Language Of Medicine

Front 1

cephalgia

Back 1

headache

Front 2

aden/o

Back 2

gland

adenoma -mass/ tumor of
adenitis -inflammation of

Front 3

arthr/o

Back 3

joint

arthritis -inflammation of

Front 4

bi/o

Back 4

life

biology -study of
biopsy -process of viewing

Front 5

carcin/o

Back 5

cancerous, cancer

carcinoma- cancerous tumor, grow from epithelial cells

Front 6

cardi/o

Back 6

heart

cardiology - study of

Front 7

cephal/o

Back 7

head

cephalic- pertaining to, head first position for delivery

Front 8

cerebr/o

Back 8

cerebrum (largest part of brain)

cerebral- pertaining to

Front 9

CVA

Back 9

cerebrovascular accident or stroke,

caused by damaged blood vessels in the cerebrum, decreased blood flow to nerve cells

Front 10

cis/o

Back 10

to cut

incision- process of cutting into

Front 11

cardi/o

Back 11

heart

cardiology - study of

Front 12

cephal/o

Back 12

head

cephalic- pertaining to, head first position for delivery

Front 13

cerebr/o

Back 13

cerebrum (largest part of brain)

cerebral- pertaining to

Front 14

CVA

Back 14

cerebrovascular accident or stroke,

caused by damaged blood vessels in the cerebrum, decreased blood flow to nerve cells

Front 15

cis/o

Back 15

to cut

incision- process of cutting into

Front 16

crin/o

Back 16

to secrete (to form and give off)

Front 17

endocrine glands

Back 17

secrete hormones directly within/into the bloodstream

thyroid, pituitary, adrenal

Front 18

exocrine glands

Back 18

release secretions through ducts/tubes to the outside of the body

saliva, sweat, tears

Front 19

excision

Back 19

process of cutting outside the body

Front 20

cyst/o

Back 20

urinary bladder; a sac or cyst (sac containing fluid)

cystoscopy- process of visual examination of

Front 21

cyt/o

Back 21

cell

cytology- study of cells

Front 22

derm/o

Back 22

skin

dermatitis- inflammation of

Front 23

dermat/o

Back 23

skin

hypodermic- under/below the

Front 24

electr/o

Back 24

electricity

electrocardiogram- ECG, EKC, electrical heart record

Front 25

encephal/o

Back 25

brain

electroencephalogram- EEG, electrical brain record

Front 26

enter/o

Back 26

intestines (usually small)

enteritis- inflammation of

Front 27

erythr/o

Back 27

red

erythrocyte- red blood cell, carry oxygen in the blood

Front 28

gastr/o

Back 28

stomach

gastrectomy- excision, removal of all/part
gastrotomy- process of cutting of

Front 29

glyc/o

Back 29

sugar

hyperglycemia- excessive, above normal blood sugar

Front 30

gnos/o

Back 30

knowledge

diagnosis- state of complete knowledge, made after sufficient info obtained about patient's condition

Front 31

prognosis

Back 31

knowledge before, prediction about the outcome of an illness,
given after diagnosis determined

Front 32

gynec/o

Back 32

female, woman

gynecology- study of

Front 33

hemat/o

Back 33

blood

hematology- study of

Front 34

hem/o

Back 34

blood

hematoma- mass/collection of blood, collecting as clot in cavity, organ or under skin

Front 35

hemoglobin

Back 35

blood protein,
carries oxygen in RBC's

Front 36

hepat/o

Back 36

liver

hepatitis- inflammation of

Front 37

iatr/o

Back 37

treatment, physician

iatrogenic- adverse effects resulting from treatment/intervention of a physician

Front 38

leuk/o

Back 38

white

leukocyte- WBC, helps body fight against diseases

Front 39

log/o

Back 39

study of

dermatology- study of skin

Front 40

nephr/o

Back 40

kidney

nephritis- inflammation of

nephrology- study of

Front 41

neur/o

Back 41

nerve

neurology- study of

Front 42

onc/o

Back 42

tumor

oncology- study of
oncologist- specialist

Front 43

ophthalm/o

Back 43

eye

ophthalmoscope- instrument for visual examination

Front 44

oste/o

Back 44

bone

osteitis- inflammation

Front 45

osteoarthritis

Back 45

condition of aging, degeneration of bones and joints, accompanied by inflammation

