Landscapes Final Exam

Front 1

What kind of forces build landforms by forcing uplift, subsidence, and volcanism?

Back 1

tectonic

Front 2

What kind of forces drive erosion and deposition?

Back 2

climatic

Front 3

What does a tectonic landscape mimic?

Back 3

The shape of the rock

Front 4

What is an erosional landscape a reflection of?

Back 4

The hardness of the rock

Front 5

What type of sedimentaryrock typically forms the resistant surface layer of rock (e.g. the caprock layer)?

Back 5

sandstone

Front 6

Tectonic landscapes are characteristics of what region?

Back 6

Cordillera

Front 7

More than any other, the northern part of this physiographic privince is characterized by continental glacial erosion features that have produced a flattened, scraped, and scoured landscape with thousands of lakes and ponds.

Back 7

Superior Upland

Front 8

More than any other, the northern part of this physiographic province is characterized by continental glacial depositional features such as moraines, drumlins, kettles, and kames, that are well preserved.

Back 8

Central Lowlands

Front 9

How long ago did the most recent glacial advance reach its southernmost extent?

Back 9

18,000 years

Front 10

Was the area that includes USI ever glaciated?

Back 10

no

Front 11

Name four physiographic provinces composed dominantly of flat- or nearly flat-lying sedimentary layers.

Back 11

great plains, central lowlands, interior low plateaus, ozark plateau, appalachian plateau, coastal plains, colorado plateau, wyoming basin?

Front 12

Name two physiographic provinces composed dominantly of crystalline rock.

Back 12

superior uplands, blue ridge mountains, new england highlands, piedmond plateau, northern rockies (in part)

Front 13

Name a national park tha tformed via fracturing (and erosion) or rock.

Back 13

Brice or Zion

Front 14

This physiographic province is composed of nearly flat-lying sedimentary rock. It is characterized by erosional mountains that include the Catskill mountains. The Allegheny Front forms part of its eastern boundary.

Back 14

Appalachian Plateau

Front 15

The shape of land always mimics the shape of the underlying rock structure. (T/F)

Back 15

False

Front 16

An active tectonic landscape will likely grow old over time even if it remains active. (T/F)

Back 16

False

Front 17

The Nashville Basin is a __________.

Back 17

Anticlinal Valley

Front 18

In addition to bench and slope landscape, name another type of landscape (other than karst) that may develop in nearly flat-lying sedimentary layers. This type of landscape has developed on the Appalachian Plateau.

Back 18

erosional mountains

Front 19

Mammoth Cave is located on the:
A) Appalachian Plateau
B) Chester Uplands
C) Pennyroyal Plateau
D) Shawnee National Forest
E) Highland Rim
F) Lexington Basin (Plain)
G) Muldraughs Hills
H) Dripping Springs Escarpment
I) Nashville Basin
J) Cincinnati Arch

Back 19

B) Chester Uplands

Front 20

Name two physiographic provinces characterized by the presence of a fold and thrust belt.

Back 20

valley & ridge, northern rockies

Front 21

Name an especially long, semi-continuous fault valley in the Northern Rockies

Back 21

Rocky Mountain trench

Front 22

Name an especially long, semi-continuous fault valley in the Appalachian Valley & Ridge.

Back 22

Great Valley

Front 23

Name an erosional mountain on the Appalachian Plateau.

Back 23

catskill

Front 24

Name the river that cut the Grand Canyon.

Back 24

Colorado River

Front 25

What do thrust faults result from?

Back 25

Compressional Stress

Front 26

This typ eof fault develops where rocks slip horizontally past each other. The San Andrea fault is an example.

Back 26

strike-slip fault

Front 27

The steady-state mountain does not gain or lose elevation over time even though it is undergoing erosion. Why?

Back 27

The rate of uplift is equal to the rate of erosion

Front 28

If crystalline rocks are exposed on a flat plain close to sea level, what type of landscape likely was present at that location a long, long time ago?

Back 28

mountains

Front 29

What is differential erosion?

Back 29

Adjacent rocks weather & erode differently such that the more resistant rock protrudes above the others.

Front 30

Name landform features associated with karst topography.

Back 30

caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, & springs (limestone or close to surface)

Front 31

Which one mimics the structure of rock? (tectonic/erosional)

Back 31

tectonic

Front 32

Which one is more a reflection of hardness of rock? (tectonic/erosional)

Back 32

erosional

Front 33

What type of rock forms the cap-rock bench?

Back 33

sandstone

Front 34

Of the four major physiographic regions, which is most characterized by tectonic landscapes?

Back 34

Cordillera

Front 35

Name four physiographic provinces composed dominantly of flat- or nearly flat-lying sedimentary layers?

Back 35

great plains, central lowlands, interior low plateaus, ozark plateau

Front 36

Name the type of rocks that characterize the Grand Canyon.

Back 36

limestone/shale (sedimentary)

Front 37

What is differential erosion?

Back 37

Adjacent rocks weather & erode differently such that the more resistant rock protrudes above the other

Front 38

Name the type of stress that produces thrust faults.

