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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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types of loss (4)
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real
threatened loss symbolic loss fantasied lost |
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greif vs. mourning vs. bereavement
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g: feeling from loss
m: process of dealing with greif b:state of mourning |
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bowly adult stages (4)
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numbness and protest
yearning and searching disorganization and despair reorganization Adults Never Yell During Recess |
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bowly child stages (3)
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protest
despair detachment Children Play During Dinner |
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kubler-ross stages of dying (5)
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shock and denial
anger bargaining depression acceptance Stages Are Because Death Arises |
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greif vs. depression
time: suicide: psychotic symptoms: emotional symptoms: self-blame: response to support: |
d longer
suicide - d psychotic - d emotion - d (constant) g (in waves) self-blame - g (toward deceased) d (self) g (with time) d (only get worse) |
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trimethoprim
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inhibits duhydrofolate reductase
(blocks thymidine, purines, methoionine, glycine) |
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rifampin
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binds rna pol
(inhibits rna synth) |
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metronidazole
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nitro group reduces nitroreductase
(produces product --> dna strand break) |
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gentamicin
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binds to 30s
(interupts synth) |
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ciprofloxacin
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ninds alpha subunit of dna gyrase
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PCN
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bind to pcn binding protein
(inhibit peptidglycin synth) |
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vanco
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D-alanine-D-alanine
(interferes with formation of cross-bridge) |
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timethoprim, sulfa, dapsone, p-aminosalicylic, smx
class? |
anti-metabolites
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quinolones, naldixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levlfooxacin, rifampin, rifabutin
class? |
inhibit DNA/RNA synth
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AG, tetracyclines, oxazolidnones, chloramphenicol, macrolides
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bind to ribosomes and inhibit prot synth
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beta-lactam, glycopeptides (vanco), polypeptides
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inhibit cell wall synth
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florey 1939
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concentrate of pcn
anti bac and ok for mamals antibiotic |
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selman waksman 1944
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streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, erythromycin
soil |
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gerhard dougmagk 1935
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red azo dye in mice
sulfa drug |
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alex flemming 1929
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mold pcn kills staph
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paul ehrlich
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arsphenamine - syphilis
"magic bullet" |
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resist rifampin
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mutation in chromosome encoding beta subunit of ran pol (g+)
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resist tetracycline
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decr penetration (efflux)
change porin protein new elongation factor (protect 30s) |
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resist AG
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change ribo binding site
decr uptake adenylate acetylate phosphorylate |
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resist TMP
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decrease affinity of dihydrofolate reductase for antibiotic
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resist quinolones
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alter alpha subunit of dna gyrase
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resist chloramphenicol
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plasmid encoded acetyl-transferase --> change 50s
also can change porin |
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tmp-smx used to treat g+ g- by:
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inhibiting folic acid
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clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobac
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pcn + beta lactame
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sulfa inhibit:
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Folic Acid production
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arachadonic acid comes from...
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linoleic acid (essential FA)
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phospholipase a2
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activated by prot kinase C to conv arachadonic acid to eicosanoids
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prostaglandins + thromboxanes
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cyclooxygenase
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luekotrienes
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lipooxygenase
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20-HETE
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cyt p450
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pgh2
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made from arachidonic a
precursor of prostaglandins and thromboxane |
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effect from leukotrienes
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inflammation, asthma, edema, bronchoconstriction
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effect from lipoxins
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ant-inflammation
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5-Hpete
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precursor for leukotrienes
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15-hpete
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precursor for lipoxins
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bleomycin
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"blows" through dna by reducing glutatione.
o2 then binds and creates ROI. destroys everything and then acts as a catalyst. accumulates in skin.lung (low bleomycin-inactivating enz) |
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anthracycline/doxorubicin
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cardiomyopathy
ROI-h2o2 and destroys membrane in heart cells |
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cyclophosphamide
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RBC in urine (toxic in bladder)
destroys GSH complex in RBC (glutathione) ARREST MIEOSIS (infertile) |
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Aminoglutethimide + Anastrozole
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aromatase inhibitors
inhibits estrone in adipose |
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methotrexate
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inhibits s-phase
DHFR binds to keep it in cell so it doesn't diffuse out |
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leucovorin
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binds to DHFR and inhibits binding to methotrexate. normals cells have incr transporters... ca cells don't.
