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72 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the scientific name for a horse?
Equus caballus
What is the normal temperature range for horses?
99-101 degree F
What is the normal pulse range for horses?
30-40 bpm
What is the normal respiration rate for horses?
10-30 bpm
What is the vertebral formula for horses?
C7 T18 L6 S5 Cy15-21
What is the dental formula for horses?
2 (I3/3, C0-1/0-1, Pm 3-4/3, M 3/3)
What kind of digestive system do horses have?
Monogastric large cecum
What is the horses breeding season?
seasonally polyestrus
What is the horses length of estrus?
21 days
How long is the horses heat cycle?
7 days
What is the length of digestion for horses?
335-340 days
What is the term for a young horse that is 5-12 months of age?
Weanling
What is the term for a horse that is 12-24 months of age?
yearling
What is the term for a horse that is 24-36 months of age?
two year old
Near side refers to what on a horse?
the left side
Offside refers to what on a horse?
Right side
What is the scientific name for a cow?
Bos taurus
What is the normal temperature range for an adult cow?
99.5 to 103 degrees F
What is the normal temp range for calves?
99.8 - 102 degrees F
What is the normal pulse range in cows?
70-90bpm
What is the normal pulse range for cows?
70- 90 bpm
What is the normal respiration rate for cows?
12-16bpm
What is the vertebral formula for cows?
C7 T13 L6 S5 Cy 18-20
What is the dental formula for cows?
2( I0/4, C 0/0 Pm 3/3 M 3/3)
What is the digestive system of the cows composed of?
A fore stomach made up of a Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum and a True Glandular Stomach called the Abomasum
What is the breeding season for cows?
polyestrus
What is the Estrus length for cows?
21 days
What is the heat period for cows?
18 hours
What is the length of gestation for cows?
285 days
Horse leg markings that extend only 1 inch above the coronet are called?
Coronet
Horse leg markings the goes from the coronet up to the BOTTOM of the fetlock joint is called?
Pastern
What is it called when just the heels of the horse are white?
heel white
What are the 2 main ways to categorize vet medicine and practice?
*By species
*By Animal use categories
-Companion animal-small animal mostly but can include large animals not a part of commercial farm or for consumption
-Industrial medicine-mostly large animals, food animals, performance animals, lab animals
-Zoo animals
What are the functional divisions of vet med?
* Diagnosis and therapy, classic vet med
* Preventative vet med
* Production vet med
What is Diagnosis and therapy portion of the functional portion of vet med composed of?
Internal med, surgery, obstetrics etc
Preventative medicine in vet med includes what ?
Vaccination, parasite control, safe housing, nutrition, pre-purchase exams, quarantine procedures, Interstate and international health certificate requirements
Health Certificate rules and regulations are overseen by who?
Dept of Agriculture, which is a type of Regulatory veterinary medicine
Production vet med incorporates?
Classic vet med
Preventative vet med
Repro- embryo transfer, AI
Production record systems
Phenotypic selection assistance
Genetic selection assistance
Culling programs
Phenotypic selection involves what?
*Selection and culling based on VISIBLE and MEASURABLE traits exhibited by an individual animal.
*Phenotypic trait are the result of expression of an animals genetic makeup and environmental influences.
*Conformation, growth erformance of beef cattle, milk production etc....
*Analysis of individual animals phenotypic performance traits within the herd are usually calculated as an index
What is used to rank an animal's performance as a percentage of the average?
An Index
Genetic selection assistance is based on?
Selection and culling based on extensive statistical analysis of phenotypic trait data of an individual animal , it's ancestors, siblings and it's offspring compared to all animals within a herd.
When doing genetic selection, what major factor is removed and rendered null and void by including performance of ancestors, siblings and offspring in the statistical analysis?
Environmental
What are the three main types of statistics used by associations to analyze genetic selection assistance based on data submitted by members?
PTA's:Predicting Transmitting abilities for dairy cows

