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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
site planning |
- arranging the external physical environment to support human behaviour - must be informed - protects and restores degraded natural and cultural resources and minimizes detrimental impacts of development on the environment |
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map |
- graphic representation or model of a geographic setting - provides info on spatial relationships - study space, info to be displayed, locations where info applies |
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Nominal Scale |
attribute values that do not imply rank or order ex. Land Use |
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Ordinal Scale |
conveys a gradation or ranking of elements ex. Soil Map |
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Interval Scale |
attributes with continuous spatial distributions and equal increments between units ex. Topographic Elevation |
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Ratio Scale |
divides one attribute value by another ex. Topographic Slope (divide rise over run)
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Reference Maps |
convey info about a variety of natural and cultural phenomena, showing natural and built features |
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Thematic Maps |
display info about a single, spatially distributed attribute |
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Chloropleth Thematic Map |
Displaying many attributes and classes |
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Isopleth Thematic Map |
Locations and numerical values of a single attribute |
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Charts |
Maps to aid in transportation |
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Urban Infill |
development that occurs on vacant or remnant lands passing over by previous development |
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Urban redevelopment |
replacement, remodelling, or reuse of existing structures to accomodate new development |
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Site selection process (7) |
1 - project objectives and requirements 2 - determine site selection criteria 3 - identify potential sites 4 - evaluate sites suitability 5 - rank alternative sites 6 - select best site and document results 7 - test project feasability |
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Project objectives and requirements |
- engage stakeholders in site selection - promote public interest |
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determine site selection criteria |
- physical and legal conditions |
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identify potential sites |
- client may provide list of may need to identify as consultant |
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evaluate site suitability |
- additional data aids in assessing suitability (GIS) |
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Rank Alternative sites |
- generated using site suitability analysis |
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select best site |
type of client and project determines who decides |
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feasability study (4) |
- market analysis - assessment of site and context - pro forma financial statements - design concepts |
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costs associated with site selection (6) |
1 - holding costs 2 - approval costs 3 - construction and mitigation costs 4 - engineering costs 5 - operational and maintenance costs 6 - development incentives |
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successful programming (4) |
1 - communicates proposed process to all involved 2 - no locked in preconceived solutions 3 - reconciles subcomponent needs with overall goals 4 - test and review design concepts |
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4 steps to programming |
1 - initiate project 2 - develop project missions and objectives 3 - determine projects operational and physical requirements 4 - document and present program |
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Topographic surveys (8) |
1 - legal - proprety lines 2 - topography - contours/spots 3 - vegetation - wooded areas 4 - soils - bore holes 5 - hydrology - water 6 - utilities - all lines 7 - structures - existing buildings 8 - circulation - streets, curbs, gutters |
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chloropleth map |
colour coded to show various attributes |
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viewsheds |
visibility on a site |
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soil attributes (5) |
1 - acidity/alkalinity 2 - permeability 3 - erosion potential 4 - depth to seasonally high-water table 5 - depth to bedrock |
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climate attributes (7) |
1 - temp 2 - humidity 3 - wind 4 - rainfall 5 - snowfall 6 - solar rad. 7 - potential natural hazards |
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ecological communities |
- an aggregation of interacting species living together in the same place |
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ecotones |
- spatial boundaries of communities |
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megafauna |
large animals |
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megaflora |
exceptionally large plant species |
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3 wetland categories |
1 - areas w/ hydrophytes and hydric soils (marsh, swamp) 2 - areas w/out soils but with hydrophytes (aquatic beds, seaweed on rocky shores) 3 - areas with out soils and with out hydrophytes (gravel beaches, tidal flats) |
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tree inventory |
1 - size 2 - species 3 - location 4 - old |
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tenure |
land ownership |
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comprehensive plans |
community level vision statements about how a community intends to grow and develop |
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typical comprehensive plan goals |
1 - promote redevelopment of lands w/ existing infrastructure 2 - support range of transportation 3 - promote natural areas 4 - promote economically productive areas 5 - efficient development patterns 6 - preserve cultural, historical, archaeological sites 7 - build community ID 8 - affordable housing |
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legal constraints (9) |
1 - zoning 2 - easements 3 - government agencies 4 - building placement requirements 5 - build-able area 6 - building height, bulk etc. 7 - parking 8 - open space 9 - landscape |
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access easements |
ensure physical access to or across a site from adjacent properties |
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utility easements |
provide physical access to utility infrastructure |
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conservation easements |
restrict development potential to protect certain areas such as recreational areas and important ecosystem functions |
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scenic easements |
protect viewsheds |
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solar easements |
protect solar access to adjacent properties |
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5 elements of a city |
1 - edges 2 - paths 3 - districts 4 - nodes 5 - landmarks |
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landform |
- also referred to topography - three-dimensional relief of the earth's surface - site's landform can suggest to the designer the overall organization and orientation that various uses, spaces, and other elements should take to be compatible with the inherent compostion of the site |
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landform influences the following (6) |
1 - aesthetic character 2 - spatial sensation 3 - views 4 - drainage 5 - microclimate 6 - functional use of the land |
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contour lines |
a line on a plan drawing that connects all points that are an equal distance above or below a horizontal reference plan (also referred to as a datum or benchmark) |
