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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common agent of bovine pyelonephritis?
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Corynebacterium renale
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What is the most common agent(s) of porcine pyelonephritis
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Corynebacterium renale
Corynebacterium suis |
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What is the drug of choice for bovine pyelonephritis?
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procaine penicillin
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Risk factors for large animal urolithiasis?
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high concentrates, phosphorous, silica or oxalate
vitamin A deficiency excess estrogen |
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True/False. In the case of urolithiasis and blockage, cattle and pigs may vocalize.
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False. Sheep and goats.
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What drug can be given to cattle with partial urinary obstruction?
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Aminopromazine
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Which leptospira serovars are implicated in bovine renal disease (in U.S.)?
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L. pomona
L. hardjo bovis |
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What are signs of leptospirosis?
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fever
anemia and hemoglobinuria, jaundice muscle weakness yellow, clotted, stringy milk abortion |
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How to deal with chronic leptospiral infection?
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vaccination and strategic use of abx at dry-off can clear a herd by 14 months
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True/False. Leptospirosis vaccination at dry-off can eliminate carrier state.
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True. Can be used to treat as well.
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True/False. Fibropapillomas are common in middle aged bulls.
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False. Young bulls 1-2 years old.
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True/False. In cases of preputial laceration complex, surgery should be undertaken immediately to avoid phimosis, paraphimosis and adhesions.
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False. Should wait 8-10 days.
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How long is sperm viable after vasectomy, epididyectomy?
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30 days
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When is castration of bulls typically done?
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6-10 weeks
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What do you vaccinate for if using emasculator for castration > 10 weeks?
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blackleg
malignant edema |
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When is the easiest time to castrate pigs?
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< 3 weeks
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When are lamb rams castrated?
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first 12 hours of life
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When can rubber rings be used for ram lamb castration?
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First week of life only
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True/False. Tetanus prophylaxis is not necessary following bovine C-section.
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True.
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most common cause for absence of lung tones in the bovine?
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penumothorax
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When treating for BRD, what should look for if treatment is successful?
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Drop in temp 1-2 degrees by 24-48 hours.
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This agent is part of Enzootic Calf Pneumonia
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Pasteurella Multocida
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Which respiratory infectious agents produce abscesses?
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Histophilus somni
Arcanobacter pyogenes |
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Calves are most likely to get mycoplasma infections from what?
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mastitic cow
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A cow with respiratory disease presents with white plaques on her nose.
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Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
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True/False. Bovine viral diarrhea is often a primary cause of respiratory disease in cows.
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False. Can cause profound immunosuppression.
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2 weeks after being turned out on pasture this spring, several cows presen acutely with profound dyspnea.
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Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema (fog fever)
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What can be used to prevent fog fever in cows on lush pasture?
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Ionophores
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What can be underlying causes for calves and adults with inhalation pneumonia?
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calves- white muscle diease
adults- milk fever |
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What are the type of signs in calves and adult cows of tuberculosis?
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calves- GI
adults- coughing |
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True/False. Tuberculosis testing in cows is very sensitive, but not very specific.
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False. Not 100% sensitive, but very specific.
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A cow tests positive for tuberculosis. What do you do?
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Call state vet- conduct cervical test
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How to calculate millking pulsator and system needs?
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(3*# of units + 24)*1.2
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What type of vacuum regulator is considered most appropriate?
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modern diaphragm
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What is a typical pulsation rate and pulsation ratio?
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60/min
60:40 |
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name the 3 contagious agents of mastitis
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strep agalactiae
staph aureus mycoplasma |
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A cow with elevated SCC but no clinical signs is culture and comes back as coagulase-negative staph. What to check next?
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Milking equipment. Staph is normal microflora, introduced by teat injury or irritation.
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Which agent of mastitis is harbored in wood shavings?
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Klebsiella
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Which infectious mastitis agents cause serum-like milk?
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Coliforms
Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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For which form of mastitis is banamine an appropriate therapy?
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Coliform mastitis- has anti-LPS activity
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Arcanobacter pyogenes
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Summer mastitis
Respiratory abscesses valvular endocarditis |
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Which mastitis agent causes "toothpaste" milk?
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Arcanobacter pyogenes
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True/False. Iodine-based dips are appropriate for the control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mastitis.
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False.
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Which forms of mastitis may be accompanied by fever?
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Staph aureus
Coliform Yeast Arcanobacter pyogenes |
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Culture of the bulk tank reveals Corynebacterium bovis. What is your plan of action?
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Review dipping technique. This is not a pathogen, but indicates poor dipping.
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A cow has scabs on her udder elevated by granulation tissue. Worker's have similar lesions on their hands. What is going on?
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Pseudocowpox
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Which teat lesion causing agent is most common in recently fresh first calf heifers in fall and winter?
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Herpes mammilitis
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What are the differential diagnoses for mastitis?
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udder edema
hemorrhage breakdown of suspensory apparatus stray voltage |
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What is the testing protocol if a:
a) contagious b) environmental agent is suspected? |
contagious- whole herd culturing
environmental- sample cows that are clinically ill |
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Milk with increased conductivity is indicative of what?
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higher sodium and cholride in the milk, result of mastitis
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What are the benefits of forestripping the udder?
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strong signal for milk letdown
removes poorest quality milk identify mastitis decrease new infection by 12% more milk! |
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what are the minimum requirements for teat dipping?
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75% coverage for at least 30 seconds
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How much time between stripping and attachment of milk machine?
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60 seconds
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You're concerned about decreased efficiency and teat lesions due to overmilking. What can you check?
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Should be able to strip 250 ml
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What is the proper bore size for the milk liner?
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3/4" (dime size)
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What is the proper diameter for the milk hose?
