Language Of Medicine Chapter 7 - Terminology - Eighth Edition

Front 1

Abscess

Back 1

Collection of pus

Front 2

Acetone

Back 2

Keytone bodies

Front 3

Albuminuria

Back 3

Protien in the urine

Front 4

Antidiuretic hormone

Back 4

A hormone excreted by the pituitary gland which helps to reabsorb water into the bloodstream

Front 5

Anuria

Back 5

No urination

Front 6

Arteriole

Back 6

Small artery

Front 7

Azontemia

Back 7

An abonormal blood condition of nitrogen / waste

Front 8

Bacteriuria

Back 8

Bacteria in the urine

Front 9

Bowman capsule

Back 9

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus

Front 10

Caliceal

Back 10

Hernia of the calyx

Front 11

Caliectasis

Back 11

Dilation of the renal calyx

Front 12

Singular: Calyx (calix);
Plural: Calyces (calices)

Back 12

1. Any cuplike organ or cavit
2. A cuplike extension of the renal pelvis that encloses the papilla of a renal pyramid; urine from the papillary duct is emptied into it

Front 13

Catheter

Back 13

Tube for injecting or removing fluids

Front 14

Cortex

Back 14

Outer region; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney

Front 15

Cortical

Back 15

Pertaining to the cortex

Front 16

Creatinine

Back 16

Waste product of muscle metabolism; nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Front 17

Creatinine clearance test

Back 17

A test which measures the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood

Front 18

Cystectomy

Back 18

Removal of the urinary bladder

Front 19

Cystitis

Back 19

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

Front 20

Cystoscopy

Back 20

Visual examination, using an instrument, of the urinary bladder

Front 21

Cystostomy

Back 21

New opening into the urinary bladder

Front 22

Diabetes insipidus

Back 22

Inadequate secretion or resistance of the kidney to the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Front 23

Diabetes mellitus

Back 23

Inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin

Front 24

Diuresis

Back 24

Increased formation and secretion of urine

Front 25

Dysuria

Back 25

Painful or difficult urination

Front 26

Edema

Back 26

Swelling caused by fluid in tissue spaces

Front 27

Electrolyte

Back 27

A chemical element that carries an electical charge when dissolved in water

Front 28

Enuresis

Back 28

Bed-wetting, a condition of being "in-urine"

Front 29

Erythropoietin

Back 29

A a hormone secreted in the kidney/s to increase red blood cells (RBCs)

Front 30

Essential Hypertension

Back 30

Kidney disease which is caused by high blood pressure, where the high blood pressure cause is unknown. The result can be arteriolar damage which can cause stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure or renal failure

Front 31

Filtration

Back 31

Passive process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material. In the kidney, blood pressure forces materials through the filter (glomerulus)

Front 32

Glomerular

Back 32

Pertaining to a glomerulus; clustered

Front 33

Glomerulonephritis

Back 33

Inflammation of the kidney glomerulus

Front 34

Glomerulus; glomeruli

Back 34

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in cortex of kidney

Front 35

Glycosuria

Back 35

Sugar in the urine

Front 36

Hematuria

Back 36

Blood in the urine

Front 37

Hemodialysis

Back 37

Artificial kidney machine which receives waste filled blood from the patient's bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient's body

Front 38

Hilum

Back 38

Depression or hollow i that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Front 39

Hydronephrosis

Back 39

Abnormal condition of water in the kidney

Front 40

Interstitial nephritis

Back 40

Inflammation of the reneal interstitium (connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules)

Front 41

Filtration

Back 41

Passive process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter or other material. In the kidney, blood pressure forces materials through the filter (glomerulus)

Front 42

Glomerular

Back 42

Pertaining to a glomerulus; clustered

Front 43

Glomerulonephritis

Back 43

Inflammation of the kidney glomerulus

Front 44

Glomerulus; glomeruli

Back 44

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in cortex of kidney

Front 45

Glycosuria

Back 45

Sugar in the urine

Front 46

Hematuria

Back 46

Blood in the urine

Front 47

Hemodialysis

Back 47

Artificial kidney machine which receives waste filled blood from the patient's bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient's body

Front 48

Hilum

Back 48

Depression or hollow i that part of an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Front 49

Hydronephrosis

Back 49

Abnormal condition of water in the kidney

Front 50

Interstitial nephritis

Back 50

Inflammation of the reneal interstitium (connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules)

Front 51

Ketonuria

Back 51

Keytone bodies in the urine

Front 52

Ketosis

Back 52

Acid build-up in blood and tissue

Front 53

Lithotripsy

Back 53

Soundwaves or shock waves used to crush stones in the bladder, urethra or renal renal area.

