Language Disorders Chapter 1

Front 1

Language Delay

Back 1

The acquisition of normal language competencies at a slower rate than would be expected given a child's chronological age and the level of functioning.

Front 2

Languuage Disorder

Back 2

A disruption in the learning of language skills and behaviors. It typically includes language behaviors that would not be considered part of normally developing linguistic skills.

Front 3

ASHA definition of Language Disorder

Back 3

Impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written and/or other symbol systems. This disorder may involve (1) the form of language (phonology, morphology, syntax), (2) the content of language (semantics), and/or (3) the function of language in communication (pragmatics) in any combination.

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Language Differences

Back 4

Language behaviors and skill sthat are not in concert with those of the person's primary speech community or native language. Language differences exist owing to unfamiliarity with a language or to cultural variations o fthe person's native language.

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Linguistic Competence

Back 5

The language user's underlying knowledge about the sytem of rules of the language he or she is using.

Front 6

Linguistic Performance

Back 6

The utilization of the person's linguistic knowledge in daily communication.

Front 7

Who is at risk for language disorders?

Back 7

-Pregnant mothers who have a dependence to nicotine, alcohol, and/or other drugs place their unborn children at undue risk
-prematurity
-low birth weight
-physical problems
-emotional deficits
-ear infections
-sensory defecits
-illnesses
-late talkers

Front 8

Five Principles of Developmet of Language and Communication in Infants

Back 8

1. Development is predictable.
2. Developmentl milestones are attained at about the same age in most children.
3. Developmental opportunity is needed.
4. Children go through developmental changes or periods.
5. Individuals differ greatly.

Front 9

Nativisim

Back 9

The capacity to develop language is innate, with language knowledge coming to fruition as the child matures biologically.

Front 10

Mentalism

Back 10

Often associated with nativism, the mentalism philosphy posits that one's knowledge is derived from innate mental processes.

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Empiricism

Back 11

The belief that a child's language is not innate but develops as a result of experiences.

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Behaviorism

Back 12

Like empiricism, the belief that a child's language is not innate but develops when verbalizations are postively reinforced.

Front 13

Interactionism

Back 13

A compromise between nature and nurture. Proponents of interactionism ask, "What is the nature of the interaction between childrens' genetic makeup and their experiences that results in language learning?"

Front 14

Transformational generative grammar (TGG)

Back 14

-Chomsky

A grammar system in which there is a deep structure and a surface structure and a set of rules that govern the combining of words.

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Linguistic Universals

Back 15

A belief that there are some commonalities and similarities in the form and content of all languages.