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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two countries that emerge from WW2 as superpowers.
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USA and Soviet Union
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US conflicts with the soviets:
The US wants: The soviets want: |
US wants their institutions spread: economny, government, capitalism.
Soviet Union wants communism spread. Each side sees itself as the perfect gov't model. |
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Presedent sequence during cold war era starting with Truman...
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Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy
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Who takes over for the long haul after Stalin?
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Khrushchev
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The cold war?
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What emerges after world war 2. "Freezing" of diplomatic relations.
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What year does Russia go communist?
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1917
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The United States cuts off ____ _____ to the Allies after the second war ended in ______, because they were still fighting in the ______.
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Lend Lease
Europe Pacific |
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What pulls the US out of the depression?
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WWII.
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Truman claims to have ______ the Soviet _____ request.
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lost, loan
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In exchange for a 1 billion dollar US loan to the Soviets, the US requests what?
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Access to traditional Soviet (Russian) markets.
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Containment Policy 1947
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Policy enacted to "contain" communism. Initially we applied it only to Europe.
"Communism must be contained by the application of counter-force at a series of constantly shifting geopolitical..." US will stop communism anywhere, no matter what. |
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The Truman Doctrine
First application of what? What two countries does it first affect? Resisting what? |
The first application of containment. Applied containment to Greece and Turkey. Gave them both financial and military aid to guide them away from communism.
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Marhsall Plan 1947
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the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to combat the spread of Soviet communism.
47 billion. |
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NATO 1949
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Basically all the countries that take martial plan aid allie with the United States. You attack one, you attack them all. |
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Warsaw Pact
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Soviet Union's response to NATO.
Soviet's allies all come together. Churchill: "An iron curtain sweeping across Europe." |
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Mao Zedong vs. Jiang Jieshe Look up
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Look up
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People's Republic of China is created in what year?
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China becomes communist in 1949.
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Korean war starts in the summer of _____. _____ Korea invades ______ Korea.
Combined US and __ troops respond and push North Korea back to original splitting border. After, they continue pushing.... ______ feels pressue and helps North Korea. |
1950
North invades South Begins with North invading south. Is continued by US and UN contnuing to push back beyond original North and South border. China feels pressure. |
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Korean War ends through ______ that's signed in ____.
Who fought in the Korean war? Who were the two sides? |
Armistice, 1953
South Korea and the US and UN. vs. North Korea backed by People's Republic of China. |
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Truman's Federal Employee Loyalty Program, 1947
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You must sign an oath that you're not a communist to work for the fed.
Designed to root out reds, communists. |
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House Unamerican Activities Committee
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an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives. In 1969, the House changed the committee's name to "House Committee on Internal Security".
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Hollywood Trials of 1947
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A group of writers called the "Hollywood Ten" were called in front of Congress and they refused to testify. They were found in contempt of congress and were thrown in prison.
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Alger Hiss case of 1948.
Who gets him to admit that he had met the editor who accused him? What was he convicted of? |
American lawyer and gov't offical that was accused of being a Soviet spy.
Richard Nixon Purgery. Lying. |
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Joseph Mccarthy
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Red-scare, red-baitor. Stupid bastard from Wisconsin who exploits the scare of communism in America. Mccarthyism is synonomus with the red scare.
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Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
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American communists who were convicted and executed in 1953 for conspiracy to commit espionage during a time of war. The charges related to their passing information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. This was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history
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Army-Mccarthy hearings
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Covered on ABC (tv).
The Army–McCarthy hearings were a series of hearings held by the United States Senate's Subcommittee on Investigations between April 1954 and June 1954. The hearings were held for the purpose of investigating conflicting accusations between the United States Army and Senator Joseph McCarthy. These destroyed his career and they censured him. |
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Red scare results in a substantial loss of _____ _______, as a result of conservative paranoia.
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civil liberties.
