Senectutis, f, old age
|
|
|
Timor
|
Timoris, m, fear
|
|
|
Veritas
|
Veritatis, f, truth
|
|
|
Via
|
Viae, f, way, road, street
|
|
|
Voluptas
|
Voluptatis, f, pleasure
|
|
|
Quoniam
|
Conj, since, inasmuch as
|
|
|
Audio
|
Audire, audivi, auditum, to hear, listen to
|
|
|
Capio
|
Capere, cepi, captum, to take, capture, seize, get
|
|
|
Facio
|
Facere, feci, factum, to make, do, accomplish
|
|
|
Fugio
|
Fugere, fugi, fugiturum, to flee, hurry away; escape; go into exile; avoid, shun
|
|
|
Venio
|
Venire, veni, ventum, to come
|
|
|
Invenio
|
Invenire, inveni, inventum, to come upon, find
|
|
|
Vivo
|
Vivere, vixi, victum, to live
|
|
|
Incipio
|
Incipere, incepi, inceptum, to begin, commence
|
|
|
Musa
|
Musae, f, Muse
|
|
|
Corona
|
Coronae, f, crown
|
|
|
Memor
|
Memoris, adj, mindful
|
|
|
Occasio
|
Occasionis, f, opportunity
|
|
|
Interea
|
Adv, meanwhile
|
|
|
Fatum
|
Fati, n, fate
|
|
|
Ordo
|
Ordinis, m, rank
|
|
|
Obsequium
|
Obsequii, n, compliance
|
|
|
Pario
|
Parere, peperi, partum, to beget, produce
|
|
|
Odium
|
Odii, n, hate
|
|
|
Comparo
|
Comparare, comparavi, comparatum, to compare
|
|
|
Melius
|
better
|
|
|
Malo
|
Malle, malui, to want (something) more, instead; prefer
|
|
|
Incertus/a/um
|
Uncertain
|
|
|
Auditor
|
Auditoris, m, auditor, listener
|
|
|
Auditio
|
Auditionis, f, listening, hearing
|
|
|
Dictio
|
Dictionis, f, (the act of) speaking, public speaking
|
|
|
First Person Pronouns
|
Ego, mei, mihi, me, me
Nos, nostrum/nostri, nobis, nos, nobis |
|
|
Second Person Pronouns
|
Tu, tui, tibi, te, te
Vos, vestrum/vestri, vobis, vos, vobis |
|
|
Third Person Pronoun
|
Is, ea, id
Eius, eius, eius Ei, ei, ei Eum, eam, id Eo, ea, eo Ei/ii, eae, ea Eorum, earum, eorum Eis, eis, eis Eos, eas, ea Eis, eis, eis |
|
|
Using Pronouns
|
- The Romans used pronouns in the nominative only when they wished to stress the subject
- When cum is used with the ablative of pronouns, it is normally attached to them. I.e.: eos nobiscum ibi invenies. - The genitives of ego and tu were not used to indicate possession, instead possessive pronominal adjectives were used - Is, ea, id were very commonly used as genitives, to the point it is often better to simply translated them as possessive. Thus, eius = his/her/its and eorum/earum/eorum = their |
|
|
Is, Ea, Id as Demonstratives
|
Is, ea, id could sometimes be used as weaker forms of hic or ille, translated as this/these or that/those. In general, translate them this way when you find it immediately preceding and modifying a noun (in the same number, gender, and case)
|
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Idem, Eadem, Idem Declension
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Idem, eadem, idem
Eiusdem, eiusdem, eiusdem Eidem, eidem, eidem Eundem, eandem, idem Eodem, eadem, eodem Eidem/idem, eaedem, eadem Eorundem, earundem, eorundem Eisdem, eisdem, eisdem Eosdem, easdem, eadem Eisdem, eisdem, eisdem |
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Caput
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Capitis, n, head; leader; beginning; life; heading; chapter
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Consul
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Consulis, m, consul
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Nemo
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Nullius, nemini, neminem, nullo or nulla, m or f, no one, nobody
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Ego
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Mei, I
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Tu
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Tui, you
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Is, ea, id
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this, that; he, she, it
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Idem, eadem, idem
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the same
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Amicus/a/um
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Friendly
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Carus/a/um
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Dear, sometimes expensive
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Quod
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Conj, because
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Intellego
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Intellegere, intellexi, intellectum, to understand
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Mitto
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Mittere, misi, missum, to send, let go
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Sentio
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Sentire, sensi, sensum, to feel, perceive, think, experience
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Rostra
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Rostrorum, n, the Rostra, speaker's platform
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Senatus
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Senatus, m, senate
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Designo
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Designare, designavi, designatum, to designate, appoint
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Aperte
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Adv. openly
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Missor
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Missoris, m, shooter (lit. a sender)
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Missio
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Missionis, f, release from captivity, liberation, discharge, dismissal, mission
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Rostrum
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Rostri, n, the beak of a ship
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Present Active Indicatve Conjugation
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Laudavi
Laudavisti Laudavit Laudavimus Laudavistis Laudaverunt Egi Egisti Egit Egimus Egistis Egerunt |
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Pluperfect Active Indicative Conjugation
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Laudaveram
Laudaveras Laudaverat Laudaveramus Laudaveratis Laudaverant |
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Future Perfect Active Indicative Conjugation
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Laudavero
Laudaveris Laudaverit Laudaverimus Laudaveritis Laudaverint |
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Translating the Perfect Tense
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Perfect: one single completed event (i.e. he warned his friend once) or an event that is completed but affects the present (i.e he/we has/have warned his friend, and so his friend is now prepared)
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Adulescens
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Adulescentis, m/f, young man/young woman
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Annus
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Anni, m, year
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Asia
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Asiae, f, Asia (in particular Asia Minor)
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Mater
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Matris, f, mother
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Medicus
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Medici, m, doctor, physician
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Medica
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Medicae, f, doctor, physician
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Pater
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Patris, m, father
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Patientia
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Patientiae, f, suffering; patience, endurance
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Principium
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Principii, n, beginning
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Acerbus/a/um
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Harsh, bitter, grievous
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Pro
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Prep + abl = in front of, before, on behalf of, for the sake of, in return for, instead of, for, as
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Diu
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Adv, long, for a long time
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Nuper
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Adv, recently
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Amitto
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Amittere, amisi, amissum, to lose, let go
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Cado
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Cadere, cecidi, casurum, to fall
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Triumphus
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Triumphi, m, triumphal procession
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Praefero
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Praeferre, praetuli, praelatum, to display
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Titulus
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Tituli, m, placard
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Senex
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Senis, m, old man
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Hui
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Interjection, whee!
