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295 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Zeus (Greek)
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Jupiter (Roman)
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Hera (Gr)
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Juno (Ro)
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Hades (Gr)
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Pluto (Ro)
Dis (meaning wealth) |
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Poseidon (Gr)
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Neptune (Ro)
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Hestia (Gr)
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Vesta (Ro)
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Hephaestus (Gr)
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Vulcan (Ro)
Mulciber |
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Hermes (Gr)
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Mercury (Ro)
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Ares (Gr)
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Mars (Ro)
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Apollo (Gr)
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Apollo (Ro)
Pheobus |
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Athena (Gr)
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Minerva (Ro)
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Artemis (Gr)
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Diana (Ro)
Phoebe |
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Aphrodite (Gr)
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Venus (Ro)
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Demeter (Gr)
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Ceres (Ro)
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Zeus+ Metis=
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Athena (Minerva) Goddess of Wisdom
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Gatekeepers of Mt. Olympus
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3 Horae (3 Seasons)
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in charge of man's fate
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3 Parcae (3 fates)
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ladies in waiting to Aphrodite
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3 Graces
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Zeus+ Demeter (Ceres)=
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Persephone
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Zeus+ Mnemosyne (Memory)=
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Nine Muses
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attendants of Apollo
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Nine Muses
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Zeus+ Leto=
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Artemis (Diana) & Apollo
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Zeus+ Hera=
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Ares (Mars) &
Hephaestus (Vulcan) & Hebe (cupbearer to the gods) & Eileithyia (Lucina)-goddess of childbirth |
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Zeus+ Semele (mortal)=
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Dionysus (Bacchus)
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Zeus+ Maia (May)
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Hermes (Mercury)
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Zeus+ Dione=
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Aphrodite (Venus)
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Zeus+ Alcmene (mortal)=
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Hercules
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political administration.
supreme ruler. god of rain/cloud-gather married to Hera |
Zeus/Jupiter's area of domain
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protector of marriage.
guardian of marriage/women/family life goddess of stars married to Zeus |
Hera/Juno's area of domain
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ruler of the dead/underworld
god of wealth married to Persephone |
Hades/Pluto/Dis's area of domain
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rule of the sea
married to Amphitrite made horses seafaring earth-shaker |
Poseidon/Neptune's area of domain
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goddess of the hearth
goddess of home/homefire virgin goddess |
Hestia/Vesta's area of domain
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god of fire.
limping god workman of immortals patron of handicrafts (smiths) Mt. Etna god of healing/prophecy married to Aphrodite |
Hephaestus/Vulcan's area of domain
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Zeus's messenger
master thief god of commerce & market god of gambling protector of traders |
Hermes/Mercury's area of domain
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god of war.
lover of Aphrodite |
Ares/Mars's area of domain
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archer god & healer
god of light & truth sun god prophecy/medicine/music/herds/flocks/truth/civilizations |
Apollo's area of domain
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battle-goddess
goddess of the city/civilized life/wisdom/handicrafts/agriculture virgin goddess patron of weaving |
Athena/Minerva's area of domain
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lady of wild things
animal husbandry huntsman-in-chief protector of youth virgin goddess moon goddess |
Artemis/Diana's area of domain
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goddess of love & beauty
laughter-loving goddess wife of Hephaestus |
Aphrodite's area of domain
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goddess of agriculture
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Demeter/Ceres's area of domain
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god of wine
replaces Hestia |
Dionysus/Bacchus's area of domain
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Eileithyia
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Lucina.
goddess of childbearing |
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home of the gods
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Mt. Olympus (in Thessaly)
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food of the gods
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ambrosia
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drink of the gods
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nectar
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Iris
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goddess of the rainbow & messenger of the gods
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Ganymede
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Trojan prince seized by Zeus disguised as an eagle & replaced Hebe as cupbearer to the gods
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Hebe
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Original cupbearer to gods
Zeus/Hera's daughter |
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myth
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anonymous stories
early science (explain nature) pure entertainment early literature |
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fable
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brief tale (told in verse/prose)
point to moral/teach a lesson characters typically animals |
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legend
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narrative handed down from past
more historical than supernatural |
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epic
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long narrative poem written in a highly sustained and elaborate style, dealing with the adventures of 1 central heroic character, whose deeds shape the fate of a nation.