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5/8"
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True/False. Antimicrobial resistance is not a big factor in treating mastitis.
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True.
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Signs of sepsis in the camelid?
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hypothermia
tachypnea tachycardia |
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What amount of IgG is consistent with successful colostrum administration in the camelid?
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> 10mg/ml
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When does maternal IgG decline in the camelid?
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2-5 weeks
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A neonatal camelid presents with depression of reflexes, dullness, difficulty maintaining breathing, seizures, azotemia but NO fever.
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Perinatal Asphyxia Syndrome
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What is the most common congenital disorder in the camelid?
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VSD
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True/False. The cytopathic strain of BVDV is what we are most concerned about in camelids.
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False- noncytopathic strain
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When can chronic infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus occur in a camelid?
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Dam infected later in pregnancy or in neonate shortly after birth
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Signs of persistent infection in camelid with bovine viral diarrhea virus.
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unthrifty
longer primary fibers will not have antibodies against BVD virus |
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You diagnose a sick camelid with BVD virus. What can you do to determine if this is a transient vs chronic infection?
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Retest in 3 weeks, a transient infection should have cleared.
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What concurrent features can be seen in calves with congenital heart defects?
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wry tail
microphthalmia |
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What are three things that can cause bradycardia in the cow?
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vagal indigestion
pituitary abscess botulism |
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What is bradycardia in a sick cow?
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60 bpm
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True/False. There is normally no pulsation in the mammary vein.
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True.
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When is heart sound intensity increased in bovines?
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endocarditis
displacement toward body wall early shock |
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What type of arrhythmia in the cow?
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A fib
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Which agents typically cause infectious cardiomyositis in the cow?
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histophilus somnus
arcanobacterium pyogenes |
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What are a couple signs of septic myocarditis?
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tachycardia
paroxysmal arrhythmias |
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What is the most common isolate of bovine valvular endocarditis?
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Arcanobacter pyogenes
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What drug can be used to treat valvular endocarditis in the bovine?
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penicillin, or most recently Rifampin
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Rule outs for bovine pericardial effusion?
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Lymphosarcoma
Hardware |
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Animals with what degree of fever are considered FSIS suspect?
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> 105 cattle
>106 swine |
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Which species can be scored based on vocalization for meat processing?
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pigs and cattle
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Bile duct thickening on post slaughter inspection is almost pathognomonic for what?
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Salmonella
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Why do you palpate the diaphragm on postmortem exam?
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Trichinella
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Treatment for anaplasma infection?
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oxytetracycline
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Which hematologic abnormalit(ies) cause CNS signs?
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Babesia
Anthrax Water intoxication |
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Which drug is helpful for clearing Leptospirosis pomona?
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Dihydrostreptomycin
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Treatment for babesiosis?
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diproprionate
diminazene aceturate |
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True/False. Babesiosis is predominantly a disease of calves.
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False. Calves < 6 months are resistant
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Extravascular hemolysis in bovines
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Anaplasma
Leptospirosis? |
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Decreased TIBC and increased serum ferritin and BM reserves is indicative of what?
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Anemia of chronic disease
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Elevated transferrin, decreased ferritin is indicative of what?
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Iron deficiency
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What is the most common cause of Iron deficiency in the bovine?
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blood loss
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PT is elevated due to deficiency in what factors?
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fibrinogen
prothrombin V, VII, X |
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Calf presents with anorexia, depression, hemoglobinuria. If this is copper toxicosis, what would you expect on blood draw?
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chocolate brown blood
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treatment for copper toxicosis?
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d-penicilliamine
molybdenum anhydrous sodium sulfate |
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Treatment for a calf with severe water intoxication?
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hypertonic saline
mannitol corticosteroids |
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True/False. BSE can be spread by both vertical and horizontal transmission.
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False. Neither. Causative agent from Scrapie-affected sheep or fed parts of cattle with previously unidentified prion.
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When does rabies vaccination start in the calf?
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3 months
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Which neurologic disease of cattle is characterized by high fever?
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TEME- histophilus somni. Also causes myocarditis, pleuropneumonia, arthritis
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Which bovine neurologic disease is usually preceded by 2 weeks respiratory signs?
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TEME- histophilus somni
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A cow with neurologic signs (blindness, nystagmus, opisthotonus, etc) died at the feedlot. You open her up and find disseminated multifocal hemorrhages and suppurative pleuritis. What do you suspect?
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TEME
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Treatment for lead toxicity in cows?
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rumenotomy
oral Mg3(SO4)2 thiamine |
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Which neurologic abnormalities cause the brain to appear yellow with flattened cerebral gyri?
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Lead toxicity
Polioencephalomalacia |
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Which muscle relaxants are used to treat cows with tetanus?
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promazines
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A cow with signs of general illness and CNS signs with dorsomedial strabismus is almost pathognomonic for what?
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Polioencephalomalacia
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Which bovine neuro disease is associated with cranial nerve signs?
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Listeriosis
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Phimosis
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Inability to extend the penis
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Paraphimosis
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Inability to retract the penis
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True/False. Inguinal hernias usually occur in mature bulls.
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True.
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True/False. An indirect inguinal hernia presents as a non-emergency in the bull, and is more common (than direct).
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True.
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What considerations should be made for a cow undergoing standing C-section?
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Chance that she'll lay down- recumbent- bloat
more difficult to maintain asepsis |
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Which bovine respiratory disease(s) can cause lameness?
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Histophilus somni (TEME)
(Arcanobacter pyogenes) Mycoplasma |
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Which vaccines for BRD are considered standard?
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IBR
BVD BRSV PI3 |
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Which vaccines associated with BRD can be given as needed?
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Pasteurella
H. somnus (not consistently effective) |
