Last Quiz

Front 1

Trigeminal

Back 1

Sensations on face and chewing

Front 2

Abducens

Back 2

Crossed eyes

Front 3

Facial nerve

Back 3

Anterior taste buds, salivary and lacrimal glands, dysfunction = bells palsy

Front 4

Vestibular cochlear

Back 4

Hearing and balance

Front 5

Glossopharyngeal

Back 5

Back taste buds, swallowing muscles, parotid gland (sour)

Front 6

Vagus

Back 6

Gut feelings, heart, larynx

Front 7

Acessory

Back 7

Neck muscles

Front 8

Hyperglossal

Back 8

Tongue muscles

Front 9

Ventral roots

Back 9

Motor

Front 10

Dorsal roots

Back 10

Sensory

Front 11

Where do spinal nerves merge

Back 11

Intervertebral foramen

Front 12

Rami

Back 12

Branched nerves after intervertebral foramen

Front 13

Posterior ramus

Back 13

Slow twitch, smaller innervate back

Front 14

Anterior ramus

Back 14

Larger, innervate organs and muscles

Front 15

Rami comminicantes

Back 15

Interconnected through sympathetic chain

Front 16

Dermatome

Back 16

Each spinal nerve carry sensation in band on body

Front 17

Phrenic nerve

Back 17

Innervate diaphragm

Front 18

4 plexuses

Back 18

Cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

Front 19

Mechanoreceptors

Back 19

Change in pressure or tension

Front 20

Chemoreceptors

Back 20

Change in chemicals

Front 21

Exteroreceptors

Back 21

Cutaneous (general) receptors

Front 22

Special sense receptor

Back 22

Complex sensory organs

Front 23

Intereceptors

Back 23

Chemical /temp change in organs (blood becomes acidic when you hold breath)