Front 54

Meatal stenosis

Back 54

Pertaining to constriction or narrowing of the urinary meatus opening / canal

Front 55

Meatotomy

Back 55

New opening into the urinary meatus opening / canal

Front 56

Meatus

Back 56

Urinary opening / canal whereby urine leaves the body

Front 57

Medulla

Back 57

Inner region; the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney

Front 58

Medullary

Back 58

Pertaining to the medulla

Front 59

Micturition

Back 59

Urination; the act of voiding

Front 60

Nephrolithiasis

Back 60

Kidney stones (renal calculi)

Front 61

Nephrolithotomy

Back 61

Renal incision for removal of kidney stones

Front 62

Nephron

Back 62

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney

Front 63

Nephropathy

Back 63

Disease of the kidney

Front 64

Nephroptosis

Back 64

Sagging or dropping of the kidney

Front 65

Nephrosclerosis

Back 65

Hardening of the kidney

Front 66

Nephrostomy

Back 66

New opening into the kidney

Front 67

Nephrotic syndrome

Back 67

A group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine

Front 68

Nitrogenous waste

Back 68

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

Front 69

Nocturia

Back 69

Urination at night

Front 70

Oliguria

Back 70

Scanty urine

Front 71

Paranephric

Back 71

Pertaining to above the kidney

Front 72

Perivesical

Back 72

Pertaining to surrounding the urinary bladder

Front 73

Phenylketonuria

Back 73

A congenital, autosomal recessive disease marked by failure to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. It results in severe neurological deficits in infancy if left untreated (PKU)

Front 74

Polycystic kidney disease

Back 74

A disease whereby multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) are within and on the kidneys

Front 75

Polydipsia

Back 75

Pertaining to much thirst (a sign of diabetes insipidus or mellitus)

Front 76

Potassium

Back 76

A electrolyte important to body processes.

Front 77

Pyelogram

Back 77

X-ray record of the renal pelvis

Front 78

Pyelolithotomy

Back 78

Surgical incision of the renal pelvis in order to remove stones

Front 79

Pyelonephritis

Back 79

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla

Front 80

Nephrolithotomy

Back 80

Renal incision for removal of kidney stones

Front 81

Nephron

Back 81

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney

Front 82

Nephropathy

Back 82

Disease of the kidney

Front 83

Nephroptosis

Back 83

Sagging or dropping of the kidney

Front 84

Nephrosclerosis

Back 84

Hardening of the kidney

Front 85

Nephrostomy

Back 85

New opening into the kidney

Front 86

Nephrotic syndrome

Back 86

A group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine

Front 87

Nitrogenous waste

Back 87

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

Front 88

Nocturia

Back 88

Urination at night

Front 89

Oliguria

Back 89

Scanty urine

Front 90

Paranephric

Back 90

Pertaining to above the kidney

Front 91

Peritoneal dialysis

Back 91

Uses a peritoneal catheter (tube) to introduce fluid into the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity

Front 92

Perivesical

Back 92

Pertaining to surrounding the bladder

Front 93

Phenylketonuria

Back 93

Substances that accumulate in the urine of infants born lacking the important enzyme phenalalanine hydroxylase. Normally, this enzyme changes the amino acid phenylalanine to another amino acid, tyrosine.

Front 94

Polycycstic Kidney Disease

Back 94

Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Front 95

Polydipsia

Back 95

Pertaining to excessive thirst (a sign of diabetes isipidus and mellitus)

Front 96

Polyuria

Back 96

Excessive amount of urination

Front 97

Potassium

Back 97

An electrolyte important to body processes. The kidney regulates the balance of potassium in the blood.

Front 98

Pyelogram

Back 98

X-Ray Record of the renal pelvis

Front 99

Pyelolithotomy

Back 99

Surgical incision into the Renal pelvis inorder to remove stones

Front 100

Pyelonephritis

Back 100

Inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla

Front 101

Pyuria

Back 101

Pus in the urine

Front 102

Reabsorption

Back 102

The process whereby the renal tubules return materials necesary to the body back to the bloodstream

Front 103

Renal angiography

Back 103

X-Ray examination (with contrast) of the vascular system (blood vessels) of the kidney

Front 104

Renal angioplasty

Back 104

Dilation of narrowed areas in renal arties

Front 105

Renal artery

Back 105

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Front 106

Renal calculi

Back 106

Kidney stones

Front 107

Renal failure

Back 107

Failure of the kidney to excrete wastes and maintain its filtration function

Front 108

Renal hypertension

Back 108

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Front 109

Renal ischemia

Back 109

Stopping of blood flow to the renal area