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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phonology |
Basic sound units and combination of units in a given language |
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Morphology |
Rules for specifying how words are formed from sounds |
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Semantics |
Meanings for words or combinations of words |
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Syntax |
Grammatical Rules that indicate how words can be combines |
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Pragmatics |
Rules for how language is used to communicate effectively |
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Receptive Language |
Ability to comprehend spoken speech Precedes Productive language |
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Productive Language |
Meaningful language spoken or otherwise produced by an individual |
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Nativist Theory of Language Development |
Humans are Biologically programmed to acquire language LAD device Language is species specific for humans Kids use rules and produce language they've never heard |
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Nativist Theory: LAD Device |
Activated by verbal exposure Contains a universal grammar common set of rules (i.e. syntax, morphology, etc) |
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Broca's area |
Portion of the brain in the cerebral cortex that controls language expression left frontal region |
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Wernicke's area |
Portion of the brain in the cerebral cortex that controls language comprehension Left temporal region |
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Learning Theory of Language |
Language is learned through imitation, reinforcement, and correction |
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Interactionist Theory of Language |
Humans are biologically prepared to acquire language in social interactions Critical Period Hypothesis for language exposure ex. Wild Children example of depravation and poor language skills |
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Turn Taking Vocal Technique |
Performed by alternating vocalization by parent and child |
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Joint Attention |
The higher the amount given in infancy predicts early language skills |
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Infant Directed Speech: "Motherese" |
Shorter, higher pitch, repetitive positive emotions, melodic speech directed at an infant can help lead to greater language development of infant said in greater frequency than adults speaking to another adult |
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Language Expansion technique |
Corrects and enriches speech of infant ex. mommy go.....yes, mom is going to the store |
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Language Recast technique |
Introduces new grammatical forms to the infant ex. kitty eat......what is the kitty eating? |
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Pre-Linguistic Period to Speech |
In this Period, Prefer mother's speech Can begin to discriminate between speech sounds in all languages at 8 months 3 days to 1 year old |
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Crying |
Communicates Distress of hunger or pain Shrill and nonrhythmic forms may indicate brain damage in new borns Diminish after first three months/highest rate in evenings |
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Declarative Non-verbal Gesture |
Action where infant nonverbally directs somebodys attention to something |
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Imperative Non-verbal Gesture |
Action where infant nonverbally alter others' behaviors |
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Holophrasic Period |
In this period, One-Word Sentences/vocabulary grows one word at a time Vocabulary Spurt Overextention/Underextension |
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Vocabulary Spurt |
Period of rapid word acquisition |
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Fast-Mapping |
process where Kid hears words spoken and the context provides the key to their meaning |
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Holophrasic Errors: Overextension |
Using specific words to refer to a broader range of objects |
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Holophrasic Errors: Underextension |
Using a general word to refer to a narrow range of objects |
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Telegraphic Period |
In this Period, Two or Three word phrases common Simple phrases with only critical words |
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Telegraphic Speech |
Two or three word phrases said by an infant |
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The Preschool Period |
In this period, Sentence become more complex Overregulation can occur Question asking begins/complex sentences by age 3 |
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Preschool Period: Overregularization |
Inappropriate application of grammatical rules to words that require exceptions to those rules ex. mouses, Elks, Gooses...it runned away |
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Transformation Grammar |
Rules for creating variations of declarative sentences into questions, negatives, imperatives |
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Bilingualism |
Exposure to two languages by 3, infant can be proficient in both Provides advantages n IQ scores, awareness, and better selective attention |
