Larynx And Pharynx

Front 1

Which is the crossroads between digestive and respiratory tracts(larynx or pharynx)?

Back 1

Pharynx

Front 2

What makes up the pharynx?

Back 2

Funnel shaped fibromuscular tube

Front 3

What are the upper and lower borders of the pharynx? Continues as?

Back 3

Base of skull to C6 to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (posterior border is vertebral column)
Continues as esophagus

Front 4

What are the three parts of` pharynx?

Back 4

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Front 5

function of the nasopharynx?

Back 5

respiratory only!

Front 6

Function of oropharynx?

Back 6

digestive

Front 7

Borders of the nasopharynx?

Back 7

posterior to the
nasal cavity, superior to the soft
palate

Front 8

borders of the oropharynx?

Back 8

posterior to the
mouth, digestive function.

Front 9

Borders of the laryngopharynx?

Back 9

posterior to
the larynx, superior border
epiglottis, inferior cricoid cartilage

Front 10

What makes up the connection between nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

Back 10

two choanae

Front 11

What connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear?
Function?

Back 11

Auditory/Eustachian tube
equalizes air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane
Ex:flying

Front 12

What covers the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube?

Back 12

torus tubularius

Front 13

Tonsils found in the nasopharynx?

Back 13

Pharyngeal and tubal tonsils

Front 14

Adenoids when enlarged?
Posterior wall of nasopharynx
Which tonsil?

Back 14

Pharyngeal

Front 15

Tonsil near the opening of auditory tube

Back 15

Tubal

Front 16

A ridge of mucous membrane extending from the lower end of the tubal elevation covers salpingopharyngeus muscle

Back 16

Salpingopharyngeal fold

Front 17

Tonsil on each side of the oropharynx between the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches

Back 17

Palatine tonsils

Front 18

Incomplete ring of lymphatics tissue?

Back 18

Waldeyer's ring (tonsilar ring of Waldeyer)

Front 19

What makes up Waldeyer's ring?

Back 19

two palatine and two tubal tonsils-laterally
pharyngeal tonsil-superior and posterior part
Lingual tonsil-inferior part

Front 20

What muscles of the pharynx are included in the external circular layer?
Action?

Back 20

* Superior pharyngeal constrictor (SC)
* Middle pharyngeal constrictor (MC)
* Inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IC)

Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
(narrow the pharyngeal cavity).

Front 21

What muscles of the pharynx are included in the internal, mainly longitudinal layer?
Action?

Back 21

* Palatopharyngeus
* Stylopharyngeus
* Salpingopharyngeus

Elevate the larynx and shorten the pharynx during swallowing and speaking

Front 22

What is found within the gap between the superior constrictor and the cranium?

Back 22

levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini muscles

Front 23

What is found within the gap between the superior and middle constrictors?

Back 23

stylopharyngeus muscle, CN IX, stylohyoid ligament

Front 24

What is found within the gap between the middle and inferior constrictors?

Back 24

Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery and vein

Front 25

What is found inferior to the inferior constrictor?

Back 25

Recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal artery

Front 26

Where does the pharyngeal plexus lie?

Back 26

on the middle constrictor muscle

Front 27

What forms the pharyngeal plexus?

Back 27

formed by CN IX,
CN X and sympathetic branches form
the superior cervical ganglion.

Front 28

Motor fibers to the pharynx include?

Back 28

from CN X (pharyngeal
branches): all pharynx and soft palate
except:
Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)
tensor veli palatini (CN V3).

Front 29

Sensory fibers from the pharynx include?

Back 29

Nasopharynx from CN V2.
Oropharynx from CN IX
Laryngopharynx from CN X

Front 30

What makes up the blood supply to the pharyx?

Back 30

Branches of:
Facial artery
Maxillary artery
Lingual artery
Inferior thyroid artery

Front 31

What structures pierce the thyrohyoid cartilage?

Back 31

superior laryngeal artery
internal laryngeal nerve

Front 32

Where is the larynx located?

Back 32

Located in the anterior neck at the level of the
bodies of C3-C6 vertebrae. C6 end of larynx and
pharynx

Front 33

What is the function of larynx?

Back 33

Larynx is the organ of voice production , and
part of the respiratory system. Regulates the flow of air to and from the lungs
for vocalization (phonation). Forms a framework of cartilages for
the attachment of ligaments and muscles.

Front 34

What is the largest single hyaline cartilage and what does it form?

Back 34

thyroid cartilage, forms laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple)

Front 35

What are the borders of the thyroid cartilage?

