Language Of Medicine 9Th Ed. Chapter 3

Front 1

abomin/o

Back 1

abdomen

Front 2

acr/o

Back 2

extremities
top
extreme point

Front 3

acu/o

Back 3

sharp
severe
sudden

Front 4

aden/o

Back 4

gland

Front 5

adip/o

Back 5

fat

Front 6

amni/o

Back 6

amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus

Front 7

angi/o

Back 7

vessel

Front 8

arteri/o

Back 8

artery

Front 9

arthr/o

Back 9

joint

Front 10

axill/o

Back 10

armpit

Front 11

bi/o

Back 11

life

Front 12

blephar/o

Back 12

eyelid

Front 13

bronch/o

Back 13

bronchial tubes
(2 tubes, 1 right @ 1 left, that branch from the trachea to enter the lungs

Front 14

carcin/o

Back 14

cancer

Front 15

cardi/o

Back 15

heart

Front 16

chem/o

Back 16

drug/chemical

Front 17

chondr/o

Back 17

cartilage

Front 18

chron/o

Back 18

time

Front 19

col/o

Back 19

colon, large intestine

Front 20

cyst/o

Back 20

urinary bladder

Front 21

encephal/o

Back 21

brain

Front 22

erythr/o

Back 22

red

Front 23

hem/o

Back 23

blood

Front 24

hepat/o

Back 24

liver

Front 25

hydr/o

Back 25

water, fluid

Front 26

inguin/o

Back 26

groin

Front 27

isch/o

Back 27

to hold back

Front 28

lapar/o

Back 28

abdomen, abominal wall

Front 29

laryng/o

Back 29

larynx (voice box)

Front 30

leuk/o

Back 30

white

Front 31

lymph/o

Back 31

lymph

Front 32

mamm/o

Back 32

breast

Front 33

mast/o

Back 33

breast

Front 34

morph/o

Back 34

shape, form

Front 35

muc/o

Back 35

mucus

Front 36

my/o

Back 36

muscle

Front 37

myel/o

Back 37

spinal cord
bone marrow

Front 38

necr/o

Back 38

death (of cells or whole body)

Front 39

nephr/o

Back 39

kidney

Front 40

neur/o

Back 40

nerve

Front 41

neutr/o

Back 41

neutrophil
(a white blood cell)

Front 42

nucle/o

Back 42

nucleus

Front 43

ophthalm/o

Back 43

eye

Front 44

oste/o

Back 44

bone

Front 45

ot/o

Back 45

ear

Front 46

path/o

Back 46

disease

Front 47

peritone/o

Back 47

peritoneum

Front 48

phag/o

Back 48

to eat, swallow

Front 49

phleb/o

Back 49

vein

Front 50

plas/o

Back 50

formation, development

Front 51

pleur/o

Back 51

pleura ( membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall)

Front 52

pneumon/o

Back 52

lungs

Front 53

pulmon/o

Back 53

lungs

Front 54

radi/o

Back 54

x-rays

Front 55

rect/o

Back 55

rectum

Front 56

ren/o

Back 56

kidney

Front 57

rhin/o

Back 57

nose

Front 58

sarc/o

Back 58

flesh

Front 59

splen/o

Back 59

spleen

Front 60

staphyl/o

Back 60

clusters

Front 61

strept/o

Back 61

twisted chains

Front 62

thorac/o

Back 62

chest

Front 63

thromb/o

Back 63

clot

Front 64

tonsill/o

Back 64

tonsils

Front 65

Special culture requirements for: Legionella

Back 65

Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with increased iron and cysteine

