Language Terms

Front 1

audience

Back 1

the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event, such as a play, movie, concert, or meeting

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bias

Back 2

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair

Front 3

cliché

Back 3

a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought

Front 4

coherence

Back 4

the quality of being logical and consistent

Front 5

parallel structure

Back 5

method of coherence- the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter.

Front 6

pronoun reference

Back 6

method of coherence- a word that functions as a replacement for any member of aclass of words or constructions, as do in He doesn't know but I do.

Front 7

repetition

Back 7

method of coherence- the action of repeating something that has already been said or written

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transitions

Back 8

method of coherence- a change from one state or condition to another

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comparrison

Back 9

the considering of two things with regard to somecharacteristic that is common to both,

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composition

Back 10

how something is made up

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context

Back 11

the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed

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contrast

Back 12

the state of being strikingly different from something else, typically something in juxtaposition or close association

Front 13

emphatic devices

Back 13

font, listing, punctuation, repetition, parallel structure, sentence fragments, short sentences

Front 14

argumentation

Back 14

reasoned explanation of ones thoughts supported by proof

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persuasion

Back 15

while is a reasoned explanation, it supports ones thoughts relying on emotional appeals.

Front 16

example and illustration

Back 16

used to support an idea, reinforce a contention or belief, or to clarify a subject or topic.

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cause and effect

Back 17

interdependent relationships. they attempt to answer the why and what of a situation.

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process analysis

Back 18

gives directions and/or simply provides information about how to preform a particular task, how something happened or how something works.

Front 19

classification and division

Back 19

is a means whereby items, information and ideas are organized.

Front 20

comparison and contrast

Back 20

uses similarities and differences, or a combination of the two, to illustrate and discuss an idea

Front 21

analogy

Back 21

comparison of a literal object or simple topic to a figurative or complex idea throughout the course of an essay.

Front 22

definition

Back 22

used to introduce a subject and arouse interest, definitions are often personal slants on an emotional or abstract topic

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relevant fact

Back 23

will help to define the main issue of the essay by suggesting some fact on that matter.

Front 24

unusual detail

Back 24

used to create interest in a topic by exploring or presenting details about the topic that might be unknown by some.

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rhetorical question

Back 25

provokes throught form the reader as the questions may not be answered.

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personal experience

Back 26

links the reader and writer. sometimes interest is created by such a connection.

Front 27

short narrative or example

Back 27

creates an interest in the topic by making the subject more concreate or real.

Front 28

direct statement of purpose/ thesis statement

Back 28

it is the least effective method to create interest but is needed to identify the topic and its treatment for the reader.

Front 29

methods to conclude

Back 29

call to action, climax, summary, thesis restatement, closing by return

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climax

Back 30

saving the strongest and most important argument for last, making it the culmination of the arguments presented.

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call to action

Back 31

a definite request byt the author that the reader do something as a result of reading. this is a must in a persuasive essay.

Front 32

summary

Back 32

a simple repitition of the key points of the essay is often necessary if the essay is long and the writer wants to remind the reader of the key arguments

Front 33

thesis restatement

Back 33

a rewording of the thesis which reminds readers of the main topic and its method of treatment

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closing by return

Back 34

serves as a reminder to the reader.the writer could use words or phrases from the introduction of the essay at the end to bring the reader full circle

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journal

Back 35

a record of news and events of a personal nature

Front 36

jargon

Back 36

language style- special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand

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colloquial

Back 37

language style- used in ordinary or familiar conversation; not formal or literary

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dialect

Back 38

language style- a particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group

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euphemisms

Back 39

language style- a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing

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formal

Back 40

language style- of or denoting a style of writing or public speaking characterized by more elaborate grammatical structures and more conservative and technical vocabulary.

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informal

Back 41

language style- of or denoting a style of writing or conversational speech characterized by simple grammatical structures, familiar vocabulary, and use of idioms

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slang

Back 42

language style- consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people

Front 43

paraphrase

Back 43

express the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, especially to achieve greater clarity

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rhetorical question

Back 44

a question asked for effect that neither expects nor requires an answer. causes reader to stop and think

Front 45

transitional terms

Back 45

logical, oppositional, spatial, temporal, chronological.