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86 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

site planning

- arranging the external physical environment to support human behaviour


- must be informed


- protects and restores degraded natural and cultural resources and minimizes detrimental impacts of development on the environment

map

- graphic representation or model of a geographic setting


- provides info on spatial relationships


- study space, info to be displayed, locations where info applies

Nominal Scale

attribute values that do not imply rank or order ex. Land Use

Ordinal Scale

conveys a gradation or ranking of elements


ex. Soil Map

Interval Scale

attributes with continuous spatial distributions and equal increments between units


ex. Topographic Elevation

Ratio Scale

divides one attribute value by another


ex. Topographic Slope (divide rise over run)


Reference Maps

convey info about a variety of natural and cultural phenomena, showing natural and built features

Thematic Maps

display info about a single, spatially distributed attribute

Chloropleth Thematic Map

Displaying many attributes and classes

Isopleth Thematic Map

Locations and numerical values of a single attribute

Charts

Maps to aid in transportation

Urban Infill

development that occurs on vacant or remnant lands passing over by previous development

Urban redevelopment

replacement, remodelling, or reuse of existing structures to accomodate new development

Site selection process (7)

1 - project objectives and requirements


2 - determine site selection criteria


3 - identify potential sites


4 - evaluate sites suitability


5 - rank alternative sites


6 - select best site and document results


7 - test project feasability

Project objectives and requirements

- engage stakeholders in site selection


- promote public interest

determine site selection criteria

- physical and legal conditions

identify potential sites

- client may provide list of may need to identify as consultant

evaluate site suitability

- additional data aids in assessing suitability (GIS)

Rank Alternative sites

- generated using site suitability analysis

select best site

type of client and project determines who decides

feasability study (4)

- market analysis


- assessment of site and context


- pro forma financial statements


- design concepts

costs associated with site selection (6)

1 - holding costs


2 - approval costs


3 - construction and mitigation costs


4 - engineering costs


5 - operational and maintenance costs


6 - development incentives

successful programming (4)

1 - communicates proposed process to all involved


2 - no locked in preconceived solutions


3 - reconciles subcomponent needs with overall goals


4 - test and review design concepts

4 steps to programming

1 - initiate project


2 - develop project missions and objectives


3 - determine projects operational and physical requirements


4 - document and present program

Topographic surveys (8)

1 - legal - proprety lines


2 - topography - contours/spots


3 - vegetation - wooded areas


4 - soils - bore holes


5 - hydrology - water


6 - utilities - all lines


7 - structures - existing buildings


8 - circulation - streets, curbs, gutters

chloropleth map

colour coded to show various attributes

viewsheds

visibility on a site

soil attributes (5)

1 - acidity/alkalinity


2 - permeability


3 - erosion potential


4 - depth to seasonally high-water table


5 - depth to bedrock

climate attributes (7)

1 - temp


2 - humidity


3 - wind


4 - rainfall


5 - snowfall


6 - solar rad.


7 - potential natural hazards

ecological communities

- an aggregation of interacting species living together in the same place

ecotones

- spatial boundaries of communities

megafauna

large animals

megaflora

exceptionally large plant species

3 wetland categories

1 - areas w/ hydrophytes and hydric soils (marsh, swamp)


2 - areas w/out soils but with hydrophytes (aquatic beds, seaweed on rocky shores)


3 - areas with out soils and with out hydrophytes (gravel beaches, tidal flats)

tree inventory

1 - size


2 - species


3 - location


4 - old

tenure

land ownership

comprehensive plans

community level vision statements about how a community intends to grow and develop

typical comprehensive plan goals

1 - promote redevelopment of lands w/ existing infrastructure


2 - support range of transportation


3 - promote natural areas


4 - promote economically productive areas


5 - efficient development patterns


6 - preserve cultural, historical, archaeological sites


7 - build community ID


8 - affordable housing

legal constraints (9)

1 - zoning


2 - easements


3 - government agencies


4 - building placement requirements


5 - build-able area


6 - building height, bulk etc.


7 - parking


8 - open space


9 - landscape

access easements

ensure physical access to or across a site from adjacent properties

utility easements

provide physical access to utility infrastructure

conservation easements

restrict development potential to protect certain areas such as recreational areas and important ecosystem functions

scenic easements

protect viewsheds

solar easements

protect solar access to adjacent properties

5 elements of a city

1 - edges


2 - paths


3 - districts


4 - nodes


5 - landmarks

landform

- also referred to topography


- three-dimensional relief of the earth's surface


- site's landform can suggest to the designer the overall organization and orientation that various uses, spaces, and other elements should take to be compatible with the inherent compostion of the site

landform influences the following (6)