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Black Civil Rights Movement
Begins with The Great ______? They still experience _____. Professor argues the person most responsible for making us ask about the race question is ______________? |
The Great Migration is when the blacks move into the west and north out from the south. They still experience racism. They can, however, vote.
Jackie Robinson in 1947 He plays for the Brooklyn Dodgers. First African American baseball player. He broke the color barrier and provided visual proof that whites and blacks can live together. He wins sporting magazin's rookie of the year. Great rookie year, Dodgers win the penant. (Lose to Yanks in the world series). |
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Truman Acts
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Acts that end segregation in the federal gov't.
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Plessy v. Fergusson (1896)
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Ruling that said racial segregation was legal as long as it was "seperate but equal."
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Jim Crowe laws
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The laws that segregated America. Blessed by Plessy vs. Fergusson. Eventually broken by Brown v. Board of Education.
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Brown v. Board of Education of 1954.
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involves 8 year old black girl who had to go through hell to get to school in the morning (through bad neighborhood, train tracks, past a white school, etc)
Not equal. The supreme court of the US unanamously rules that Seperate but equal is inherently unequal. That means Plessy v. Ferguson is unconstitutional. The end of segregation. |
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How many of the states in the US had segregated schools before Brown v. Board of Education?
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21 + Wash D.C.
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The desegregation of schools begins at what school?
What city and state? How many black students were admitted? |
Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Token admission of 9 black students.
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Who is Elizabeth Eckford?
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One of the 9 black students who is admitted to Central High School in LIttle Rock Arkansas. She talked about how the national guard stopped her from getting into the school. The national guard is called on by the governor of Arkansas. Guards glared at her, the screaming mob yelled "lynch her, lynch her". She's spit on and called a "nigger bitch". She describes trying to close her mind to what was being shouted. A white man sits by her and says, "don't let them see you cry."
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Dwight D. Eisenhower gets the National Guard to protect the students who were desegretated at _______ (where?)
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Central High school in little rock arkansas.
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50,000 black people boycotted the ____ _____ in _____, ______, which made sure that segregation was stopped a year later. This was because of ____ ______.
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Bus systerm
Montgomery, Alabama Rosa Parks |
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Migrant Labor Force
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Migrant workers come during WWII because they need labor force. They're supposed to come and work and then leave back to Mexico. The US doesn't do anything until the recession in the 50s. operation wetback.
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Operation Wetback 1953-54
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Operation Wetback was a 1954 operation by the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to remove illegal immigrants, mostly Mexican nationals from the southwestern United States
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Indian Claims Commission 1946
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The Commission created a process for tribes to address their grievances against the United States, and offered monetary compensation for territory lost as a result of broken federal treaties. However, by accepting the government's monetary offer, the aggrieved tribe abdicated any right to raise their claim again in the future, and on occasion gave up their federal status as a tribe after accepting compensation.
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Eisenhower's "Termination Policy"
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Proposed that the federal gov't would settle all grievances with tribes and then terminate reservations. Thus, they wouldn't recognize native soverignty or identity, forcing native americans to assimilate.
Indian termination was the policy of the United States from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s.[1] The belief was that Native Americans would be better off if assimilated as individuals into mainstream American society. To that end, Congress proposed to end the special relationship between tribes and the federal government. The intention was to grant Native Americans all the rights and privileges of citizenship, and to reduce their dependence on a bureaucracy whose mismanagement had been documented. In practical terms, the policy terminated the U.S. government's recognition of sovereignty of tribes, trusteeship of Indian reservations, and exclusion of Indians from state laws. Native Americans were to become subject to state and federal taxes as well as laws, from which they had previously been exempt |
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National Congress of American Indians
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Federal gov't is forced to terminate termination policy. This adminstration organizes native americans and they maintain that they have a right to bear their indentity.
The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is a American Indian and Alaska Native indigenous rights organization. It was founded in 1944[1] in response to termination and assimilation policies that the U.S. government forced upon the tribal governments in contradiction of their treaty rights and status as sovereign entities. The organization continues to be an association of federally recognized American Indian tribes. |
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Election of 1960.