Front 46

path/o

Back 46

disease

pathology- study of

Front 47

pathologist

Back 47

examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines dead bodies to determine cause of death

Front 48

ped/o

Back 48

child

pediatric- pertaining to a child

Front 49

orthopedist

Back 49

specialist in straightening of bones, correcting deformities

Front 50

psych/o

Back 50

mind

psyhcology- study of

Front 51

radi/o

Back 51

x-rays

radiology- study of

Front 52

ren/o

Back 52

kidney

renal- used to describe kidney
nephr/o- w/suffixes to describe abnormal conditions

Front 53

rhin/o

Back 53

nose

rhinitis- inflammation of

Front 54

sarc/o

Back 54

flesh

sarcoma- cancerous malignant tumor, grows from cells of fleshy connective tissue (muscle, bone, fat)

Front 55

carcinoma

Back 55

cancerous tumor, grows from epithelial cells

Front 56

sect/o

Back 56

to cut

resection- cutting back, or removal (excision)

Front 57

gastric resection

Back 57

gastrectomy, excision of the stomach

Front 58

thromb/o

Back 58

clot/clotting
thrombocyte- clotting cells, aka platelets
thrombus- actual clot
thrombosis-condition of formation of

Front 59

ur/o

Back 59

urinary tract, urine

urology- study of
urologist- surgeon operating on organs of, and male repro system

Front 60

-ac

Back 60

pertaining to

Front 61

-al

Back 61

pertaining to

Front 62

-algia

Back 62

pain

Front 63

-cyte

Back 63

cell

Front 64

-ectomy

Back 64

excision, removal

Front 65

-emia

Back 65

blood condition

Front 66

leukemia

Back 66

condition of blood, cancerous WBC's proliferate (inc. in number)

Front 67

-genic

Back 67

pertaining to, producing, produced by, produced in

Front 68

-globin

Back 68

protein

Front 69

-gram

Back 69

record

Front 70

-ic, -ical

Back 70

pertaining to

Front 71

-ion

Back 71

process

Front 72

-ist

Back 72

specialist

Front 73

-itis

Back 73

inflammation

Front 74

-logy

Back 74

process of study

Front 75

-oma

Back 75

tumor, mass, swelling

Front 76

-opsy

Back 76

process of viewing

Front 77

-osis

Back 77

condition, usually abnormal (slight inc. of numbers when used with blood cells)

Front 78

leukocytosis

Back 78

slight increase in WBC's, usually multiply to fight an infection

Front 79

-pathy

Back 79

disease condition

Front 80

-scope

Back 80

instrument to visually examine

Front 81

-scopy

Back 81

process of visually examining with an endoscope

Front 82

-sis

Back 82

state of, condition

Front 83

-tomy

Back 83

process of cutting, incision

Front 84

-y

Back 84

process, condition

Front 85

a-
an-

Back 85

no, not, without

Front 86

anemia

Back 86

decreased number of erythrocytes or abnormality of hemoglobin w/in RBC's, decreased delivery of oxygen to the cells of the body

Front 87

aut-
auto-

Back 87

self, own

Front 88

autopsy

Back 88

process of viewing by oneself, to determine cause of death

Front 89

dia-

Back 89

through, complete

Front 90

end-

Back 90

within

Front 91

endo-

Back 91

within

Front 92

epi-

Back 92

above, upon

Front 93

ex-
exo-

Back 93

out, outside of, outward

Front 94

hyper-

Back 94

excessive, above normal

Front 95

hypo-

Back 95

deficient, below normal

Front 96

in-

Back 96

into, in

Front 97

tachycardia

Back 97

increased heart rate,
symptom of hyperthyroidism

Front 98

exophthalmos

Back 98

bulging eyes,
symptom of hyperthyroidism

Front 99

peri-

Back 99

surrounding, around

Front 100

-um

Back 100

a structure

Front 101

pro-

Back 101

before, forward

Front 102

re-

Back 102

back, backward

Front 103

retro-

Back 103

behind

Front 104

sub-

Back 104

below, under

Front 105

trans-

Back 105

across, through

Front 106

viscera

Back 106

internal organs

Front 107

anabolism

Back 107

process of building up complex materials (proteins) simple materials (hormones, enzymes), occurs in ER

