Land Use Theory & Practice

Front 1

Node Development

Back 1

Strategic initial settlement sites

central place theory

satellite sites often in supporting roles

Front 2

Central Place Theory

Back 2

geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size, and location of human settlements in urban systems

Front 3

Streetcar Suburb

Back 3

terminus of old streetcar lines

one block deep commercial area adjacent to upscale residential neighborhood

Front 4

Infill Development

Back 4

Residential Uses fill areas btw commercial develop and industrial dev. along heavy transportation corridors

Front 5

Urban Revitalization

Back 5

60s-70s: counter urban blight caused by outward expansion

Front 6

Gentrification

Back 6

Urban revitalization using private monies, often heirs of founding families refurbishing ancestral homes

Front 7

Land Use Planning Loop

Back 7

1. problem identified

2. Info gathered

3. alternatives developed

4. Best alternative selected

5. Chosen Alternative Implemented

6. Monitoring, adaptive strategies

Front 8

Hard Data

Back 8

Doesn't involve value judgements

biophysical aspects

Front 9

Soft Data

Back 9

Subjective, sometimes involves value judgements

Open for debate

Front 10

Environmental Inventory

Back 10

Cataloging existing conditions and resources

Focuses on biophysical aspects of site

Front 11

Discovery of Opportunities & Constraints

Back 11

Search for features and situations that would facilitate or hinder proposed land use

Focus on Site, or adjacent site, physical aspects

Goal: find site with most opportunities and least constraints

Front 12

Environmental Impact Assessment & Forecasting

Back 12

2 Methods:

Clarification of complex issues and environmental implications

Modification of a proposed action to lessen impact

Front 13

Comprehensive Plan

Back 13

determines community goals & aspirations in terms of community/county/regional dev.

dictates public policy ( transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, housing)

Front 14

EIA (environmental Impact Assessment)

Back 14

identify, predict, evaluate the environmental effects of proposed actions & projects

- important to recognize social, cultural, & health effects

- public participation & consultation

Front 15

Zoning

Back 15

purposes:

allows for orderly and logical growth

separates incompatible land uses

addresses use, bulk, & density

Front 16

Zoning Districts

Back 16

divides community into areas.. specific zoning regulations are applied

Front 17

Building Envelope

Back 17

3D volume in which a structure can be build considering setbacks, height regulations etc.

Front 18

R-1

Back 18

single family residential

most restrictive

low density, detached homes

largest setbacks

Front 19

R-2

Back 19

Multi family residential, medium density

Duplexes, Tri- Plexes

May be used as a buffer around R-1

Front 20

R-3

Back 20

Multi family residential, high density

apartment complexes

buffer next to industrial areas

Front 21

B-1

Back 21

General Commercial

Downtown main streets

mixed uses

no parking requirements

Front 22

B-2

Back 22

Commercial/ business

mix of stores & offices

Buffer with R-3

Front 23

B-3

Back 23

Highway Commercial

Big box retailers, large lots

parking requirements

Front 24

I-1

Back 24

Light industrial

industrial uses with minimal off site impacts

Front 25

I-2

Back 25

Heavy Industrial

May produce off site nuisances

restricted to industrial parks

Front 26

A

Back 26

Agricultural

Lease intensive use

used as a holding zone - @ some point may turn into an urban area

Front 27

Permitted/ Conforming Use

Back 27

uses allowed in a particular zone district as named in the ordinance

no special permits required

Front 28

Non Conforming Use

Back 28

may be allowed if special permits are obtained

allowed for a time if it predates the adoption of the zoning ordinance (grandfathering)

Front 29

Special Use Permit

Back 29

use allowed in a zoning district only after permit has been obtained

public hearing required w/notification

Front 30

Conditional Use Permit

Back 30

Permit contains conditions that must be followed

ex) paying a fee in order to do something

Front 31

Mixed Use Zoning

Back 31

allows multiple uses within a single zoning district

Front 32

Overlay Zoning

Back 32

special districts designated to include additional regulations

Front 33

Variance

Back 33

Given to a standard, not a use

public hearing required

have to have a good reason outside of your control

Front 34

Extra Territorial Zoning

Back 34

decisions in this area made by a joint committee with 3 members from the city and 3 members from affected township

Front 35

Covenant

Back 35

Initiated by private entities

developers specifies additional requirements of landowner

Front 36

Rezoning

Back 36

must be a benefit to the community

must consider proximity to other zones

Front 37

Annexation

Back 37

only way a city can grow

stated in masterplan

different procedures

initiated by landowner or govt

Front 38

Subdivision Regulation

Back 38

applies when land is subdivided for dev.

used to influence location, timing, financial

ex) roads & fire access, utilities, protection from hazards

Front 39

Building Codes

Back 39

Applies to individual structures

designed to ensure livable and safe dwelling units

ex) kitchen facilities, bathrooms, electrical systems

Front 40

Slope problems: types of disturbances

Back 40

Mechanical cut & fill

Deforestation

Improper siting & construction

Front 41

Field surveying

Back 41

Projecting a level line from a point of known elevation & measuring the distance above and below that line

Front 42

Preferable slope standards

Back 42

Industrial /commercial sites level

Copland less than 18%

Front 43

Angle of repose

Back 43

Max angle at which earthen material can be safely inclined

Front 44

Slope forms

Back 44

Straight

S shaped

Concave

Convex

Complex

Front 45

Data sources

Back 45

Topographic map

Aerial photos

Geological maps

Seismic maps

Soul maps

Experts