Republicans nominate who? Democrats nominate who? Who won? What becomes a new feature of this campagn? |
Richard fuckin' Nixon
Rep= Richard Nixon Demo= John F. Kennedy The television is introduced to politics. The first debate to be on television. JFK wears makeup. Nixon does not. Nixon debates well, speaks well, experience. He speaks and directs his attention right to Kennedy. Kennedy focuses on people, on the camera. |
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The New Frontier
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Domestic program of John F. Kennedy -- catch phrase for his presidency.
The economy was dealt with: Deficit spending is taken upon, a new idea because the US is not in a war. Congress resists. During this he puts lots of money into the space race against Soviet Russia. |
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The Space Race
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Kennedy wants to put a man on the moon before the end of the decade ... before the Soviet Union does.
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The Peace Corps
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A program from Kennedy.
Volunteer planning, engineering, service, etc. There's a reason it comes about the way that it does and when it does: during the cold war. The Peace Corps is an American volunteer program run by the United States Government, as well as a government agency of the same name. The mission of the Peace Corps includes three goals: providing technical assistance, helping people outside the United States to understand US culture, and helping Americans to understand the cultures of other countries. |
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Kennedy's Foreign Policy
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He's a hawk. He's an old cold warrior. He'll do anything to be strong and curb communism.
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Who rises to power in Cuba?
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Fidel Castro
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Bay of Pigs Fiasco 1961
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US tries to overthrow a legitimate gov't. Cuban's like Castro.
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US government, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. The invasion was launched in April 1961, less than three months after John F. Kennedy assumed the presidency in the United States. The Cuban armed forces, trained and equipped by Eastern Bloc nations, defeated the invading combatants within three days. |
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Know NATO countries and Warsaw Pact countries.
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In Europe
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East Berlin is ________
West Berlin is ________ |
controlled by the Soviets
controlled by France, Britain and the US. |
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After Khrushchev threatens to build the wall, Kennedy threatens what three things?
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Immediate 3 billion to military.
Immediate troop increase. Federal funding for a fall-out thing |
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Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
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Kennedy announces a naval quarantine of Cuba because the Soviets have built offensive missile silos in Cuban. It's the same as a blockade, which is an act of war, with a different name.
a confrontation among the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962, during the Cold War. In August 1962, after some unsuccessful operations by the US to overthrow the Cuban regime (Bay of Pigs, Operation Mongoose), the Cuban and Soviet governments secretly began to build bases in Cuba for a number of medium-range and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles (MRBMs and IRBMs) with the ability to strike most of the continental United States. |
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Operation Mongoose, or Cuban Project
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The Cuban Project (also known as Operation Mongoose or the Special Group Augmented) was a program of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) covert operations developed during the early years of the administration of President of the United States John F. Kennedy. On November 30, 1961 aggressive covert operations against the communist government of Fidel Castro in Cuba were authorized by President Kennedy. The operation was led by Air Force General Edward Lansdale and went into effect after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion.
Operation Mongoose was a secret program of propaganda, psychological warfare, and sabotage against Cuba to remove the communists from power |
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Brinkmanship
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Used to describe the Cuban Missile Crisis.
It means they go to the very brink, the very edge, of nuclear war, and then play chicken. Everything is ready to fire, ready to go, all it takes is the commander to say "go" and we go. |
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Who stepped off at the Cuban Missile Crisis? What's the result?
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Khrushchev, NOT Kennedy
Better communication |
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Vietnam...
What are the "problems" in Vietnam? |
Vietnam had been controlled by the French for a long time. French-indo-china is what it was called. The Vietnamese fought and kicked the French out. Vietnam is unstable between communism and diet-communism and republicanism. The south is American and it's so unstable that it won't ever stand alone. If the US leaves, Ho Chi Minh will likely take over power and unify Vietnam.