Front 108

catabolism

Back 108

process of breaking down complex materials (food) to form simpler substances and release energy

Front 109

cell membrane

Back 109

structure surrounding and protecting the cell

Front 110

Gout

who and when

Back 110

birefringent. More common in men. Acute attack tends to occur after alcohol consumption or a large meal. (alcohol metabolites compete for same excretion sites in kidney as uric acid, causing ↓ uric acid secretion and subsequent buildup in blood.

Front 111

viscera

Back 111

internal organs

Front 112

anabolism

Back 112

process of building up complex materials (proteins) simple materials (hormones, enzymes), occurs in ER

Front 113

catabolism

Back 113

process of breaking down complex materials (food) to form simpler substances and release energy

Front 114

cell membrane

Back 114

structure surrounding and protecting the cell

Front 115

chromosomes

Back 115

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus contain regions of DNA called genes, 46 chromosomes (23 pairs); egg and sperm only have 23 individual unpaired

Front 116

karyotype

Back 116

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell, chromosomes arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

Front 117

metabolism

Back 117

total of the chemical processes in a cell, inc. catabolism and anabolism

Front 118

mitochondria

Back 118

structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy, catabolism takes place in

Front 119

nucleus

Back 119

control center of the cell, contains chromosomes and directs activities of the cell

Front 120

digestive system

Back 120

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Front 121

urinary or excretory system

Back 121

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Front 122

respiratory system

Back 122

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

Front 123

reproductive system

Back 123

female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands

male: tested, urethra, penis, prostate gland

Front 124

endocrine system

Back 124

thyroid, pituitary, sex (ovaries and testes), adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid

Front 125

nervous system

Back 125

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Front 126

circulatory system

Back 126

heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus

Front 127

musculoskeletal system

Back 127

muscles, bones, joints

Front 128

skin and sense organs

Back 128

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, eye, ear, nose, tongue

Front 129

adipose tissue

Back 129

collection of fat cells

Front 130

cartilage

Back 130

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints

Front 131

epithelial cells

Back 131

skin cells covering the external body surface and line internal surfaces of organs

Front 132

histologist

Back 132

specialist in the study of tissues

Front 133

larynx

Back 133

voice box, at upper part of trachea

Front 134

pharynx

Back 134

throat, common passageway for food and air

Front 135

pituitary gland

Back 135

endocrine gland at base of brain

Front 136

thyroid gland

Back 136

endocrine gland that surrounds trachea in the neck

Front 137

trachea

Back 137

windpipe (throat to bronchial tubes)

Front 138

ureter

Back 138

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 139

urethra

Back 139

tube from urinary bladder to outside the body

Front 140

uterus

Back 140

womb, holds developing embryo/fetus

Front 141

abdominal cavity

Back 141

space below the chest containing organs (liver, stomach, gallbladder, intestines), abdomen

Front 142

cranial cavity

Back 142

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

Front 143

diaphragm

Back 143

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities, moves up and down to aid in breathing

Front 144

dorsal/ posterior

Back 144

pertaining to the back

Front 145

mediastinum

Back 145

centrally located space between lungs; contains heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus, bronchial tubes, lymph nodes

Front 146

pelvic cavity

Back 146

space below abdomen containing portions of intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, reproductive organs

Front 147

peritoneum

Back 147

double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs (stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallbladder; kidney is retroperitoneal or behind)

Front 148

pleura

Back 148

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

Front 149

pleural cavity

Back 149

space between pleural membranes

Front 150

pleuritis or pleurisy

Back 150

inflammation of the pleural cavity, may cause cavity to fill with fluid

Front 151

spinal cavity

Back 151

space w/in spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord; spinal canal

Front 152

thoracic cavity

Back 152

space in the chest containing heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, espohagus

