Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is a LASER?
|
Light Amplification by stimulated Emissiion of Radiation
|
|
|
What are the advantages and disadvantages of a Laser?
|
Adv: Accurate and precise
Minimal blood loss Dis: Safety hazards to patient and personnel. Risk of fires and explosion |
|
|
How do lasers work in surgery?
|
As a surgical instrument, it uses photons (light energy) to produce it's tissue effect. It is the conversion from light energy to heat that produces the ultimate biological effect.
|
|
|
What is the components of lasers?
|
1. Pump source- involves excitation that release photons.
2. Optical Cavity - reflections 3. Lasing media- solid state, gas, crystal. |
|
|
What are the characteristics of Lasers?
|
1. Monochromatic
2. Coherent- waves are aligned and all the same wavelength 3. Collimated - waves are parallel |
|
|
What is stimulated absorption?
|
The process of which a photon's energy is captured by an electron thereby vaulting the electron into a higher energy orbit.
|
|
|
What is stimulated emission?
|
the key to laser activity, where a photon of a particular wavelength must collide with an atom ready for spontaneous emission. The colliding photon leaves the electron with the emitten photon- both photons have the identicle wavelength, phase and direction.
|
|
|
What are the three types of laser delivery?
|
Continuous wave, Pulsed, super-pulsed
|
|
|
How are Lasers used in surgery?
|
Coagulation, Cutting, Vaporization
|
|
|
What are the types of Lasers used in surgery.
|
1. Ruby (amber goggles)
2. Argon (absorbed by HGB, used in eye surg, plastics) 3. CO2 (precision incisions such as airway, coag, abd adhesions, tissue coag) 4. YAG (tissue coag, esoph tumors) 5. KTP(green goggles)(cuts and coags sim.) |
|
|
What are the dangers of Lasers?
|
Ocular danger
Toxic fumes Mycobacteria, DNA , viral material aerosolized in air Tracheal fires |
|
|
What are the lasers used for skin resurfacing and vaporizing thin layers of skin?
|
CO2 and YAG which have long infrared, wavelengths of light.
|
|
|
What are the lasers used to penetrate more deeply and the light is selectively absorbed by hgb.
|
KTP and Ruby lasers, which have visible , shorter wavelengths-- used on veins, tatoos,
|
|
|
What safety features whould be used with laser surgery of teh airway?
|
1. Use Laser resistant ETT
2. Inflate ET cuff with saline and methelene blue 3. use lowest level of O2 necessary 4. allow High concentration of O2 to escape from under drapes. 5. used water soluble lubricants. |
|
|
How do you manage Airway fires?
|
DIVER:
Disconnect and extubate Irrigate with water Ventilate by mask Evaluate injury Reintubate and ventilate |