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contour interval |
vertical distance between any two contour lines on a given plan - is a constant number often noted in the legend of the drawing |
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contour lines pointing uphill |
valley |
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contour lines pointing downhill |
ridge |
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represents the vertical elevation above or below a horizontal reference plane at a single, particular point. Shown on a plan by a cross mark or dot and labelled |
spot elevations |
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interpolation |
the procedure to determine the elevation of a spot |
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short, disconnected lines drawn perpendicular to the slope and contour lines |
Hachures |
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elevation relief map |
shows different increments of elevation by varied shade and colors |
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slope analysis map |
based on steepness of slope and often represents steeper slopes with darker tones and gentle slopes with lighter |
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ratio method |
defines slope steepness by means of a ratio between the horizontal distance and vertical elevation change with the slope (small-scale) |
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percentage method |
percent of slope is obtained by dividing the vertical elevation change by horizontal distance covered within the slop (more widley used) |
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convex landform |
a high point of ground defined by a generally concentric arrangement of contours. consists of a positive solid mass and a negative space (filled space) - dynamic, aggressive, exciting landform - can serve as focal point |
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central open space |
- spatial focus of the entire design is self centered |
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focused open space |
cluster of buildings but open on one side - strong direction to open side |
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channeled linear space |
proportionally long and narrow, with openings at one or both ends |
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organic linear space |
not straight space but rather continues around corners and frequently disappears out of sight |
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Gravel Advantages |
- allows surface runoff to percolate - less expense in terms of drainage facilities
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Gravel drawback |
- loose, needs to be contained by other elements - can wash away on slopes with surface runoff |
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isoloation joint |
space separating adjoining slabs of concrete (expansion joint) |
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scoring lines |
control joint - cuts in the surface of concrete pavement, provide a line of weakness to control the location of possible cracks |
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Design Process (7) |
1 - project acceptance 2 - research and analysis 3 - design 4 - construction drawings 5 - implementation 6 - post-construction evaluation 7 - maintenance |
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research and analysis order (4) |
1 - base plan prep 2 - site inventory (data collection) and analysis (evaluation) 3 - client interview 4 - program development |
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Design (8) |
1 - ideal functional diagram 2 - site-related functional diagram 3 - concept plan 4 - form composition study 5 - preliminary design 6 - schematic design 7 - master plan 8 - design development |
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Construction drawings (4) |
1 - layout plan 2 - grading plan 3 - planting plan 4 - construction details
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BAse Plan (10) |
1 - property lines 2 - topography 3 - vegetation 4 - bodies of water 5 - buildings 6 - other structures 7 - roads 8 - utilities 9 - immediate off-site conditions 10 - other elements |
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site location and context (5) |
1 - identify land uses and conditions 2 - identify character of neighbourhood 3 - ID location of significant functions in community 4 - ID pattern of vehicular circulation in the neighbourhood 5 - ID zoning ordinances and buildings codes for neighbourhood |
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topography (6) |
1 - ID degree of slopes 2 - ID major landform types 3 - ID areas of erosion and areas of wet ground 4 - ID grade change between inside and outside buildings 5 - check comfort of walking on different areas of site 6 - ID elevation changes between top and bottom of all existing steps and retaining walls
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Hydrology and Drainage (6) |
1 - ID watersheds and divides between each 2 - ID major bodies of surface water 3 - ID seasonal fluctuation of streams and lakes 4 - ID wet spots or standing water 5 -ID subsurface water conditions 6 - ID drainage onto and away from site |
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Soil (5) |
1 - ID soil type (acidic, alkalinity etc.) 2 - ID depth of topsoil layer 3 - ID depth to bedrock 4 - ID general rate of percolation 5 - ID limitations for building on various soil types |
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Vegetation (5) |
1 - ID and locate existing plant material 2 - ID zones of different plant material (large sites) 3 - ID specific plant species (small sites) 4 - ID conditions and value 5 - ID restrictions for developing in or around existing vegetation |
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MicroClimate (12) |
1 - ID plan direction of sun at sunrise and sunset 2 - ID height of sun at critical times 3 - ID sunny areas at critical times 4 - ID areas w/ intense summer sun 5 - ID shadow patterns 6 - ID prevailing wind 7 - ID areas protected from breezes 8 - ID areas exposed or protected from winter winds 9 - ID overall temp ranges 10 - ID areas of cool air drainage 11 - ID areas of heavy and least precip. 12 - ID depth to frost line |
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Existing Buildings (5) |
1 - architectural style 2 - overall massing and height 3 - ID materials of facade 4 - ID location of doors and windows 5 - ID location of rooms inside buildings |
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Other Existing STructures (2) |
1 - location, condition, purpose, materials etc. 2 - ID height above ground |
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Utilities (5) |
1 - location, height above/below ground 2 - location and height of air conditioner or heat pump 3 - location of pool equipment and pipes 4 - location of lights and electric lines 5 - location of irrigation system |
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Views (3) |
1 - observe and ID what is seen from all sides of the site 2 - observe and ID views from inside the building looking out 3 - observe and ID views from off the site looking on |
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Spaces and Senses (4) |
1 - ID existing 'outdoor rooms' 2 - ID the feeling and character of these rooms 3 - ID and locate unique or disturbing noises 4 - ID and locate unique or disturbing smells
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Site Functions (6) |
1 - ID how the site is currently used 2 - ID location, time and frequency for various uses/user group actions 3 - ID and locate maintenance problems 4 - ID and locate special areas of wear and tear 5 - identify how one arrives at site 6 - ID location for dumping snow in winter |
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ideal functional diagram |
- beginning point of graphic development - purpose is to identify the best and most appropriate relationships that should exist between the major proposed functions and spaces of the design |
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site-related functional diagram |
- next step - adapt the relationships to the known conditions of the given site |