Back 35

superior border lies opposite of C4.
Superior horn attatches to the hyoid bone by the thyrohyoid membrane.
Inferior horn articulates with the lateral surface of the cricoid cartilage at the cricothyroid joint.

Front 36

Single hyaline cartilage shaped like a signet ring

Back 36

Cricoid cartilage

Front 37

Borders of the cricoid cartilage?

Back 37

Superior border attaches
to the thyroid cartilage by the median cricothyroid
ligament. Lower border marks the end of larynx
and pharynx, and attaches to the first tracheal ring.

Front 38

How does the cricoid cartilage attatch to the thyroid cartilage?

Back 38

median cricothyroid ligament

Front 39

single elastic cartilage shaped like a heart or spoon; forms superior part of the anterior part of larynx

Back 39

epiglottis

Front 40

Paired elastic and hyaline cartilages, shaped like pyramids.

Back 40

Arytenoid cartilages

Front 41

What processes are found on the artenoid cartilages and what are their function?

Back 41

Have vocal process – gives attachment to vocal
ligament and vocalis muscle.
Have muscular process – gives attachment to the
thyroarytenoid muscle and lateral and posterior
cricoarytenoid muscles.

Front 42

Paired elastic cartilages that sit on top of the arytenoid cartilages

Back 42

Corniculate cartilages

Front 43

paired elastic cartilages that lie in the aryepiglottic folds

Back 43

cuneiform cartilages

Front 44

From laryngeal inlet to the level of inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

Back 44

Laryngeal cavity

Front 45

Parts of the laryngeal cavity?

Back 45

vestible, ventricle, infraglottic cavity

Front 46

From laryngeal inlet to the vestibular folds?
Between vestibular fold and vocal fold?
From the vocal folds to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage?

Back 46

vestible
Ventricle
infraglottic cavity

Front 47

Vestibular folds are also known as?

Back 47

false vocal folds

Front 48

Function of vestibular folds?

Back 48

protective

Front 49

Consist of two thick folds of mucous membrane, enclosing vestibular ligaments

Back 49

vestibular folds

Front 50

Space between two vestibular ligaments

Back 50

rima vestibuli

Front 51

Controls sound production

Back 51

vocal folds

Front 52

space between vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages?

Back 52

rima glottidis

Front 53

Rima glottidis is normally subdivided into two parts?

Back 53

1.between the arytenoid cartilages is called the intercartilagionous part(respiratory)
2.between the vocal folds is called the intermembranous part(sound production)

Front 54

What are the muscles of the larynx?

Back 54

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles: Suprahyoid group and infrahyoid group

Front 55

Function of suprahyoid muscles?

Back 55

Elevate the larynx

Front 56

Function of infrahyoid muscles?

Back 56

depress the hyoid bone and larynx

Front 57

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles move the parts of the larynx. Grouped into four groups, what are they?

Back 57

Adductors and abductors
Sphincters
Tensors
Relaxers

Front 58

Function of abductors and adductors?

Back 58

move the vocal folds to open and close rima glottidis

Front 59

Fucntion of sphincters?

Back 59

close the laryngeal inlet as a protective mechanism during swallowing

Front 60

Function of tensors?

Back 60

elongates and tightens vocal ligaments, raising the pitch of the voice

Front 61

Relaxers function?

Back 61

relax the vocal ligaments to lower the pitch of voice

Front 62

Innervation of the cricothyroid muscle?

Back 62

external laryngeal nerve

Front 63

Terminal part of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Back 63

inferior laryngeal nerve

Front 64

Superior laryngeal nerve divides into?

Back 64

external and internal laryngeal nerves

Front 65

External laryngeal nerve runs with?

Back 65

superior thyroid artery

Front 66

external laryngeal nerve supplies?

Back 66

Motor fibers to cricothyroid, inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Front 67

Internal laryngeal nerve supplies?

Back 67

Sensory fibers to the mucous membrane above the vocal folds, taste epiglottis

Front 68

Internal laryngeal nerve is accompanied by the?

Back 68

superior laryngeal artery

Front 69

Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies?

Back 69

Motor- all intrinsic muscles of pharynx, except cricothyroid
Sensory-mucous membrane below vocal folds

Front 70

Blood supply to the larynx?

Back 70

Superior laryngeal arteries-supply the internal surface of the larynx
Inferior laryngeal arteries- supply the mucous membrane and muscles in the inferior part of the larynx

Front 71

Inferior laryngeal nerve travels with?

Back 71

inferior laryngeal artery