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characteristics of an epic
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1. 1 central heroic character
2. epic catalogue (who's who & what's what) 3. intervention of supernatural 4. description of warfare/battle 5. Epic (Homeric) simile 6. statement of the epic purpose & invocation to the Muses 7. in medias res (in the midst of things) |
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Pontus
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son of Gaea
personified the form of the seas seas |
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Charon
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son of Erebus & Nyx (Darkness & Night)
brother to Day & Light boatman of the Underworld |
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Cerberus
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3 headed, dragon tailed, dog.
permits spirits to enter & none to leave |
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Acheron
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river of woe
Underworld river |
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Styx
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river of the unbreakable oath by which the gods swear
Underworld river |
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Lethe
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river of forgetfulness
runs through the Elysian Fields Underworld river |
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Tartarus
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region of the underworld
existed initially with Chaos, Gaea, and Eros |
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Elysian Fields
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region of the underworld
good place where good people go |
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Chaos
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existed initially with Gaea, Eros, and Tartarus.
produced Night (Nyx) & Darkness (Erebus) |
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Night (Nyx) & Darkness (Erebus)
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daughter & son of Chaos
produced Day (Hermea) & Light (Aether) produced Charon (boatman to underworld) |
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unifying elements
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Eros & Gaea
existed initially with Tartarus & Chaos |
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Gaea
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earth
Produced Uranus (universe) & Pontus (seas) & Ourea (mountains) also produced children with Uranus |
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Uranus
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universe
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Ourea
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mountains
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Uranus & Gaea
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produced 12 Titans & 3 Cyclopes & 3 Hecatoncheires (Centimani)
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Hecatoncheires
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Centimani
100 handed ones 1 body, 2 legs, 50 faces, 100 arms/hands |
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Cronus/Chronus
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Titan.
killed Uranus married Rhea |
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Death of Uranus
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3 Furies
3 Giants Melic Nymphs (Ash tree) Aphrodite |
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Cronus & Rhea
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Produced Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Zeus
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Zeus & Hera
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Produced Hebe, Ares, Hephaestus, Eileithyia
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3 Furies
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tormented souls of evil doers in the Underworld.
sprang up from Uranus' blood |
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3 Fates
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givers of good & evil. one spun thread of life. one assigned men's destinies. one cut thread at life's end
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Graiae
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3 gray women with one eye
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Gorgons
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dragonlike creatures with wings. had snakes for hair. look turned folk to stone
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Centaurs
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half man & half horse
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Sirens
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enchanting voiced women who lured sailors to their deaths
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Aeolus
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king of the winds
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Saturn
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Roman name of Chronus
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Janus
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god of good beginnings
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Fauns
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Roman version of satyrs
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Satyrs
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goat-men. goat's horns & hooves/legs
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Pan
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god of goatherds & shepherds
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Minos
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king of Crete.
judge of the underworld |
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Sileni
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part man, part horse. horses' hooves, not feet. sometimes horses' ears. always horses' tails
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Eros (Amor) 2nd one
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Son of Aphrodite & Ares. god of love
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Hesiod
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Greek writer.
wrote Works & Days wrote Theogeny (origins of the gods) |
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Eros (Amor) 1st one
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existed initially with Gaea, Tartarus, and Chaos
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nymphs
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nature spirits (Dryads, Naiads, Oceanids etc). ocean/river/trees/etc.
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3 virgin goddesses
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Artemis
Hestia Athena |
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Jupiter (Ro)
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Zeus (Gr)
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Juno (Ro)
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Hera (Gr)
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Pluto (Ro)
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Hades (Gr)
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Neptune (Ro)
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Poseidon (Gr)
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Vesta (Ro)
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Hestia (Gr)
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Vulcan (Ro)
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Hephaestus (Gr)
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Mercury (Ro)
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Hermes (Gr)
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Mars (Ro)
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Ares (Gr)
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Ceres (Ro)
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Demeter (Gr)
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Venus (Ro)
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Aphrodite (Gr)
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Diana (Ro)
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Artemis (Gr)
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Minerva (Ro)
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Athena (Gr)
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Apollo (Ro)
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Apollo (Gr)
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war of the titans
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Titanomachy
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3 different groups born to Uranus and Gaea
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Centimani
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which of the groups born to Uranus and Gaea was imprisoned by Uranus
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Centimani
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who killed Uranus and how?
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Cronus with a sickle
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3 groups which sprang up from Uranus' blood
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Furies
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Cronus' wife
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Rhea (Gr)
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Cronus (Gr)
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Saturn/Saturnus (Ro)
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who fought on the side of Zeus and his family
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River Styx & kids
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after the war of the titans
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this monster was born to Gaea
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3 battles Zeus and his family fought
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Titanomachy-war of the titans
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holds the heavens on his shoulders
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Atlas
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meaning of Prometheus
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forethought
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meaning of Epimetheus
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afterthought/hindsight
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entrusted with making animals
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Prometheus
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gift Prometheus gave to man
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fire
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another account of who made man
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the gods
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5 ages of men
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golden
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4 reasons Zeus doesn't like Prometheus
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*gave men fire
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*tricked Zeus into choosing fat/bones for sacrifices
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while men get meat.