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Pulchre
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Adv, adv of pulcher
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Vere
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Adv, from verus
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Libere
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Adv, from liber
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Sophocles
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Sophoclis, m, the famous Athenian playwright
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Summus/a/um
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Extreme
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Tragoedia
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Tragoediae, f, tragedy
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Profundo
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Profundere, profudi, profusum, to pour forth
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A
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A + abl = from
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Di manes
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Spirits of the dead, protectors of the deceased
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Menses
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Months
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Dies
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Days
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Vespillo
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vespillonis, m, undertaker
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Rideo
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Ridere, risi, risum, to laugh, laugh at, smile
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Reflexive 1st Person Pronouns
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Mei Mihi Me Me - Nostri Nobis Nos Nobis |
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Reflexive 2nd Person Pronouns
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Tui Tibi Te Te - Vestri Vobis Vos Vobis |
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Reflexive 3rd Person Pronouns
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Sui Sibi Se Se - Sui Sibi Se Se |
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Reflexive Possessives
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The first and second person are identical with the regular possessives: meus, tuus, noster, vester
Third Person = Suus, sua, suum. Be careful to distinguish this from eius, eorum, earum. Keep in mind that as an adjective it will match the gender, case, and number of the noun it modifies but in English it still must be translated to reflect the gender and number of the subject it refer back to. |
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Declension of Ipse
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Ipse, ipsa, ipsum
Ipsius, ipsius, ipsius Ispi, ipsi, ipsi Ipsum, ispam, ispum Ipso, ipsa, ipso Ipsi, ipsae, ipsa Ipsorum, ipsarum, ipsorum Ipsis, ipsis, ipsis Ipsos, ipsas, ipsa Ipsis, ipsis, ipsis |
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Divitiae
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Divitiarum, f pl, riches, wealth
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Factum
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Facti, n, deed, act, achievement
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Signum
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Signi, n, sign, signal, indication; seal
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Ipse, ipsa, ipsum
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Intensive pronoun, myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, etc, the very, the actual
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Quisque or quidque
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Genitive = Cuiusque, Dative = Cuique, Indefinite pronoun, each one, each person, each thing
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Sui
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Reflexive pronoun of 3rd person, himself, herself, itself, themselves
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Fortunatus/a/um
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Lucky, fortunate, happy
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Suus, sua, suum
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Reflexive possessive adj of 3rd pers, his own, her own, its own, their own
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Nam
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Conj, for
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Ante
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Prep + acc = before (in place or time), in front of; adv, before, previously
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Per
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Prep + acc = through; with reflexive pronoun = by; per or pel = prefix meaning through, through and through, thoroughly; completely, very
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Olim
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Adv, at that time, once, formerly; in the future
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Alo
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Alere, alui, altum, to nourish, support, sustain, increase; cherish
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Diligo
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Diligere, dilexi, dilectum, to esteem, love
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Iungo
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Iungere, iunxi, iunctum, to join
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Sto
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Stare, steti, statum, to stand, stand still (or stand firm)
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Contendo
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Contendere, contendi, contentum, to strive, struggle, contend, hasten
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Eques
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Equitis, m, horseman
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Recognosco
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Recognoscere, recognovi, recognitum, to recognize
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Sapiens
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Sapientis, m, wise man, philosopher
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Emendo
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Emendare, emendavi, emendatum, to correct, emend
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Recedo
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Recedere, recessi, recessum, to go back, retire, recede, withdraw
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Tumulus
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Tumuli, m, tomb, grave
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Achilles
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Achillis, m, Achilles
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Homerus
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Homeri, m, Homer
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Laudator
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Laudatoris, f, one who praises
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Ilias
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Iliadis, f, Iliad
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Obruo
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Obruere, obrui, obrutum, to overwhelm, destroy, bury
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Pythagoras
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Pythagorae, m, Pythagoras
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Disputatio
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Disputationis, f, argument, debate
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Altus, a, um
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High
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Equus
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Equi, m, horse
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Ipso facto
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By that very fact
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Ipso iure
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By the law itself
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Res ipsa loquitur
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the matter speaks for itself
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Sui generis
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of his/her/its own kind
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