Front 24

Proprioceptor

Back 24

Senses movement and position

Front 25

Encapsulated spinal nerve

Back 25

Mechanoreceptors

Front 26

Unencapsulated spinal nerves

Back 26

Temp, pain, light touch

Front 27

Transduction

Back 27

Converting stimulus to AP

Front 28

Basal cells

Back 28

Olfactory stem cells grow neurons

Front 29

1st order of olfactory

Back 29

Receptor neurons

Front 30

2nd order of olfactory

Back 30

Mitral cells modify and relay signals to brain

Front 31

3rd order in olfactory pathway

Back 31

Olfactory cortex interprets information

Front 32

Which papillae doesn't taste

Back 32

Filiform

Front 33

Salty receptor

Back 33

Detects metal ions

Front 34

Sour receptors

Back 34

Acids

Front 35

Sweet receptor

Back 35

Sugar, alcohol, amino acids

Front 36

Bitter receptors

Back 36

Alkaloids and nonalkaloids

Front 37

Umami

Back 37

Amino acid glutamate

Front 38

Sweet, bitter, umami

Back 38

6 coupled protein cascade

Front 39

Depolarization

Back 39

Triggers influx of calcium

Front 40

1st order of gustation

Back 40

Cranial nerve from tongue to salivary nucleus of medulla

Front 41

2nd order of gustation

Back 41

Medulla to thalamus

Front 42

3rd order of gustation

Back 42

Thalamus to gustatory cortex in insula

Front 43

4th order of gustation

Back 43

Appreciation of taste in hypothalamus and limbic system

Front 44

Fibrous layers of eyeball

Back 44

Sclera and cornea

Front 45

Vascular layer of eyeball

Back 45

Choroid, ciliary body, iris

Front 46

Ciliary body

Back 46

Controls lens shape

Front 47

Neural layer

Back 47

Retina

Front 48

Posterior cavity of eye

Back 48

Vitreous humor and haploid canal

Front 49

Hayloid canal

Back 49

Fetal structure

Front 50

Scleral venous sinus

Back 50

Aqueous humor drains to here

Front 51

Imbalance of aqueous humor production

Back 51

Glaucoma

Front 52

What happens to ciliary muscles and the lens when looking at something far

Back 52

Ciliary body relaxed lens pulled flat

Front 53

What senses darkness

Back 53

Photoreceptors

Front 54

Retina function in low light

Back 54

Rods are sensitive cones inactive

Front 55

Retina function in bright light

Back 55

Rods bleached and cones perceive color

Front 56

What process perceives detail

Back 56

Fovea centralis

Front 57

Thalamus

Back 57

Sorted unnecessary stuff

Front 58

1st step of visual perception

Back 58

Ganglion to thalamus

Front 59

2nd step of visual perception

Back 59

Thalamus to occipital lobe

Front 60

3rd step of visual perception

Back 60

Occipital lobe to interpretation areas

Front 61

1st step of tracking objects

Back 61

Ganglion to corpora quadrequima

Front 62

2nd step of tracking objects

Back 62

Signals to spinal cord/brain for eye and head movement

Front 63

Inner ear

Back 63

Perception

Front 64

Perception of linear acceleration

Back 64

Uttrice and sacule of vestibule

Front 65

Scala vestibuli

Back 65

Starts at oval window

Front 66

Scala tympani

Back 66

Ends at round window

Front 67

2 boney labrynths

Back 67

Scala vestibuli and Scala tympani

Front 68

What are boney labyrinths filled with

Back 68

Perilymph

Front 69

Membrane labyrinth

Back 69

Membranous sacs in boney labyrinths

Front 70

What are membranous sacs filled with

Back 70

Endolymph

Front 71

Scala media

Back 71

Cochlear duct

Front 72

Steps of hearing

Back 72

Sound vibrates tympanic membrane, ossicles amplify vibrations, stapes pushes oval window, (depends on audibility), pressure excited round window

Front 73

What happens when a sound is below your frequency

Back 73

Travels but doesn't excite hair cells

Front 74

In hearing range

Back 74

Vibrates through cochlear duct, vibrates basalar membrane

Front 75

First step of transduction of hearing

Back 75

Basilar membrane moves toward tectoral membrane (bends cilia toward tallest cillia)

Front 76

2nd step of tranduction of hearing

Back 76

Bending cilia opens k channels, depolarizes cell and releases neurotranamitter

Front 77

3rd step of transduction for hearing

Back 77

Ap in vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 78

Pitch =

Back 78

Frequency, where wave hits hair cell

Front 79

Loudness =

Back 79

Amplitude, rate of ap from hair cells

Front 80

1st step in auditory neural pathway

Back 80

Receptor to medulla

Front 81

2nd step in auditory neural pathway

Back 81

To olivary nuclei in medulla

Front 82

3rd step in auditory neural pathway

Back 82

Medulla to inferior colliculus

Front 83

4th step in auditory neural pathway

Back 83

Inferior colliculus to thalamus

Front 84

5th step in auditory neural pathway

Back 84

Thalamus to auditory cortex

Front 85

2 sensory regions of the vestibule

Back 85

Sacule and utricle

Front 86

Sacule

Back 86

Gravity

Front 87

Utricle

Back 87

Horizontal position

Front 88

Function of vestibule

Back 88

Send continuous ap (tonic)

Front 89

Ampulla

Back 89

Enlarged area at base of semicircular canal

Front 90

Crista ampalaris

Back 90

Part of semicircular canal that consists of Hair cells and a flexible gel called capula

Front 91

1st Step of Function of semicircular canals

Back 91

Endolyphs inertia causes it to lag behind moving head

Front 92

2nd Step of Function of semicircular canals

Back 92

Endolyphs bends capula and stereocilia

Front 93

3rd Step of Function of semicircular canals

Back 93

One ear depolarizes and The opposite hyperpolarizes

Front 94

4th Step of Function of semicircular canals

Back 94

Endolyph settles and system detects movement

Front 95

Nystagmus

Back 95

Reflex response of eyes, neck, and head to vestibular receptors

Front 96

1st step of Equilibrium pathway

Back 96

Receptors to cerebellum to brainstem

Front 97

2nd step of Equilibrium pathway

Back 97

Brain stem to neurons in cns

Front 98

3rd step of Equilibrium pathway

Back 98

Cns to motor cranial nerves