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Ho Chi Minh is who?
Diem is who? |
Ho Chi Minh was a Vietnamese Marxist-Leninist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945–1955) and president (1945–1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). He was a key figure in the formation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vietcong during the Vietnam War until his death in 1969.
Diem is the first president of South Vietnam (1955–1963). In the wake of the French withdrawal from Indochina as a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords, Diệm led the effort to create the Republic of Vietnam. Accruing considerable U.S. support due to his staunch anti-Communism, he achieved victory in a 1955 plebiscite that was widely considered fraudulent. Proclaiming himself the Republic's first President, he demonstrated considerable political skill in the consolidation of his power, and his rule proved authoritarian, elitist, nepotistic, and corrupt. A Roman Catholic, Diệm pursued policies that rankled and oppressed the Republic's Montagnard natives and its Buddhist majority. Amid religious protests that garnered worldwide attention, Diệm lost the backing of his U.S. patrons and was assassinated by Nguyen Van Nhung, the aide of ARVN General Duong Van Minh on November 2, 1963, during a coup d'état that deposed his government. |
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John F. Kennedy is killed in Dallas, Texas on ________?
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November 22, 1963
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Lyndon Johnson. Who? When? Domestic policy?
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Senator from Texas. He pushed along civil rights acts in '57 and '60.
Took over office when JFK was killed in 1963. The Great society is his domestic policy. Focuses is civil rights. |
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Great Society
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The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States promoted by President Lyndon B. Johnson and fellow Democrats in Congress in the 1960s. Two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, and transportation were launched during this period. The Great Society in scope and sweep resembled the New Deal domestic agenda of Franklin D. Roosevelt, but differed sharply in types of programs enacted.
Civil rights act of 1964 was part of this. War on poverty included. Also VISTA Medicade and Medicare Federal aid to public schools Housing reforms -- low income housing reforms in urban areas. Immigration policy is made non-racist. In the end it doesn't work because of economic troubles. Money has to go to Vietnam. |
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964. What does it do? Three name things.
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1. Outlaws racial discrimination in all public accommodations.
2. Real power and authority to justice department to prosecute those who broke laws against black's rights. Protect voting rights and desegregation. 3. You may not discriminate when hiring on the basis of race, or gender, or religion, or national origin. |
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War on Poverty and the OEO
What other things are part of the Great society? |
Office of Economic Opportunity was at the center of the War on Poverty.
Provided education and job training to poor for better job opportunities. It was designed to help people get out of the poverty cycle. Also VISTA Medicade and Medicare Federal aid to public schools Housing reforms -- low income housing reforms in urban areas. Immigration policy is made non-racist |
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VISTA
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Volunteers in service to America
Sort of a domestic peace corps. People were sent out to help others get ahead in the world. Look up. |
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Medicade and Medicare
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Part of LBJ's Great Society.
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Domino Theory
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The idea that you must stop communism in the first place because regions will all tumble into communism, like dominos.
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What is Johnson's vow?
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"I am not going to lose Vietnam."
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1964
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A blank check for escalating Vietnam measures. Gives Johnson right to do whatever he wants to in the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
The United States was not in international waters... We were in Vietnam waters, and we were mining a bombing run. Vietnam attacks us. JOHNSON LIES TO CONGRESS. And they give him all access to do whatever he wants. 1965 is the critical year that America is directly involved and are direct combatants in the war. |
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What year are ground troops sent to Vietnam?
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1965
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The Tet Offensive 1968
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Major battles in almost every major city in Vietnam simultaneously. North Vietnam attacked almost every major city and they even occupy the US Embassy and occupy it for a while.
They can not hold the cities, thus it is not "successful" in the traditional sense. However, that's not what it was about -- it shows the American public we are not winning. |
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Election of 1968, midst of Vietnam... Who says he will not run?
