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55 Cards in this Set
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Concilar Movement |
Church council (before Schism). In Paris argued that church should not own land and should not be subordinate to the state. |
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John Wyclif |
An english theologian argued that scriptures alone should not be standard of Christian beliefs and practices. |
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Jan Hus |
A Czech priest in Prague was influenced by Wyclif, criticized the moral failings of the clergy, and was burned at the stake. |
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pluralism |
was like "double dipping", getting a title for two or even three jobs, getting paid for all, but only doing one. |
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Benefices |
church offices |
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Indulgences |
the full or partial remission of sins provided by the church from the treasury of Ment based on the sacrifice of Christ and the saints. |
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Marian Devotion |
rose to venerate and imitate Mary the mother of Jesus. |
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Ave Maria |
(Hail Mary) a prayer invoking Mother Mary. |
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Rosary |
a string of prayer beads used to count prayers. |
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Stations of the Cross |
Churches/cathedrals began adding these to illustrate the story of Jesus. |
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"Brethen of the Common Life" |
from Holland, a group of pious laypeople, who led a life of simplicity while carrying out the ethical ideas of the bible. Which included feeding the hungry, clothing the poor, and visiting the sick. |
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The Imitation of Christ |
By Thomas Kempis, it became popular with laypeople. It urged Christians to take Christ as their model today, and seek simplicity. |
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Martin Luther |
born in Germany, son of a Copper Miner. went to school to become a lawyer, after scary storm vowed to be a friar. When visiting Rome he was repulsed by scandal. Got doctorate in theology and taught at University of Wittenberg. |
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Nepotism |
to give important jobs in the Church to your relatives. |
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works |
appeal to saints, relics, confession, pilgrimages, indulgences, flagellation, many sacraments. |
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Albert |
Archbishop of Magdeburg. Also an administrator of See of Halberstadt, and had been appointed Archbishop to Mainz. To hold all three offices he had to get papal permission. |
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Pope Leo X |
He was trying to finish St. Peters Basilica, he was willing to sell the offices (simony) to Albert. |
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John Tetzel |
A dominican friar, hired by Albert, his coined slogan was "As soon as coin in coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs". |
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Ninety-Five Theses on the Power Of Indulgences |
Written by Martin Luther, it was supposed to be an academic debate. Luther argued that there was no biblical basis for indulgences. |
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Diet |
assembly of estates of empire. |
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Duke Frederick of Saxony |
Slipped Martin Luther, and protected him in one of his castles. |
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Protestantism |
from "protest" it would become the umbrella term for non-catholic Christians except Orthodox. Worked on by Martin Luther. |
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On Christian Liberty |
Luther wrote "A Christian man is the most free lord of all and subject to none". |
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Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation |
written by Luther, urged the nobles to confiscate Catholic Church's farmlands, wealthy monasteries, &shrines, abolish indulgences, dispensations, pardons (which sent money from Germany to Rome, &appeal to German patriotism). |
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"death tax" |
from the peasants, the nobles created this to take best cow or horse. |
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Admonition to Peace |
in this Luther states that "nothing justified the use of armed force. The fact that rulers are unjust and wicked does not excuse rebellion". |
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Against the Murderous Thieving, Hordes of the Peasants |
Luther hoped this would end revolts. "Let everyone who can, smite, slay, and stab (the peasants), secretly &openly, remembering that nothing can be more poisonous, hurtful, or devilish than a rebel". |
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On the Jews and their Lies |
referring to them as a "den of devils" and continued a European history of Anti-Semitism. |
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Protestant Reformation |
the rejection of authority of he papacy & create new faiths. |
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Simony |
the selling and purchasing on church offices. |
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Pluralism |
Occupying several benefices (church offices) in order to maximize income. |
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Absenteeism |
Paying a priest a fraction on the income to administer a church office, and seldom visiting the dioceses or cathedral while collecting the income. |
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Thomas Cromwell |
He confiscated England's monasteries to get their wealth. |
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Edward VI |
was tutored by more traditional Protestants. He created the Book of Common Prayer, which allowed Priests to marry, latin to english, justification by faith. |
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Mary I |
attempted catholic return, mass, papal allegiance, celibacy, Cranmer burned, but English too Protestant. |
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Phillip II of Spain |
Spanish and lost of Calais too disappointing. Husband of Mary. |
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Elizabeth I |
though Protestant, no zealot; She feared sectarian violence. |
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"Elizabethian Compromise" |
offered by Elizabeth, repealed Mary's moves, accepted Edwards, kept bishops, vague Eucharist & Church of England remains today. |
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Henry VIII |
stood against the Protestant revolt and was claimed "The Defender of Faith" by the pope. |
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William Tyndale |
An english humanist that began printing an english translation of the new testament. Was caught by the Church, and was burned at the stake. |
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Catherine |
Princess of Spain, married Arthur (he died), then married Henry. They have several kids but all of them die besides one. A girl (named Mary), so he decides he needs a new wife. |
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Anne Boleyn |
Second wife of Henry. She gets pregnant and has a daughter named Elizabeth. Henry has her executed for having relations with her brother even though there was never any evidence. |
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Jane Seymour |
A high class woman who married Henry, 11 days after the death of Anne. Finally gives him a son named Edward. |
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Mary Tudor |
first Queen of England. Nick named "Bloody Mary". Killed 300 religious dissenters who refused to convert, imprisoned her sister Elizabeth, and forcibly moved England back to Catholicism. |
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theocracy |
a diety is officially recognized as the civil ruler and official policy is governed by officials. A country led by religious leaders. |
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John Calvin |
switched from law to religion after religious crisis. Accepted invitation to reform city of Geneva & there, working with civil and religious authorities. Turned it into "A city that was a church, a model Christian community". |
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The Institutes of the Christian Religion |
in this Calvin expressed that the idea that God is omnipotent & humanity weak. God is infinite, men & women, are as insignificant as grains of sand. |
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predestination |
the idea that God, long ago had already decided who would have salvation. |
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"calling" |
dignified all work with religiosity. Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God. |
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Genevan Catechism |
the religious education. Children and adults memorized Questions and Answers that summarized faith. |
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Genevan Consistory |
12 lay-leaders, 5 pastors, and Calvin as permanent moderator, task: to keep watch over every man's life [and] to admonish those whom they see leading a leading a disorderly life. |
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Michael Servetus |
A spanish humanist who doubted the trinity and rejected child baptism. He was arrested, escaped, was rearrested, and eventually burned at the stake. |
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"puritanical" |
meaning straight laced, rigid, severe, stuffy and narrow. |
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Anabaptism |
word comes from Greek and means "one who baptizes again'. They believed that only adults could make a free choice about religious faith. |
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Paul III |
established Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office with Jurisdiction over Roman Inquisition, six cardinals with judicial authority over all catholics & power to arrest, imprison & execute. |
