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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Cecum?
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First part of the large intestine
-continuous with the ascending colon -blind intestinal pouch -approx 7.5 cm in both length and the breadth |
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Where does the cecum lie?
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lies in the iliac fossa inferior to the junction of the terminal ileum and cecum
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what structure does the cecum lie within?
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Inguinal ligament
-almost entirely enveloped by peritoneum and can be lifted freely |
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Does the cecum have a mesentery?
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No it does not
-it has relative freedom and therefore may be displaced from the iliac fossa |
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What forms the frenula of the valve?
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The folds of the cecum that meets laterally to form ridges
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What events occur when the cecum is distended or contracted?
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The frenula tighten and the valves close to prevent reflux from the cecum into the ileum
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What is the function of the frenula of the valve?
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prevent reflux from the cecum into the ileum as contractions occur to propel contents up the ascending colon and into the transverse colon
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What is the appendix?
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blind intestinal diverticulum
-contains masses of lymphoid tissue |
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Where does the appendix arise from?
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posteromedial aspect of the cecum inferior to the ileocecal junction
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Where is the mesoappendix derived from?
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posterior side of the mesentery of the terminal ileum
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Where does the mesoappendix attach?
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To the cecum and the proximal part of the appendix
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Which arteries supply the cecum?
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Ileocolic artery
terminal branch of the superior mesenteric artery |
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Which artery supplies the appendix?
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Appendicular artery
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The lymphatic vessels fromt he cecum and appendix pass where?
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The lymph nodes of the mesoappendix and to the ileocolic lymph nodes that lie along the ileocolic artery
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Where are the nerve supply to the cecum and appendix derived from?
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves from the superior mesenteric plexus
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Where do the sympathetic nerve fibers originate?
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lower thoracic part of the spinal cord
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Where do the parasympathetic nerve fibers derive from?
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vagus nerves
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Which segment of the spinal cord do the afferent nerve fibers from the appendix accompany the sympathetic nerves?
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T10
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Where is the appendix located?
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Usually retrocecal
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Where does the appendix lie?
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beneath the peritoneal covering of the cecum where it is often fused to the cecum or the posterior abdominal wall
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Where does the pain of appendicitis occur?
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The periumbilical region because afferent pain fibers enter the spinal cord at the T10 level
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An acute infection of the appendix may result in what?
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Thrombosis in the appendicular artery
-this often results in ischemia, gangrene, and perforations of an acutely inflamed appendix |
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The rupture of the appendix may result in what type of problems?
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Infection of the peritoneum (peritonitis)
-increased abdominal pain -nausea and/or vomiting -abdominal rigidity |
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During an appendectomy which structures and incised?
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Transversalis fascia
peritoneum The cecum is delivered into the surgical wound |
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Where does the appendix arise from?
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Convergence of the three teniae coli, therefore when the appendix is not obvious , one of the teniae coli is traced to its base.
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What are the four parts of the colon?
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Ascending
Transcending Descending Sigmoid |
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Where does the colon lie ?
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lies first to the right of the small intestine and then successively to the superior and anterior to the left of it and eventually inferior to it.
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Where does the ascending colon pass superiorly?
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passes superiorly on the right side of the abdominal cavity from the cecum
-to the right lobe of the liver where it turns to the left at the right colic flexure or hepatic flexure |
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Where does the ascending colon lie?
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retroperitoneal along the right side of the posterior abdominal wall
- covered by peritoneum on the anterior aspect |
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What separates the ascending colon from the abdominal wall?
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Greater omentum
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What is the arterial supply of the ascending colon?
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branches of the SMA
-the ileocolin and right colic arteries |
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The ileocolic and the right colic veins drain blood from which part of the colon?
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Ascending colon
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Where are the nerves to the ascending colon derived from?
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Superior Mesenteric nerve plexus
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Which part of the large intestine is the most mobile?
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Transverse colon
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Which part of the large intestines is the longest?
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Transverse colon
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Where does the transverse colon cross?
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The abdomen from the right colic flexiure to the left colic flexure where it bends inferiorly to become the descending colon
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Where does the transverse colon lie?
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anterior to the inferior part of the left kidney and attaches to the diaphram through the phrenicolcolic ligament
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Where does the transverse colon get its arterial supply?
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Mostly from the middle colic artery which is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery
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The venous draining of the transverse colon is through which vein?
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Superior mesenteric vein
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Which structure binds the colon to the posterior abdominal wall?
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The Peritoneum
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What structure links the descending colon and the rectum?
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The sigmoid colon
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Where does the sigmoid colon extend from?
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iliac fossa to the S3 where it joins the rectum
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Where does the sigmoid colon get its arterial supply from?
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Left colic and sigmoid arteries
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What is Colitis?
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Chronic inflammation of the colon
-characterized by severe inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum |
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What is diverticulosis?
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disorder in which multiple false diverticula develop along the intestine
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Where does diverticulosis occur?
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most commonly on the mesenteric side of the two nonmesenteric teniae coli where nutrient arteries perforate the muscle coat to reach the suibmucosa.
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A rupture of the diverticula can result on what>
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distort and erode the nutrient arteries which lead to hemorrhage
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how is diverticulitis prevented?
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high diet in fiber
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