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what did Zeus make for mankind?
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an evil (woman).
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who was presented with Zeus's gift?
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Prometheus (offered & refused)
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Pandora was given this
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a box of good & evil
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what happened to Prometheus
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chained to Caucasus Mts. where an eagle ate his liver daily.
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who was sent to Prometheus when he was chained up
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Hermes-to find out the mother of son who could overthrow Zeus
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who freed Prometheus
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Hercules
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who ordered & sent the great flood
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Zeus ordered
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what part of the earth was not covered in water
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Mt. Parnassus
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who survived the flood
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Deucalion & Pyrrha
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who helped them survive
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Prometheus
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how did they repopulate the earth
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threw stones behind them
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how long did it rain to cause the flood?
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9 days & nights
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war of the giants
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Gigantomachy
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2 most useful gods
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Demeter & Dionysus
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why is the divinity representing corn & the harvest represented as a goddess?
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care of the fields was a woman´s responsibility
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Demeter´s festival occurred
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once every five years in Sept. (harvest time)
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maiden of spring
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Persephone (Prosepine)
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Prosepine´s parents
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Zeus & Demeter
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Dionysus´ wife
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Ariadne (princess of Crete-daughter of king Minos)
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fate of Dionysus´s mom
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burned up when she asked/saw Zeus in god-form
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Dionysus´ wife´s honor post death
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wreath he gave her placed in the stars (pleiades)
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followers of Dionysus
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Maenads/Bacchantes/Bacchae/Bacchants
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mortals´view of Dionysus
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D=good & bad like alcohol was good & bad
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festival of Dionysus occurred
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in the spring for 5 days
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festival of Dionysus celebrated
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by performing & watching plays & poetry
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caduceus
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staff carried by Mercury as escort of the dead to underworld.
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thyrus
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staff tipped with a pine cone & sometimes twined with ivy/vine branches.
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sparagmos
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ritualized cutting up/dismemberment of a living animal used in a sacrifice
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omophagy
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eating of raw flesh
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Eleusian (Eleusis) Mysteries
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sacred/secret religious rites of Demeter
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Bacchanalia (Liberalia)
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religious rites of Dionysus
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Thiasus
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religious group/congregation
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Dionysiac religious practices
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A) estastic spiritual release (via drinking/sex)-->trance
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Sons of Iapetus & Asia
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Prometheus
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Wife of Prometheus
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Clymene
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wife of Epimetheus
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Pandora
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Son of Prometheus & Clymene
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Deucalion
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Daughter of Epimetheus & Pandora
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Pyrrha
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parents of mankind
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Deucalion & Pyrrha
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Dionysia
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3 plays (tragedies) then satyr play (mock mythological character)
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First to describe creation
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Hesiod
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genius
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inner nature/character
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Campe
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keeper of the keys to Tartarus. slayed by Zeus
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emetic
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vomit inducing substance
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father of gods and men
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Zeus
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Mt. Parnassus
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area not submerged in flood where Deucalion/Pyrrha landed
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retreats of the gods
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Ethiopia & land of the Hyperboreans
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earth on Greeks´map
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flat circular disk surrounded by Oceanus (job to keep things together).
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North & South hemispheres-connected
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but Mediterrean Sea & Black Sea narrow the connection
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Boreas on Greeks´map
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land of the north wind
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Tartarus on Greeks´map
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underside of disk
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Cimereans on Greeks´map
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race of ppl.
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which god loved Io
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Zeus
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how did Zeus appear to Io?
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wrapped in clouds to hid from Hera. i.e. as a dark cloud
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who suspected Zeus was up to something when a dark cloud covered the earth?
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Hera
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What did Hera discover when she came to earth to investigate the cloud?
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Zeus & a white heifer (female cow
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Did Hera or Zeus end up with the cow when Hera discovered Zeus with it?
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Hera
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Who guarded Io?
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Argus
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describe Argus
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had 100 eyes which all didn't sleep at the same time
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what did Zeus plan to do to Argus?
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kill him to steal Io
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Who carried out Zeus' plan involving Io/Argus? How
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Hermes-lull Argus to sleep by telling stories & kill him. disguised as a country man
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What story lulled all of Argus' eyes to sleep?
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story of Pan & Syrinx.
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what instrument was invented in the story of Pan & Syrinx?
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pipe of reeds-syrinx. aka pan pipes
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how did the peacock get eyes at the end of its tail-feathers?