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Johnson -- he vows out in March of 1968 because the cards are stacked against him.
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Robert Kennedy runs in ....?
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1968. He's Jack Kennedy's brother. He is a great leader. At the end of a speech in June of 1968 he is shot and killed.
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Who wins the nomination in '68 for the democrats after Robert (Bobby) is killed?
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Hubert Humphrey, Johnson's vice president
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George Wallas
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"segregation now, segregation forever."
proponent of segregation. George Corley Wallace, Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998) was the 45th Governor of Alabama, serving four terms: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987. "The most influential loser" in 20th-century U.S. politics, according to biographers Dan T. Carter[1] and Stephan Lesher,[2] he ran for U.S. president four times, running officially as a Democrat three times and in the American Independent Party once. A 1972 assassination attempt left him paralyzed; he used a wheelchair for the rest of his life. He is best known for his Southern populist,[3] pro-segregation attitudes during the American desegregation period, convictions he renounced later in life he ran for U.S. president four times, running officially as a Democrat three times and in the American Independent Party once. |
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Richard M. Nixon wins in ____? As a ______?
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1968, takes office in '69.
Republican |
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The Nixon Doctrine
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"Vietnamization" is the application of The Nixon Doctrine, we plan to replace American troops with South Vietnamese troops.
"We'll help you, but we won't fight your wars anymore." We will continue to aid our friends and allies but we won't provide the full troop defense of these wars. South Vietnam becomes more and more unstable as we drop troop strength. |
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The My Lai Incident of 1968
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My Lai was a small city in South Vietnam. It was said that it was harboring Viet com. There is no Viet Com there.
US troops are told to kill everyone. |
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Viet com, the VC
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was a political organization and army in South Vietnam and Cambodia that fought the United States and South Vietnamese governments during the Vietnam War
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Invasion of Cambodia in 1970
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We invade a whole new country during the "Nixon Doctrine".
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Invasion of Cambodia -- Kent State, Ohio in 1970
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Students peacefully protest, then students burn down the ROTC, which was the symbol of the military on campus.
The national guard opens fire on the students after tear-gassing them. Kills 4, injures 9. |
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The Pentagon Papers in 1971
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A detailed resource of lies told by the defense department. It demonstrates that the US has escalated into war based on nothing but false pretenses.
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Nixon's secretary of state announces just before the election in 1972...
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"Peace is at hand." A fucking lie.
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Official years of Vietnam war for the US ____ to ____.
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1965-1973
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How many Americans die in Vietnam? How much did it cost?
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58,000 Americans.
150,000,000 dollars. |
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Nixon on the economy. (Domestic)
Who started to embargo the US's ____ supply? |
Arab nations started to embargo us because they're not happy with us.
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CREEP, election of '72
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Committee to RE-Elect the President
Unlimited money allowed. They do every dirty trick in the book. They uncover everything and make a mockery of US politics. They also wire-tap. Criminals (led by LIDDI) break into Watergate to steal from the democrats. The criminals are paid off to take all the blame. |
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John Mitchell
Runs what? |
Attorney General of US.
Resigns to run what? CREEP |
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Watergate
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Nixon's CREEP illegally sicking the CIA on the FBA, stealing from watergate eventually.
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Deep Throat
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Watergate informant. He told the Washington Post reporters to "follow the money." They follow the money from the criminals from Watergate to CREEP and eventually straight to Nixon.
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NIxon refuses to turn over the _____ from the Oval Office.
When he finally does, there is a __ __________ ____. |
Tapes
Nixon recorded everything from the white house. 18 minute gap. |
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Richard M. Nixon _____ on August 9, 1974.
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resigned
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Who was Nixon's two vice presidents?
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Spiro Agnew, resigned a year before Nixon.
Gerald Ford, appointed by Nixon. He pardons Nixon. |
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Gerald Ford is the first president to not ___ _____.
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get elected. he serves as vice president and president without ever being elected.
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