1 - aesthetic character


2 - spatial sensation


3 - views


4 - drainage


5 - microclimate


6 - functional use of the land

contour lines

a line on a plan drawing that connects all points that are an equal distance above or below a horizontal reference plan (also referred to as a datum or benchmark)

contour interval

vertical distance between any two contour lines on a given plan - is a constant number often noted in the legend of the drawing

contour lines pointing uphill

valley

contour lines pointing downhill

ridge

represents the vertical elevation above or below a horizontal reference plane at a single, particular point. Shown on a plan by a cross mark or dot and labelled

spot elevations

interpolation

the procedure to determine the elevation of a spot

short, disconnected lines drawn perpendicular to the slope and contour lines

Hachures

elevation relief map

shows different increments of elevation by varied shade and colors

slope analysis map

based on steepness of slope and often represents steeper slopes with darker tones and gentle slopes with lighter

ratio method

defines slope steepness by means of a ratio between the horizontal distance and vertical elevation change with the slope (small-scale)

percentage method

percent of slope is obtained by dividing the vertical elevation change by horizontal distance covered within the slop (more widley used)

convex landform

a high point of ground defined by a generally concentric arrangement of contours. consists of a positive solid mass and a negative space (filled space)


- dynamic, aggressive, exciting landform


- can serve as focal point

central open space

- spatial focus of the entire design is self centered

focused open space

cluster of buildings but open on one side - strong direction to open side

channeled linear space

proportionally long and narrow, with openings at one or both ends

organic linear space

not straight space but rather continues around corners and frequently disappears out of sight

Gravel Advantages

- allows surface runoff to percolate


- less expense in terms of drainage facilities


Gravel drawback

- loose, needs to be contained by other elements


- can wash away on slopes with surface runoff

isoloation joint


space separating adjoining slabs of concrete


(expansion joint)

scoring lines

control joint - cuts in the surface of concrete pavement, provide a line of weakness to control the location of possible cracks

Design Process (7)

1 - project acceptance


2 - research and analysis


3 - design


4 - construction drawings


5 - implementation


6 - post-construction evaluation


7 - maintenance

research and analysis order (4)

1 - base plan prep


2 - site inventory (data collection) and analysis (evaluation)


3 - client interview


4 - program development

Design (8)

1 - ideal functional diagram


2 - site-related functional diagram


3 - concept plan


4 - form composition study


5 - preliminary design


6 - schematic design


7 - master plan


8 - design development

Construction drawings (4)

1 - layout plan


2 - grading plan


3 - planting plan


4 - construction details


BAse Plan (10)

1 - property lines


2 - topography


3 - vegetation


4 - bodies of water


5 - buildings


6 - other structures


7 - roads


8 - utilities


9 - immediate off-site conditions


10 - other elements

site location and context (5)

1 - identify land uses and conditions


2 - identify character of neighbourhood


3 - ID location of significant functions in community


4 - ID pattern of vehicular circulation in the neighbourhood


5 - ID zoning ordinances and buildings codes for neighbourhood

topography (6)

1 - ID degree of slopes


2 - ID major landform types


3 - ID areas of erosion and areas of wet ground


4 - ID grade change between inside and outside buildings


5 - check comfort of walking on different areas of site


6 - ID elevation changes between top and bottom of all existing steps and retaining walls


Hydrology and Drainage (6)

1 - ID watersheds and divides between each


2 - ID major bodies of surface water


3 - ID seasonal fluctuation of streams and lakes


4 - ID wet spots or standing water


5 -ID subsurface water conditions


6 - ID drainage onto and away from site

Soil (5)

1 - ID soil type (acidic, alkalinity etc.)


2 - ID depth of topsoil layer


3 - ID depth to bedrock


4 - ID general rate of percolation


5 - ID limitations for building on various soil types

Vegetation (5)

1 - ID and locate existing plant material


2 - ID zones of different plant material (large sites)


3 - ID specific plant species (small sites)


4 - ID conditions and value


5 - ID restrictions for developing in or around existing vegetation

MicroClimate (12)

1 - ID plan direction of sun at sunrise and sunset


2 - ID height of sun at critical times


3 - ID sunny areas at critical times


4 - ID areas w/ intense summer sun


5 - ID shadow patterns


6 - ID prevailing wind


7 - ID areas protected from breezes


8 - ID areas exposed or protected from winter winds


9 - ID overall temp ranges


10 - ID areas of cool air drainage


11 - ID areas of heavy and least precip.


12 - ID depth to frost line

Existing Buildings (5)

1 - architectural style


2 - overall massing and height


3 - ID materials of facade


4 - ID location of doors and windows


5 - ID location of rooms inside buildings

Other Existing STructures (2)

1 - location, condition, purpose, materials etc.


2 - ID height above ground

Utilities (5)

1 - location, height above/below ground


2 - location and height of air conditioner or heat pump


3 - location of pool equipment and pipes


4 - location of lights and electric lines


5 - location of irrigation system

Views (3)

1 - observe and ID what is seen from all sides of the site


2 - observe and ID views from inside the building looking out


3 - observe and ID views from off the site looking on

Spaces and Senses (4)

1 - ID existing 'outdoor rooms'


2 - ID the feeling and character of these rooms


3 - ID and locate unique or disturbing noises


4 - ID and locate unique or disturbing smells


Site Functions (6)

1 - ID how the site is currently used


2 - ID location, time and frequency for various uses/user group actions


3 - ID and locate maintenance problems


4 - ID and locate special areas of wear and tear


5 - identify how one arrives at site


6 - ID location for dumping snow in winter

ideal functional diagram

- beginning point of graphic development


- purpose is to identify the best and most appropriate relationships that should exist between the major proposed functions and spaces of the design

site-related functional diagram

- next step


- adapt the relationships to the known conditions of the given site