Front 66

ven/o

Back 66

vein

Front 67

-algia

Back 67

pain

Front 68

-cele

Back 68

hernia

Front 69

-centesis

Back 69

surgical puncture to remove fluid

Front 70

-coccus
-cocci

Back 70

berry-shaped bacterium
plural: bacteria

Front 71

-cyte

Back 71

cell

Front 72

-dynia

Back 72

pain

Front 73

-ectomy

Back 73

excsion, removal, resection

Front 74

-emia

Back 74

blood condition

Front 75

-genesis

Back 75

condition of producing, forming

Front 76

-gram

Back 76

record

Front 77

-graph

Back 77

instrument for recording

Front 78

-graphy

Back 78

process of recording

Front 79

-itis

Back 79

inflammation

Front 80

-logy

Back 80

study of

Front 81

-lysis

Back 81

breakdown
destruction
separation

Front 82

-malacia

Back 82

softening

Front 83

-megaly

Back 83

enlargement

Front 84

-oma

Back 84

tumor, mass,
collection of fluid

Front 85

-opsy

Back 85

to view

Front 86

-osis

Back 86

condition, usually abnormal

Front 87

-pathy

Back 87

disease condition

Front 88

-penia

Back 88

deficiency

Front 89

-phobia

Back 89

fear

Front 90

-plasia

Back 90

development, formation, growth

Front 91

-plasty

Back 91

surgical repair

Front 92

-ptosis

Back 92

falling,dropping, prolapse

Front 93

-sclerosis

Back 93

hardening

Front 94

-scope

Back 94

instrument for visual examination

Front 95

-scopy

Back 95

process of visual examination
(w/ an endoscope)

Front 96

-stasis

Back 96

stopping, controlling

Front 97

-stomy

Back 97

opening to form a mouth
(stoma)

Front 98

-therapy

Back 98

treatment

Front 99

-tomy

Back 99

incision, cutting into

Front 100

-trophy

Back 100

development, nourishment

Front 101

-er

Back 101

one who

Front 102

-ia

Back 102

condition

Front 103

-ist

Back 103

specialist

Front 104

-ole

Back 104

little, small

Front 105

-ule

Back 105

little, small

Front 106

-um, -ium

Back 106

structure, substance

Front 107

-us

Back 107

structure, substance

Front 108

-y

Back 108

condition, process

Front 109

-ac, iac
-al
-ar, ary

Back 109

pertaining to

Front 110

-eal
-ic, -ical
-ous
-tic

Back 110

pertaining to

Front 111

-genic

Back 111

pertaining to producing
produced by, or in

Front 112

-oid

Back 112

resembling

Front 113

-ose

Back 113

pertaining to, full of

Front 114

-ous
-tic

Back 114

pertaining to

Front 115

A protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it

Back 115

hernia

Front 116

Occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening into the diaphragm

Back 116

hiatal hernia

Front 117

Occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male.

Back 117

inguinal hernia

Front 118

Occurs when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall as a result of weakness of the pelvic muscles.

Back 118

cystocele hernia

Front 119

A protrussion of a portion of the rectum towards the vagina

Back 119

rectocele hernia

Front 120

A herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occuring in infants at birth

Back 120

Omphalocele hernia

Front 121

A sac that surrounds the embryo in the uterus

Back 121

amnion

Front 122

Fluid accumulates within the sac and can be withdrawn for analysis. This test can be done between the 12th and 18th weeks of pregnancy.

Back 122

amniocentesis

Front 123

A berry-shaped bacterium, grows in twisted chains. One group of streptococci causes such conditions as "strep throat," tonsillitis, rheumatic fever, @ certain kidney ailments

Back 123

streptococcus

Front 124

Another group causes infections in teeth, in the sinuses (cavities) of the nose and face, and in the valves of the heart.

Back 124

streptococcus cont.

Front 125

Other berry-shaped bacteria, grow in small clusters, like grapes. These lesions may be external (skin abscesses, boils, styes) or internal.

Back 125

Staphylococci

Front 126

A collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection.

Back 126

abscess

Front 127

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
infection affects the skin, causing "boils" and abscesses.

Back 127

MRSA

Front 128

Examples of diplococci
(berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs; dipl/o= 2)

Back 128

pneumococci
(pneum/o = lungs)
gonococci
(gon/o = seed)

Front 129

Causes bacterial pneumonia

Back 129

Pneumonia

Front 130

Invades the reproductive organs, causing gonorrhea
(an STD)

Back 130

Gonococci

Front 131

Cells made in the bone marrow. they carry oxygen from the lungs through the blood to all body cells.

Back 131

Erythrocytes

Front 132

An important protein in erythrocytes, carries the oxygen throught eh blood stream.

Back 132

Hemoglobin

Front 133

White blood cells.

Back 133

Leukocytes

Front 134

Name the five different kinds of leukocytes

Back 134

Never (neutrophil)
Let (lymphocyte)
Monkeys (monocyte)
Eat (eosinophil)
Bananas (basophil)

Front 135

Clotting cells.
Tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and nessesary for blood clotting.

Back 135

Thrombocytes or platelets

Front 136

What are the 3 leukocytes that are considered granulocytes?

Back 136

Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil

Front 137

What are the 2 leukocytes that are considered agranulocytes or mononuclears?

