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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a reinforcer?
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any event that increases the probability of occurrence of a preceding behavior
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What is a punisher?
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any event that decreases the probability of occurrence of a preceding behavior
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What is operant conditioning?
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the resultant behavior change (learning)
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What are the contributions of the behavioral approach?
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useful in language training, provide a basis for many remedial programs used with children who have delayed or disordered language, and they influenced later sociolinguistic theories
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What are the 5 major theories of language acquisition?
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behavioral, psycholinguistic-syntactic, psycholinguistic-semantic/cognitive, sociolinguistic, and emergentist
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What does the behaviorist model assume?
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that parents model, children imitate, and parents selectively reinforce- grammar is learned by chaining
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What does the psycholinguistic-syntactic model state?
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that children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD) containing the universal phrase structure rules, which a child uses to ascertain his/her language's transformational rules based on the language that the child hears
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What does the psycholinguistic-semantic/cognitive model declare?
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syntax is inadequate for describing the language of very young children, who use word-order rules based on semantic units that represent the world as the child knows it
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What is the sociolinguistic model?
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that language emerges from well-established communication and that children learn language from the environment as caregivers modify their language addressed to the child- early language intentions are built on the intentions earlier expressed in gestures
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What is the emergentist model?
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language is most likely something we do with a brain that evolved to serve many varied and complex challenges- grammar is the solution to the brain's problem of exchanging a complicated set of meanings between people via a limited speech channel- acquisition of increasingly more complex language represents changes in brain fxn (increased working memory)
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