folate transporter |
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CMF regiment
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ER negative (breast)
cyclophosohamide methotrexate fluorouracil |
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CAF regiment
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ER negative (breast)
cyclophosohamide adriamycin (doxo) fluorouracil |
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leuprolide / gaserlin
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LHRH agonist (prostate)
blocks LHRH from binding to the pituitary gland |
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diethylstilbestrol
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LHRH (prostate)
with cardiac problems |
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flutamide
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antiandrogen (prostate)
eliminates feedback loop (blocks all receptors on all organs testies incr testosterone production ALWAYS USE WITH LHRH |
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allopurinol
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tumor lysis syndrome (leuk)
inhibits xanthine oxidase to prevent uric acid production --> gout BONE MARROW TOXICITY (mercaptopurine) |
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thiopurine-S-methyltransferase
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deactivates mercaptopurine from allopurinol.
saves bone marrow |
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synthetic nitrosoureas
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brain tumors
cross bbb toxicity: myelosuppression |
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streptozotocin
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pancreatic islet carcinoma
toxicity destroys beta-cells |
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MOPP
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hodgkins
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CHOP
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hodgkins
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CBV
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testicular
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etoposide
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inhibits topoisomerase II --> dna break
testiculr ca |
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cytarabine
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stop dna synth
leuk |
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pyridoxine
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given with isoniazid to prevent neuropathy
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arthropathy
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caused by flouroquinolones
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thymidine kinase
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targeted by acyclovir
adds the guanine |
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inosine-sensitive nucleotide transporter
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ribavirin
inhibits atp/nadph... rbc lysis |
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edta
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lead removal from bone
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dimercaprol
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lead removal from cell
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metronidazole
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kills ameoba
destroy dna/proteins ferridoxin reductase oral-moderate IV-severe NO ETOH |
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diloxanide furoate
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asymptomatic cyst
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phospholipase
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AG enters lysosome-->phospholipase-->cell necrosis
KIDNEY |
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vaccine efficacy
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(attack rate unvaccinated - attack rate vaccinated)
----------------------- attack rate unvacinated |
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amp/gmp production
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prpp + glutamine
(PRPP ATase) IMP AMP + GMP *amp & gmp both feedback IMP and PRPP ATase |
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CTP/UTP production
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CO2+ glutamine
(CPSII) OA [add PRPP here] UTP CTP *ctp neg to utp *utp neg to CPSII *PRPP pos to CPSII |
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nucleoside kinase
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nucleoside +atp --> nucleotide + adp
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phosphoribosyl transferases
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base + PRPP --> nucleotide + PPi
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uric acid / purines
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purines-->h --> x -->uric acid
inhibit xanthine oxidase (xo) for gout |
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THFA
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comes from folic acid
one-cabon fragments THFA-->DHFA in rxn |
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dTMP (thionine) formation from UDP/CDP
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dUTP or dCDP
dUMP (THFA) dTMP |
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celecoxib/refecoxib
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antagonist inhibiting cox-2
no inflammatory PGs but GI mucosal OK arthritis |
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ibuorifen/nproxen/indomethacin
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NSAID
antagonist - reverisble cox 1-3 |
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acetyl salicylic acid
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antagonist - irreversible
cox 1-3 |
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acetominophen
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antagonist
cox3 (CNS) |
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zileuton
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enz: prevent leukotiene synth
prevent bronchconstrictor allergies |
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zaifirlucast/montelucast
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receptor/antagonist: prevent leukotiene synth
prevent bronchconstrictor allergies |
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alprostadil
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PGE - vasodilator
inhibits platlet aggr CHF/prevent ulcers |
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dinoprostone
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PGE
unterine contractions labor |
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lantanoprost
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PGF
decr intraocular pressure |
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epoprostenol/treprotinil
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PGI
decr vascular pressure pulm hypertension |
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nedocromil
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IGE antigen reduces ca+2 in lungs
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captopril/enlalapril
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ACE inhibitor
block angiotensin I decr BP/Na retention |
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losartan/valsartan
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angiotensin II antagonist
block angiotensin II decr BP/Na retention |
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nitroprussied/nitroglycerine
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NO donor - vasodialator
ROS - inhibits platelet aggr |
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sildenafil
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block phosphodiesterase
relax penile SM... incr flow ED |
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epinephrine
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inc cAMP --> relax SM
relax lung ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK |
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diphenhydramine, pyrilamin, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, cyproheptadine
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1st gen H1 receptor
soluable amine... rapidly absorbed allergic rxn, motion sickness |
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piperazine, cetirizine, cyproheptadine, loratidine, fexofenadine
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2nd gen H1 receptor
less lipid soluable... not in csf allergic rxn, motion sickness |
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cimetadine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizantidine
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block h2 receptor
gastric ulcers |
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fluoxentine
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SSRI
inhibit 5-HT reuptake |
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sumatriptan
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5-ht agonist
migraine |
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ondansetron
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5-ht agonist
nausea |
