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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How thick is the sole horn of a cow?
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5mm
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Which claw is larger in the cow?
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lateral of rear limb
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Why is there decreased reproductive efficiency in cows that have lameness?
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less likely to exhibit signs of estrus
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Why do lame animals have more mastitis?
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they lay down more
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Where are most lamenesses in cows?
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the rear foot
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What is laminitis in the cow?
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diffuse aseptic pododermatitis
-aseptic inflammation of the sensitive lamina of the foot |
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Rumen acidosis causes the release of vasoactive substancess, which results in edema, hemorrage and necrosis of the corium. Edema results in pain, pressure, and tissue destruction. What does the tissue destruction cause?
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production of imperfect horn and sole
-this predisposes to other problems (sole ulcers and abcesses) |
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What is the treatment for laminitis in the horse?
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flunixin or ketoprofen for individuals
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Another word for sole ulcers?
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focal septic pododermatitis
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mature ulcers in the cow, when pared away reveals waht?
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granulation tissue that bleeds a lot and is painful
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What causes digital dermatitis of cattle?
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spirochetes from the genus Treponema and anaerobic bacteria
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Which animals are most affected by digital dermatitis in cows?
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heifers and 2nd lactation animals
-common in dairy, not beef -replacement animals |
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Where are 80% of the lesions of digital dermatitis?
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rear limb, plantar surface proximal to the heal bulbs and extending down into the interdigital space
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What do the lesions of digital dermatitis have on them?
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hair or granular surface, well demarcated, raised lesion confined to the digital skin
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What is the treatment for digital dermatitis?
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-topical -- oxytet
-spray/bandage - lincomycin -footbath |
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What agents cause intergitial phlegmon or foot rot in cattle?
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F. necrophorum - rumen
Porphromonas levii |
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How do agents cause disease with foot rot in cattle?
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trauma/break in skin
-deep tissues can be affected by cellulits |
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What are the clinical signs of foot rot in cattle?
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fetid odor, fissue in the interdigital space with necrotic tissue
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What is the treatment for foot rot in cattle?
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remove necrotic material with rope floss
-antibiotics - PPG, Cefitofur, Tetracycline |
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When might you see lameness with corns?
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if large or infected secondarily
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How do you prevent corns?
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hoof trimming
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Which way is the groove in a hoof wall with transverse fissure lines?
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-horizontal to the ground
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What insults can cause formation of abnormal horn that leads to hardship grooves?
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-change from winter to lush spring grass
-weaning -change from dry to lactating ration |
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Obturator paralysis results in dysfunction of what muscles?
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adductor muscles -- prone to having the splits (can cause coxofemoral luxation)
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Other than the obturator and sciatic nerves, what other nevers may be damaged with birthing in a cow?
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peroneal- hyperextended hock joint and flexion of the fetlock and pasture - results in knuckling
tibial - hock is overflexed and the toe does not drag on the ground |
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What is the treatment for compartmental sydrome?
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-get the animal up or bed heavily
-NSAIDS -vitamin E and Se -Dexamehtasone -PT |
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Why are cows at an increased risk to coxofemoral luxation?
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have a shallow acetabulum
-may feel a crepitus on palpation of the femur |
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What is the inciding factor for the development of an infarct in an animal that has ingested C. chauvoei?
What is the cause of death? |
-any trauma that results in an anerobic environment
-organism proliferates and produces a necrotising toxin and gas which becomes systemic |
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What is the treatment for clostridial myositis or black leg?
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-potasium penicillin IV than PPG at high doses
-NSAIDS -incise the skin over the lesion -may give antitoxin |
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What age animals develop black leg?
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cattle under 2 years of age
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Which animals are more likely to get blackleg?
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animals on high planes of nutrition
-may see periodic outbreaks because spores can survive in the environment for up to 25 years (gram pos rods) |
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What do you do when faced with an outbreak of black leg?
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vaccinate all stock and administer PPG
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What is white muscle disease caused by and what age bovine does it occur?
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vitamin E or Se def.
-under 6 months in faster growing animals |
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What parts of the body are affected by Se/Vit E def?
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--cardiac - congestive heart failure
--diaphragm - labored breathing/pneumonia --tongue/pharynx - abnormal swallowing and can't nurse --muscle of the thigh - stiff gait |
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What favorite meat do muscles look like with white muscle?
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poultry - cooked
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What are the four major categories of swine lameness?
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1 - flooring/management
2 - infectious 3 - fractures/nutrition 4 - OC and DJD |
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What are the clinical signs for the acute form of erysipelas?
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fever, septicemic, abortions, lameness, diamond skin lesions, humped up and reluctant to move
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How do you treat pigs with peracute and acute forms of erysipelas?
chronic? |
-immediate injection with antisera and penicillin
-are culled or segregated |
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What are the causative agents of supperative arthritis and osteomyelitis?
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A. pyogenes, Staph and Strep, Brucella suis, E. coli
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What are ways to be exposed to the bacteria that may cause supperative arthritis and osteomyelitis?
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-tonsilar exposure
-fights -dystocias -dirty injections -over and udercrowding -foot abrasions and lacerations - flooring |
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What is the treatment for supperative arthritis and osteomyelitis?
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cull
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What are the 3 bacteria that cause arthritis associated with infectious disease?
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1 - Strep suis
2 - Hemophilus parasuis 3 - M. hyosynoviae and hyprhinis |
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What is the thing that tips the scales ans causes systemic disease with strep suis, hemophilus parasuis, and M. hypsynoviae
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stress!
-increased organisms and increased susceptibility of the host |
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Other than lameness associated with swollen joints, what other clinical signs might you see in animals with systemic disease from Strep suis, Hemophilus parasuis, and M. hyosynoviae.
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-peritonitis, pleuritis, and meningitis
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What is contagious foot rot in sheep and goats caused by?
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Fusobacterium necrophorum
Dichelobacter nodosus - obligate parasite of the sheep and goat hoof |
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When a sheep is praying, what is likely that they have?
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contagious foot rot
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Where is the infection with contagious foot rot in sheep and goats?
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causing undermining of the horny tissues - seperation of the hoof from the foot
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What is the treatment for foot rot?
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foot trimming, soaking, antibiotics (PPG), vaccination
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What 3 types of foot baths are there, from best to worst?
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-zinc sulfate
-copper sulfate formalin |
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How many strains of Dichelobcter nodus dose the foot rot vaccine contain
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10 out of 20 therefore 0-100 percent effective
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How long are animals treated for foot rot in sheep before they are re-evaluated?
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6 weeks - then if good to go, put on a clean pasture
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What agents cause ovine interdigital dematitis in sheep?
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F. necrophorum and A. pyogenes
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Does ovine interdigital dermatis cause underrunning of the sole or hoof wall?
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no
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What is the main mode of aquiring CAEV?
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milk or colustrum where virus is
-also shared machines, and surgical equipment -resp secretions |
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What is the main clinical sign in kids with CAEV?
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leukoencephalomalacia in kids 2 - 6 months
-rear limb paralysis that progresses to the front |
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What disease that causes high fever, cough, painful joints, dyspnea, and anorexia is seen in kids from birth to 2 months?
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mycoplasma
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What is the treatment for mycoplasma in goats?
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tylocin IV
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