Reading...
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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Onsets and Rimes
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onsets are the constants that come in the beginning of the word (bl in blend) rimes are constants that come at the end of a word (end in blend)
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Affix
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A structural element added to the beginning or ending of a vowel in order to alter the meaning, pronunciation or function (ex. prefix or suffix)
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Alphabetic principle
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The idea that letters represent individual sounds; therefore, words may be read by saying the sounds represented by the letters and the words may be spelled by writing the letters that represent the sounds
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English as a Second Language (ESL)
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An instrutional program that teachies English to students whose native language is not English
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Bilingual Education
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Instruction that involves presenting reading and other subject area matierials in the child's native language while gradually introducing english orally
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Alphabetic Recogntion
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The ablilty to name the lettes of the alphabet
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Emergent literacy
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Childrens reading and writing development before formal insruction in classroom settings
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Balanced Approach to Reading
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The use of different strategies and approaches to teach reading
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Choral Reading
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Oral reading, often of poetry involving more than one reader
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Diphthong
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Two adjacent vowels in which each vowel is heard in the pronunciation
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Non standard dialect
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grammatical variations in language most often associated with a cultural group
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Basal Reader
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A collection of stories that match the instructional level of children
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Vowel diagraph
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two adjacent vowels that represent one speech sound
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Consonant Blend or Cluster
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Two or three letters in the same syllable that are blended or heard when pronounced (ex. tr in tree)
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Consonant Diagraph
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A combination of two or more letters that represent a sound that is different form the speech sound that the letters represent individually (ex ch in chop)
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Conversation
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In formal speaking activity involving two or more persons taking turns talking about a subject
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Discussion
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Focused conversations about a specific topic
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Interview
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one person asking another individual questions and recording the person's responses
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Debate
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A discussion involving varying viewpoints on a central topic where sides are supported
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Decode
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Associating printed letters with the speech sounds the letters make
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Morpheme
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the smallest meaningful unit of language (ex cat)
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Phoneme
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the smallest unit of sound in a language that distinguishes one word from another (ex cat vs hat)
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Grapheme
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A printed letter symbol used to represent a speech sound (phoneme)
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Dialect
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A linguistic change or variation in speech pronunciation that is different from the standard original pronunciation
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Facilitative
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Skills such as word analysis that enable a reader to identify words
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Functional
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The actual understanding or comprehension of what has been read
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Genre
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A description of the type of text being read (ex poetry , biography, mystery, fantasy)
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Graphophonemic knowledge
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Written words are made up of systematic letter patterns that represent sounds in pronounced words
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Evaluative comprehension
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Level of comprehension that requires children to compare information and ideas presented in the text with their own experiences, background and values
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literal comprehension
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level of comprehension that requires children to respond to questions and statements that relate directly to stated text
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Graphophonic
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Sound/Symbol relationship
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Homographs (homonyms)
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Words spelled the same but having different pronunciatons and meanings (ex red bow, bow to the queen)
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Homophones (synonyms)
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Words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings (red hair, she had read the book)
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Idioms
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Figurative sayings that have special meanings (cat got your tongue)
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Inferential comprehension
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Level of comprehension that requires children to respond to questions and statements based on ideas and information directly stated in the text along with the use of their intuition, backgroundand experiences to reach a conclusion or hypothesis
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Informal reading inventory
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a series of graded paragraphs followed by a comprehension analysis used to determine a childs different instructional or functional level of reading
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Invented spelling
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Temporary spelling patterns young children use to approximate the spelling of words
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Language experience approach
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an instructional method that incorpatates children's experiences and background as a means of developing instructional reading stories
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Language interference
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the use of sounds, syntax, and vocabulary of two languages simultaneously as a child participates in literary activities
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Logographic awareness
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the first stage children experience when learning about words. Words are learned as whole units are sometimes embedded in a logo such as a stop sign or arches in a modonald's sign
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Metaphor
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comparison of two unalike things without using like or as
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Oracy
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the concept that identifies and describes the differences between the skills of listening and speaking form the skills of reading and writing
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Oral reports
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individual or group reports delivered orallly to an audience
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Orthography
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correct spelling
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Phonic analysis
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the process of applying knowledge of letter sound relationships to decoding texts. teachers ask for this when they instruct children to sound out a word
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phonic awareness
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the knowledge or understanding that speech consists of a series of sounds and that individual words can be divided into phonemes
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Phonology
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The way a word is defined
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Portfolio
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A collection of student generated products that show growth, progress or improvement over time
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Running record
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An informal assessment hat provides a record of a child's oral reading development and behavior
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Semantic feature analysis
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constructing a grid for a concept (ex. mammals) where examples of the concept are listed verticalyly (ex. cow, bat, squirrel) and features are listed horizantally (ex. fur, swims, flies) Students then decide which feature matches each word
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Semantic or Concept map (word cluster
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writing a word or concept in the cneter circle of a cluster, drawing rays , writing information about the word of concept and making connections between the word or concept and the related unit of study or detals of readings
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Scaffolding
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Support for the learner as he or she enters a phase of readiness for a new skill
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Schwa sound
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in many words that have more than one syllable one of the syllables recieves less or diminshed strss, the sound of the vowel in the syllable tht recieves the diminished stress has a softening vowel sound that is identified as a schwa sound and often prunounced as the "uh" sound. the word 'about' contains the schwa sound
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Segmentation
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The recognition of the sounds heard in a word
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Semantics
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the way a word is defined
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Sight vocabulary
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any words a reader can recognize instantly without having to se a word recognition strategy. many teachers have children personalize a word bank of the sight words they can read
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Similies
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comparision between two things using the words like or as
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Syllable
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divisions of speech within words
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Syntactic
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patterns of phrases, clauses and sentences
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Puppets
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Animal or human characters made from a variety of matierials to be held or slipped over the hand and used in dramatic play
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Syntax
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the sentence structure
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Textless books (wordless books)
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a picture book with few or no words in which the illustrations convey the story
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Show and tell
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a traditional informal speaking activity in which a child brings something form home that is special to him or her and tells the class about it
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Thematic units
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instructionally generated learning activities that center on a topic of interest such as a variety of content areas discussing (ex butterflies)
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Reader,s theatre
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the oral presentataion of drama by two or more readers using a printed script. normally used to create motivation and oral fluency
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Trade books
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childrens literature sources that teachers sometimes use in instructional settings instead of textbooks
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Word analysis
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an inclusive term that refers to all methods of word recognition. Phonics, pictures, sight words, structural analysis
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Word sorts
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sorting a collection of words taken from a word wall or other sources into two or more categories
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Word wall
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a list of words children are learning or know posted on a poster or wall in classroom in a highly visible location
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Zone of proximal development
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children learn within there instructional level or just beyond their instructional level with scaffolding form an adult or from a capable peer
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Convergent Questions
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Questions with only one answer (ex. yes or no)
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Divergent questions
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Questions with more than one answer
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Prephonetic
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Pre-k to kindergarden. students scribble to present written language . Do not understand that using letters create words
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Semiphonetic
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Kindergarden to grade 1. Students aware of some alphabet sounds. they begin to realize letters of the alphabet stand for sounds they hear in a word
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Phonetic
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students understand sounds of the alphabet and begin to use invented spelling
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Transitional
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students begin to spell words they sound
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Conventional
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students begin to spell words more correctly constistently
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