Back 137

lymphcyte
monocyte

Front 138

Contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have a multilobed nucleous. Formed in bone marrow @ has 3 different types.

Back 138

Granulocytes

Front 139

granules stain red w/ acidic stain are active and increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma. 3% of leukocytes are this type.

Back 139

Eosinophils

Front 140

(granules stain blue w/ basic stain) The function of these leukocytes is not clear, but the number of these cells increases in the healing phase of inflammation. Less than 1% of leukocytes are these.

Back 140

Basophils

Front 141

(granules stain purple with neutral stain) These are important disease-fighting cells. Tehy are phagocytes--they engulf and digest bacteria. They are the most numerous desease -fighting "soldiers" (50% to 60% of leuk. are these type) @ are refered to as "polys" or
polymorphonuclear leuk because of their multilobed nucleus.

Back 141

Neutrophils

Front 142

eosin/o

Back 142

rosy

Front 143

bas/o

Back 143

basic

Front 144

phag/o

Back 144

eating, swallowing

Front 145

poly

Back 145

many

Front 146

morph/o

Back 146

shape

Front 147

agranulocytes

Back 147

Mononuclear leukocytes

Front 148

spleen. There are 2 types.

Back 148

Mononuclear leukocytes

Front 149

They fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells. They also may attach directly to foreign cells and destroy them. 2 types of lymphocytes are t cells and B cells. 32% of leuks are these.

Back 149

Lymphocytes

Front 150

These (have a very large nucleus) engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells. Monocytes leave the bloodstream @ enter tissues (such as liver and lungs) to become macrophages, which are large phagocytes. They make up 4% of all of these.

Back 150

Monocytes

Front 151

The letters g and c are soft when followed by and I or E.
G is hardwhen followed by an O or A Examples
laryngitis (lar-in-JI-tis)
laryngotomy (la-rin-GOT-o-me)

Back 151

FYI

Front 152

It is a condition of reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood.

Back 152

Anemia

Front 153

A severe type of anemia occurs when bone marrow fails to produce not only erythrocytes but leukocytes and thrombocytes.

Back 153

Aplastic Anemia

Front 154

Anemias are classified according to the different problems that arrive as blood cells.

Back 154

FYI

Front 155

It literally means to hold back blood from part of the body. Tissue that becomes this loses its normal flow of blood and becomes deprived of oxygen. It can be caused by blood clots lodging in a vessel or by the closing off (occlussion) of a vessel with fatty material.

Back 155

Ischemia

Front 156

They are lympathic tissue in the back of the throat. They contain white blood cells (lymphocytes) that filter and fight bacteria.

Back 156

Tonsillitis

Front 157

What can cause tonsillitis?

Back 157

Streptococcal infection of the throat.

Front 158

This is an endocrine disorder. It occurs when the pituatary gland produces an excess of growth hormone after the completion of puberty. The excess growth hormone often results in a benign tumor of the pituitary gland. A person with this is of normal height because the long bones stopped growth of puberty, but bones and soft tissue in the hands, feet and face grow abnormally.

Back 158

Acromegaly

Front 159

High levels of growth hormones before puberty produce excessive growth of long bones, as well as acromegaly.

Back 159

Gigantism

Front 160

Composed of lymph tissue and blood vessels, it disposes of dying red blood cells and manufactures white blood cells (lymphocytes) to fight disease. This occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins (portal hypertension) and hemolytic blood diseases. If the spleen is removed other organs carry out theses functions.

Back 160

Splenomegaly

Front 161

An inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size because of a defect in cartlige and bone. It results in a type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence.

Back 161

Achondroplasia

Front 163

This condition occurs when eyelid muscles weaken; the affected person then has difficultly keeping the eye open. This condition may be congential, can occur with aging or may be associated with a stroke, cranial nerve damage or other neurologic disorders.

Back 163

Blepharoptosis

Front 164

Is an incision into the trachea to open it below a blockage.

Back 164

Tracheotomy

Front 165

Is an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted. The tube is required to allow air to flow into the lungs or to help remove secretions (mucus) form the bronchial tubes.

Back 165

Tracheostomy

Front 166

Is a visual examination of the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity using a laparoscope.

Back 166

Laparoscopy or peritoneoscopy

Front 167

In the organs the artery narrows to form the ____ that branch into capillaries.

Back 167

Arteriole

Front 168

They are small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx near the nose and nazal passages. Enlargement of these may cause blockage of the airway from the nose to the pharynx and excission may be advised.

Back 168

Adenoids