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Hera put slain Argus' eyes there
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What did Hera do to Io cuz of Argus' death?
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sent a gad-fly to bug her
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who did Io encounter in her wanderings?
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Prometheus
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what did Prometheus tell Io?
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that she'd wander until Zeus restored her to human form at the Nile
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who was the most famous descendant of Zeus/Io?
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Hercules
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What places were named in honor of Io?
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Ionian Sea
Bosphorus straits-ford of the cow |
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What was Europa's bad dream?
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2 continents were fighting over her & trying to possess her. Asia & unnamed continent (Europe)
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what does Europa do after her bad dream?
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pick flowers with friends/not go back to sleep
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from whom did Europa get her gold flower-picking basket?
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Hephaestus made it
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Describe Europa's gold flower-picking basket
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gold with Io's story carved on it.
journey as cow. death of Argus. turning human. etc. |
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who caused Zeus to fall in love with Europa?
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Cupid-shot him with arrow
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how did Zeus appear to Europa?
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as a bull (chestnut or white)
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where was Hera in Europa's story?
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away
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how does Europa interact with white bull & his response?
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she got on his back & he ran
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where did Zeus take Europa?
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Crete
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what area of the world did Zeus/Europa cross?
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Europe
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who were 2 famous sons of Zeus/Europa? & what are they famous for?
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Minos/Rhadamanthus
judges of the dead |
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all monstrous life forms first created that fought against the Olympians had been banished from earth except for one group. which one?
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Cyclopes
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What became of the Cyclopes
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worked for Hephaestus
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most famous Cyclopes
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Polyphemus
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who encountered Polyphemus after the Trojan War?
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Odysseus
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how many men came into Polyphemus' cave?
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12
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what happened to 6 of the 12 men who came into Polyphemus' cave?
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Polyphemus ate them
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what plan did Odysseus devise to escape?
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blind Polyphemus & cling to underside of sheeps
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in another Polyphemus story, who is his daddy?
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Poseidon
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where did Polyphemus live?
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Sicily
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whom did Polyphemus love?
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Galatea-sea nymph
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did Polyphemus ever get eyesight back?
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yes-in some stories
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did Polyphemus ever love anyone else?
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no
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did Galatea ever marry Polyphemus?
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no. she loved Acis
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what happened to Acis?
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Polyphemus kills him
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according to the myth of Persephone
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who created the flower known as the narcissus & why?
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what color was the narcissus?
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purple/silver
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Narcissus is a handsome young man loved by all the girls. did he ever return their love?
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no
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who loved Narcissus the most?
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Echo
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Echo was a favorite of which goddess?
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Artemis
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what was Echo's personality?
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chatty mc-chatterton
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who became angered at Echo & why?
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Hera-Echo distracted her from searching for Zeus' mistress
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what did Hera do to Echo?
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made her only talk when repeating others
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what finally happened to Echo?
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faded away until just a voice
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who caused Narcissus to fall in love with his reflection?
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Nemesis-goddess of avenge-ment (daughter of night)
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what happened to Narcissus?
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pined away til dead.
water nymphs made flower |
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Hyacinth was a companion of which god?
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Apollo
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How was Hyacinth accidentally killed?
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struck by discus
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who is potentially responsible for Hyacinth's death?
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Zephyr-the west wind
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which two goddesses loved Adonis?
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Aphrodite & Persephone
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who had to interceding to stop the quarreling over Adonis?
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Zeus
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what was the agreement over Adonis?
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Persephone get him fall & winter
Aphrodite get him spring/summer |
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what happened to Adonis?
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killed by boar
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when drops of Adonis' blood fell upon the earth, what flower sprang up?
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crimson anemone
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purpose of story of Io (5)
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*Pan & Syrinx-tell origin of reed pipes
*tells how peacock got eyes on tail *tells origin of name of Bosphorus Straits *tells origin of name of Ionian Sea *Sets up Heracles's heritage |
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purpose of story of Europa (3)
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*tells origin of Europe's name *why bull worship was established in Crete *where 2/3 of underworld judges came from |
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purpose of story of Polythemus
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*tells why Poseidon's mad at Odysseus
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purpose of flower myths
(specifically Narcissus) |
*explain how these flowers came about
*psychological term *explain echo |
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who told Cupid's/Psyche's tale? what book is it told in?
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Apuleius. Metamorphosis
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parents of Cupid
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Venus & Mars
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who were Psyche's 'rents
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king & queen
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how many sisters did Psyche have?
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2
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what attribute did Psyche possess?
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great beauty
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whom did Psyche offend with her great beauty & why?