Back 38

compression

Front 39

Name the type of stress that produces normal faults.

Back 39

extension

Front 40

Name landform features associated with karst topography.

Back 40

caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, and springs (limeston or close to surface)

Front 41

What type of rock forms the cap-rock bench?

Back 41

sandstone

Front 42

What type of rock forms the slope?

Back 42

shale

Front 43

Of the four major physiographic regions, which is most characterized by tectonic landscapes?

Back 43

cordillera

Front 44

Name four physiographic provinces composed dominantly of crystalline rock.

Back 44

superior uplands, blue ridge mountains, new england highlands, piedmont plateau, northern rockies (in part)

Front 45

Name two physiographic provinces composed dominantly of volcanic rock.

Back 45

columbia river plateau, snak river plains

Front 46

Name five national parks or scenic areas on the Colorado Plateau other than the Grand Canyon.

Back 46

Zion, Bryce, ARches, Canyonland (National Parks), Painted desert, Monument Valley, Shiprock, Meteor Crater

Front 47

Name the two mountain ranges that, together, produce a rain shadow across the western US.

Back 47

Sierra Nevada, Cascades

Front 48

The type of rock at the very bottom of the Grand Canyon is:

Back 48

Crystalline

Front 49

In addition to bench and slope landscape, there is another type of landscape (other than karst) that commonly develops in nearly flat-lying sedimentary layers. This type of landscape forms where streams continue to cut downward rather than sideways. This type of landscape has developed on the Appalachian Plateau.

Back 49

erosional mountains

Front 50

What is the dominant style of deformation in the Basin & Range?

Back 50

normal fault

Front 51

Name two physiographic provinces characterized by the presence of a sedimentary fold & thrust belt.

Back 51

northern rocky mountains and vally & ridge

Front 52

The earth is 4.55 billion years old. Most of the worlds landscapes are:

Back 52

1000 to 10000 years old

Front 53

State one reason why the rate of erosion increases with elevation.

Back 53

no vegetation

Front 54

State one reason why the rate of erosion increases with relief.

Back 54

water slides down mountains to produce landslides

Front 55

Which (if any) of the following are impossible to accurately determine:
Elevations of ancient mountain belts
Ancient rates of exhumation
Ancient rates of uplift

Back 55

Elevations of ancient mountain belts
Ancient rates of uplift

Front 56

sedimentary (10% volc. & cryst.), nearly flat-lying, recent to active uplift --> 3600' in 5 million years, tectonic bench & slope topography, erosional mountains, drop canyons, colored rocks, high escarpments, highest plateau

Back 56

Colorado Plateau

Front 57

Sedimentary, nearly flat-lying; controlled by Cincinnati Arch, old, erosional, tectonically inactive, bench & slope with basins; a lower plateau level, and an upper plateau level

Back 57

interior low plateaus

Front 58

sedimentary/volcanic, normal fault, recent to active extension & volcanos active since 50 million years ago, active in past 20 million years with columbia river volcano has reincarnated northern rockies, arid --> in the cascade - sierra nevada rain shadow

Back 58

basin & range

Front 59

volcanic, thrust fault, active subduction, classic subduction landscape with coastal mountains - inland forearc, basin valley - volc. arc.

Back 59

cascacia subduction complex (excluding north cascades)

Front 60

spectacular, rugged in U.S., crystalline, peak up to 9500' vertical landscape --> uplift during glaciation. 2 active volcanoes, glacier peak & mt. baker, and 2 long lakes, lake chelan & ross lake

Back 60

north cascades

Front 61

sedimentary/crystalline (except in san juan), anticlinal mountains - cynclinal valleys form colorado mineral belt (gold & silver), tectonic landscape - recent uplift 3600' past 5 million years, massive mountains with wide, flat valleys (parks) best mountain biking (colorado)

Back 61

central & southern rocky mountains

Front 62

sedimentary, nearly flat-lying, erosional mountains (including catskill), allegheny front forns part of its eastern boundary

Back 62

appalachian plateau

Front 63

sedimentary (thick) & crystalline, thrust fault, inactive since 40 million years ago, tectonic (modified), asymetrical linear mountains separated by linear valleys. thrust-faulted anticlinal mountains.

Back 63

northern rocky mountain fold & thrust belt

Front 64

sedimentary (thick), thrust fault (south), inactive since 260 million years ago, old erosional, asymetrical linear ridges separated by linear valleys, old --> anticlinal valleys & synclinal

Back 64

valley & ridge

Front 65

crystalline (batholithic), largest continuous mountain block in u.s., tilts gently west & north (highest peaks in s & w, 11 peaks about 14,000'

Back 65

sierra nevada

Front 66

sedimentary/crystalline, strike-slip faults, active SS overprints & partly (coast) reincarnates older subduction landscape, strongly linear coast range due to SS faults

Back 66

California Transpressional System

Front 67

crystalline, complex, old inactive (erosional), very flat with many lakes, scraped, scoured, flattened by continental ice sheets

Back 67

superior upland