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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What did Birren (1958) suggest and what is this caused by?
That the transition from adulthood to old-age is often perceived as a process of loss, both physically and mentally. This could be caused by both biological and environmental factors.
What did Birren (1958) suggest that the ability to maintain a sense of personal control in old age was down to?
The ability to maintain a sense of personal control in old age may be greatly influenced by societal factors, which in turn effects physical well-being.
What did Birren (1958) say were the characteristics of successful ageing?
A sense of usefulness and purpose are the characteristics of successful ageing.
What is thought to be very important in life?
The importance of control over ones environment
What did Adler (1930) suggest?
That a need to control one's surroundings is an 'intrinsic necessity of life itself'.
What did Langer and Janis (1975) do and what did they find?
Found that inducing the perception of control over stress in hospital patients led to the patients requesting less medication and showing less symptoms of anxiety, showing the importance of control on psychological health.
What did Stotland and Blumenthal (1964) do?
They wanted to study the effects of choice on anxiety reduction. Told pp's that they would be sitting a series of tests, half of pp's had choice of order of the tests, and the other half took the tests in a set order.
What did Stotland and Blumenthal (1964) find?
They found that those who had the choice over the order of their test showed less anxiety about the test, demonstrating how perceived choice reduces anxiety and increases psychological health.
What did Ferrare (1962) do?
He studied 17 elderly (otherwise fine) people who had no other choice but to go into a home.
What did Ferrare (1962) find?
He found that after 4 weeks, 8 patients had died. After 10 weeks, 16 had died. This clearly demonstrates the association between loss of control and choice and decreased psychological function and increased mortality.
What was Langer and Rodin's main aim?
To investigate the effects of enhanced personal responsibility and control on a group of nursing home patients.
What was Langer and Rodin's second aim?
To look specifically at the effects of enhanced personal responsibility and choice on physical and mental alertness, activity, general levels of satisfaction and sociability.