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Venus-ppl. forgot her
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who did Venus ask for help
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Cupid-her son
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what was Venus' plan for Cupid to do to Psyche?
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make her fall in love with worst/ugliest man
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what became of Venus' plan for Psyche?
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Cupid didn't shoot her (fell in love with her) so no one fell in love with her
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what happens to Psyche's sisters?
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married well-old kings of nearby kingdoms
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what does Psyche's dad do when Psyche is unwed?
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seeks out advice of Apollo's oracle
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who did Cupid speak to about Psyche?
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Apollo
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what did Apollo have his oracle tell the king?
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leave daughter on hill for "serpent" cuz it's her fate
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what happens to Psyche in regards to her fate?
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she's taken to hill & left.
taken to mansion |
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who first calms Psyche's fears?
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Zephyr-west wind
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when does Psyche's hubby first appear?
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at night
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was Psyche ever afraid of her husband?
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yes-on first night prior to meeting.
after sisters visit |
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what is the danger Cupid warns Psyche of?
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her sisters-they will lead to ruin of Psyche & pain of hubby
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what does Cupid do to eliminate Psyche's sorrow?
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let the sisters visit
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what warning does Cupid give Psyche?
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don't talk about hubby. sisters will lead to sorrow & ruin.
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how do Psyche's sisters find her?
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west wind carries them to her
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how do Psyche's sisters react when they first see her?
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joy/tears/hugs
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how do Psyche's sister's react when they leave?
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jealous
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what does Psyche tell her sisters about her hubby?
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contradictory descriptions of how he looks. *young/hunter *middle age-trader |
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what warning is given to Psyche by her sisters?
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her hubby is evil snake who will eat her
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how does Psyche react to sister's warning?
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asks for their help
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what is the advice given to Psyche by sisters?
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look at hubby & kill him
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what does Psyche do in regards to killing hubby?
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looks at him & is sad due to her unfaithfulness & spills oil on him
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what does Cupid do after he gets oil on him?
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runs away to mommy
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what does Psyche learn from Cupid?
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love cannot live where there is no trust
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what does Psyche decide to do after Cupid leaves?
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search for him & try to get divine help
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where does Cupid go & why?
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to mom's home at Mt. Olympus for treatment
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what does Venus do when Cupid shows up?
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treat him grudgingly.
lock him up look for Psyche |
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why did all the gods & goddesses refuse to help Psyche?
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want to stay on Venus' good side
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what is Psyche determined to do?
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offer self as Venus' servant
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what does Venus tell Psyche when they first meet?
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Psyche is so ugly & unworthy of marriage that she needs to work/be trained
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what are the 4 tasks Venus has Psyche do?
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1. sort mixed pile of seeds into separate piles 2. get golden wool from fierce sheep 3. get water from River Styx 4. get box of beauty from Persephone in underworld |
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who helps Psyche with each task?
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1. seeds-ants
2. wool-talking reed 3. water-eagle 4. box of beauty-talking tower |
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what is Psyche's mood when faced with each task?
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I can do this
I give up someone helps-I can do this |
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how does Venus react to Psyche's completion of tasks
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angrily
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on the way back from the fourth task was does Psyche do & what happens to her?
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open box & Sleep makes her fall asleep
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who rescued Psyche?
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Cupid
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what does Cupid do when he finds Psyche?
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wakes her & gets Jupiter's help
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what does Jupiter do with Cupid's request
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makes Psyche immortal
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why does Venus like Jupiter's solution to Psyche?
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Psyche not on earth
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what is given to Psyche to make her immortal?
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ambrosia
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what does Psyche mean?
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soul
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purpose of Cupid & Psyche?
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tell that love & soul can't exist without the other
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what was Psyche's undoing?
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unfaithfulness
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characterize Psyche?
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-tries to prove faithfulness to Cupid by searching for him -tries to kill self several times, but others intervene -revengefully gets sisters to jump off cliff -gives up in each task, but outside help either does work or tells her how to do work |
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daughter of Cupid/Psyche
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Pleasure
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apotheosis
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process of a mortal becoming a god
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animal symbol of Psyche
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butterfly
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ancients' attitude toward nature of women: negative
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Negative:
-causes problem-not own fault/doing -disobedient/unfaithful -gives up/tries to kill self -revenge on sisters -curiosity-looks at Cupid & looks in box -gossiping about hubby w/ sisters & listens to them -stubborn willfulness-spoil a good thing. have to see sisters |
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ancients' attitude toward nature of women: positive
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positive: -determination: attempts to tackle tasks -loves hubby-searches for him -willing to admit she made mistake & make amends -goes to underworld on task to get hubby back |