TPI: Total Production Index-dairy cows, attempt to project expected performance

EPD: Expected Progeny Difference-calculated by beef breed associations to attempt to project expected performance above or below average for weaning weight, yearling weight marbling, back fat thickness, etc.
Culling programs are based on what items, in order of importance?
#1-Reproductive failure-open or calf death
#2 Sickness -febrile animals cannot be used for food
#3-Health criteria
#4 Performance
#5 Genetics
What is one way to decrease stress in all animals?
Prper animal handling
What is the #1 factor in decreased milk production?
Sub-clinical mastitis
What is the best predictor of future performance in beef cattle?
EPD- Expected progeny difference
What are 2 common quantitative techniques used by animal breeders for animals to keep, breed or cull?
*Genetic selection using statistical analysis of important trait

*Phenotypic selection using group performance indexes
How is a phenotypic trait described?
It is a trait that is a result of gene expression and environmental influences
What are 2 reasons for indexing/grading an animals trait(s)?
*It allows a producer to select the best/worst animal from 2 or more groups regardless of groups environmental or management differences
*Statisticians will calculate a contemporary group index that is then used to calculate EPD or TPI statistics for the animals in the group.
Genetic selection using EPD or PTA statistics requires:
Statistical analysis of phenotypic trait measurements from the individual, it's ancestors, siblings and progeny
The main use for DNA typing (fingerprinting) in livestock is:
Verification of sire or dam
What is the most common reason for culling a beef cow?
Repro failure
Prior to examining a sick/injured animal, what should you do?
Observe at a distance, undisturbed and unrestrained
Perinural anesthesia is used in lameness exam to:
localize the lameness
When the vet is using a series of perineural anesthesia injections in a lameness exam, the first injection should be given?
In the digital nerve at the lowest part of the leg at the pastern area
When prepping a horse for perineural anesthesia injections, do you need to Clip & do 3 scrub prep?
No, but clipping each area in a series of injections may allow vet to keep track of sites
What type of prep is needed for arthrocentesis?
Pre-surgical scrub prep
What are 3 tissues that are suited for ultrasonography?

What is one that is NOT?
Muscle, tendons, ligaments

NOT---->Bones
An ultrasound machine interprets reflected sound waves to produce a video image that represents
A cross sectional image of scanned tissues
What are signs of abdominal pain in horses?
Pawing at stomach
stretching
rolling
labored breathing
looking at belly
groaning
Cellularity of joint fluid should be:
Close to 0%, no more than 3% WBC max.

*Joint filters out RBC/WBC with synovial fluid production and the capsules
Some of the qualities of a 3.5 megahertz ultrasound probe are?
Bigger image
less resolution
more penetration
slower frame rate
Glucose absorption testing is for ______________ because oral monosaccrides require no digestion prior to absorption from intestines. The animal is fasted for 12 hours and a __________ reading must be obtained to dosing with glucose at a rate of 10ml/kg for a glucose series.
malabsorption

baseline
Lactose absorption testing for lactose intolerance in foals is testing _____________. If lactose test is abnormal, it may be followed by a _______________.
digestion and absorption

glucose test
What is the most common impaction site in horses?
Left colon at pelvic flexure
Equine Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (ER) or Tying Up or Azoturia or Monday Morning Disease is a
syndrome that damages the muscle tissue in horses. It is may be due to overfeeding a horse carbohydrates and appears to have a genetic link. ER occurs when there is an inadequate flow of blood to the muscles of an exercising horse. The muscle cells, lacking in oxygen, begin to function anaerobically to produce the needed ATP. The anaerobic work creates a buildup of waste products, acid, and heat. This subsequently alters the cell by preventing the cell's enzymes from functioning and the myofilaments from efficiently contracting. The cell membranes may then be damaged if the horse is forced to continue work, which allows muscle enzymes and myoglobin to leak into the bloodstream.
What type of needle is commonly used for biopsy?
Vim-silverman biopsy needle
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP, HyperKPP) is a genetic disorder which occurs in both humans and horses, where it is also known as Impressive Syndrome and is a genetic disorder that
affects sodium channels in muscle cells and the ability to regulate potassium levels in the blood
A free martin is a
sterile female calf born twin to a male calf. Bull calf will be normal
Scrotal circumference is checked at about a year of age and indicates
At what point the animal is in regards to puberty.
Necropsy is a part of P/E and is a very important tool when _______
there is an outbreak of disease in an area.