Language Arts Praxis

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Fable

Back 1

non-realistic story with a moral

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Myth

Back 2

Stories used to explain things the teller doesn't understand

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Legend

Back 3

Stories (often exaggerated) about real people, places, and things. (Ex: Paul Bunyon)

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Folktale

Back 4

Story written in the language of a people, usually for entertainment.

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Fairy Tale

Back 5

Magic stories which often have a pattern and an "ideal"

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Assonance

Back 6

The repetition of an identical or similar vowel sound. The "oo" sound in the sentence "Look at the cookies." is an example of assonance.

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Meter

Back 7

Rhythmic structure of a poem (Ex: Iambic pentameter)

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Lyrical Poetry

Back 8

Most common type of poetry--expresses emotions or feelings. may or may not be set to music.

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Concrete Poetry

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Poetry that is visually organized to represent the meaning (poem about a tree is a tree)

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Elegy

Back 10

Poem lamenting or describing death

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Expository Writing

Back 11

Textbook writing--used to explain and clarify ideas.

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Spatial Sequence in Writing

Back 12

Writing where one can choose:
* how you reveal details
* the order in which we reveal them
* the descriptiveness you use to reveal them
(New Moon starts with the end,etc.)

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Passive Voice

Back 13

the voice used to indicate that the grammatical subject of the verb is the recipient (not the source) of the action denoted by the verb) "`The ball was thrown by the boy' uses the passive voice

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Coordinating Conjunction

Back 14

connects words of "equal rank" using: neither/nor, and, or but, for, etc.

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Subordinate Conjunction

Back 15

Subordinating conjunctions connect subordinate clauses with main clauses: if, although, since, in order that, as, because, unless, after, before, until, when, whenever, while, wherever, etc.

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Participle Phrase

Back 16

phrase using a participle (-ing word)

Examples:SITTING IN HIS OFFICE, the President called the Vice-president.
FEARING FAILURE, the student was very anxious about the test.

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Appositive Phrase

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a type of noun phrase that follows the noun or pronoun it modifies and amplifies or restricts its meaning.

Example: Our department head, A CAREFUL READER AND OUTSPOKEN CRITIC, will review the memo before it is circulated.

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Independent Clause

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A group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. It can be a simple sentence.
Ex:
Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz.

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Dependent Clause

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A group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. It cannot be a sentence.

Ex:
When Jim studied in the Sweet Shop for his chemistry quiz...

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Verb Tenses:
Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect

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have taken, had taken, will have taken

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Imperative Sentence

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A sentence that gives advice or instructions or that expresses a request or command.

Ex:
Go to school.

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Complex Sentence

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A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. Includes a subordinate conjunction (when, before, after, which, because, etc.)

Ex:
The teacher returned the homework AFTER she noticed the error.

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Compound Sentence

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Two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction (and, or, but, so, for, etc.)

Ex:
Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.

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Compound-Complex Sentence

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A sentence with at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

Ex:
The dog lived in the backyard, but the cat, who knew he was superior, lived inside the house.

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Affix

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A morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word.

Examples:
UNdo, happiNESS, etc.

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Inflectional Endings

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An inflection that is added at the end of a root word.

Examples:
catS, dishES, landED, rentING, paintER, gladLY, etc.

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Homonym

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Two words are homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meanings

Ex:
aloud, allowed

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Phases of Writing Development:

Back 28

Picture writing, Scribble writing, Random letter, Invented spelling, Conventional writing

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Metacognition

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Knowing about knowing

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Phoneme

Back 30

Speech sounds

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Grapheme

Back 31

Written symbols for the phonemes (speech sounds)