Front 153

ventral/ anterior

Back 153

pertaining to the front

Front 154

meninges

Back 154

membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord

Front 155

right hypochondriac region

Back 155

R, upper region below cartilage of ribs extending over abdomen

Front 156

left hypochondriac region

Back 156

L, upper region below rib cage

Front 157

epigastric region

Back 157

region above the stomach

Front 158

right lumbar region

Back 158

R, middle region near the waist

Front 159

left lumbar region

Back 159

L, middle region near the waist

Front 160

umbilical region

Back 160

region of the navel

Front 161

right inguinal region

Back 161

R, lower region near the groin, aka R iliac region

Front 162

left inguinal region

Back 162

L, lower region near the groin, aka L iliac region

Front 163

hypogastric region

Back 163

middle lower region below umbilical region

Front 164

RUQ (right upper quadrant)

Back 164

contains liver (r lobe), gallbladder, part of pancreas, parts of intestines

Front 165

LUQ (left upper quadrant)

Back 165

contains the liver (l lobe), stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, parts of intestines

Front 166

RLQ (right lower quadrant)

Back 166

parts of intestines, R ovary and fallopian tube, appendix, R ureter

Front 167

LLQ (left lower quadrant)

Back 167

parts of the intestines, L ovary and fallopian tube, L ureter

Front 168

cervical

Back 168

neck region (C1-C7)

Front 169

thoracic

Back 169

chest region (T1-T12)

Front 170

lumbar

Back 170

loin (waist) region (L1-L5)

Front 171

sacral

Back 171

region of the sacrum (S1-S5)

Front 172

coccygeal

Back 172

region of the coccyx

Front 173

vertebra/ae

Back 173

single backbone/backbones

Front 174

spinal column

Back 174

bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity

Front 175

spinal cord

Back 175

nervous tissue w/in spinal cavity

Front 176

disk (disc)

Back 176

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

Front 177

deep

Back 177

away from the surface

Front 178

superficial

Back 178

on the surface

Front 179

proximal

Back 179

near point of attachment to the trunk or beginning of structure

Front 180

distal

Back 180

far from point of attachment to the trunk or beginning of a structure

Front 181

inferior (caudal)

Back 181

below another structure; pertaining to the tail

Front 182

superior (cephalic)

Back 182

above another structure; pertaining to the head

Front 183

medial

Back 183

pertaining to the middle, near medial plane of the body

Front 184

lateral

Back 184

pertaining to the side

Front 185

supine

Back 185

lying on the back (face up)

Front 186

prone

Back 186

lying on the belly

Front 187

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 187

vertical plane dividing body into anterior/posterior portions

Front 188

sagittal (lateral) plane

Back 188

lengthwise vertical plane dividing body into L/R sides;
midsagittal plane divides into L/R halves

Front 189

transverse plane (cross-sectional or axial)

Back 189

horizontal plane running across body parallel to ground; cross-sectional plane divides body into upper/lower portions (CT scan)

Front 190

abdomin/o

Back 190

abdomen

Front 191

adip/o

Back 191

fat

adipose- pertaining to or full of

Front 192

anter/o

Back 192

front

anterior- pertaining to

Front 193

bol/o

Back 193

to cast/throw

anabolism- building up of proteins (protein synthesis)

Front 194

cervic/o

Back 194

neck (of body or uterus)

cervical- pertaining to

Front 195

chondr/o

Back 195

cartilage

chondroma- benign tumor
chondrosarcoma- malignant tumor

Front 196

chrom/o

Back 196

color

chromosomes- nuclear structures, absorb color dyes used to stain cell (bodies of color)

Front 197

coccyg/o

Back 197

coccyx

coccygeal- pertaining to

Front 198

crani/o

Back 198

skull

craniotomy- process of cutting, incision

Front 199

cyt/o

Back 199

cell

cytoplasm- formation of

Front 200

kary/o

Back 200

nucleus

karyotype- classification or picture of

Front 201

sarc/o

Back 201

flesh

sarcoma- tumor, mass, swelling of

Front 202

thel/o

Back 202

nipple

epithelial- cell on surface of body, originally identified on skin of nipples

Front 203

ana-

Back 203

up

Front 204

cata-

Back 204

down

Front 205

epi-

Back 205

above

Front 206

hypo-

Back 206

below

Front 207

inter-

Back 207

between

Front 208

meta-

Back 208

change