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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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IMPORT SUBSTITUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION (ISI) |
-creation of domestic industry to provide prod. previously imported -mid 1900s -internationalist/nationalist economic places |
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POPULISM |
-political force that appeals to the general people |
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CLIENTELISM |
-political force targeting low income/ rich org -political party helps individual in exchange of vote |
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CORPORATISM |
political force targeting major groups {working class, youth, women, producers, & urban workers} |
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PERONISM |
*Political force in Argentina name comes from President Juan Domingo* -supporters were working class w/the influence of Evita
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JACOBO ARBENZ |
-President in Guatemala - confiscated United Fruit Land, railroads, ports -did not follow U.S. anti-communist/cold war Sought to expropriate large, unused states |
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26 of July Movement |
-CUBA - Fidel Castro organized an attack on Moncada military barrack to obtain arms in popular uprising |
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GRANMA |
- Boat built for 6 -84 revolutionaries took off in from Mexico to Cuba |
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THEOLOGY OF LIBERATION |
ASK |
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NATIONAL SECURITY DOCTRINE |
ask
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COUNTERINSURGENCY DOCTRINE |
-enemy is INTERNAL not external {marxist, socialism, & social justice} |
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SCHOOL OF THE AMERICAS |
U.S. trained Central American military teens/youth to defeat their own kind {turn in people that are going against gov} because they are a threat |
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PLAN CONDOR |
-campaign of political repression cause terror involving intelligence operations/assassinations of opponents -US support---> killed 30,000/disappeared * destroyed Latin America populist movements |
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DIRTY WAR |
-State of terrorism in Argentina {1974-1983} -right wings, military,security forces HUNTED/KILLED left wing guerillas
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MOTHERS OF THE PLAZA DE MAYO
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-Mothers protested in Argentina demanding their kids to return/find their missing bodies
-1976-1983 -took place during the Dirty War |
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SALVADOR ALLENDE |
-President of Chile 1966-1969 -1st Marxist President -Overthrown by the U.S. in La Moneda Palace gave his last speech vowing NOT to resign |
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AUGUSTO PINOCHET |
-president of Chile after Allende 1973-1981 {Dictator} -9/11 1973 military overthrew Allende's gov. in a coup |
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NEOLIBERALISM |
1990 s -2006 -associated w/ laissez-faire -advocates free trade *NAFTA 1994 *EPZ {exploit processing zone} *maquiladoras *pinochet/ dirty wars --->all took place during neoliberalism |
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CHICAGO BOYS |
1970s -group of male economist Chileans -advocated widespread privatization other free market policies -Chile project 1950 s by U.S. Department |
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LAISSEZ FAIRE |
-policy/ attitude of letting things takes place on its own |
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MILTON FRIEDMAN |
-American Economist -taught in University of Chicago -research on consumption analysis -trained Chicago boys |
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PRIVATIZATION |
shifts funding from private to public |
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DEREGULATION |
-process of removing/reducing regulations -government regulating certain activities |
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LIBERALIZATION |
-relax of previous government restrictions |
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NAFTA NORTHERN AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT |
1994 : bet. US/ Mexico -Reduced prices & increased availability of Urban consumer goods -Zapatistas rebelled |
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STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT saps |
-Consist pf loans provided by International Monetary Fund (IMF) & World Bank (WB) to countries experiencing economic crisis |
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FREE TRADE |
-Policy in which governments DO NOT restrict imports/exports |
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COYOTE |
- smuggles immigrants to the U.S. in return of money |
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LA BESTIA |
train that travels to mexico -central Americans get on it so they can get to the US -train kills several undocuments (die) |
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LAS PATRONAS |
-Group of women who throw food/bottles of water to the travelers who speed by on the train towards Mexico-->US |
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INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR |
-Theorist explaining the shift of manufacturing industries from advanced capitalist countries |
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MAQUILADORAS |
-operation in a free trade zone -factories import material & equipment on a duty free assembly & then EXPORT the assembled process |
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EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE (EPZ) |
-Area where one is allowed to import machinery for the manufacture of export goods under security w/out payment duty |
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REMITTANCES |
-sum of money send as a gift {mail, payment} |
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MULTI-LAYERED DISCOURSE |
ask
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COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE |
ask |
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MULTI- SCALAR STRUGGLES |
ASK |
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ACCUMULATION BY DISPOSSESION |
1970 s- present -concept presented by Marxist geographer David Harvey -defines neoliberal capitalist policies in western nations -wealth/power in the hands of the FEW depriving the poor from their own land |
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COSMOVISION |
-particular view in understanding the world -mesoamerican view the world through time and space |
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PINK TIDE {TURN TO THE LEFT} |
term to describe the leftist ideology -influential in Latin America {Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia, & Brazil} |
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POST NEOLIBERALISM |
-ideals that go against Washington C/ Neoliberalism -movement strong in Latin America *left wing (pink tide) had influence redistribution of wealth |
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NATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL POST- NEOLIBERALISM |
-attempt to rethink as the indigenous cosmovisions + specifically in Bolivia |
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HUGO CHAVEZ |
1999-2013 -leader of the Fifth Republic movement -political ideology Chavismo {ideology of bolivialism + socialism of 21st century} -buys his votes from the poor; poor= extreme loyalty -active in a # of projects for regional integration |
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RAFAEL CORREA |
President of Rep. Ecuador -economist -learned Quichua (indigenous dialect)= more vote from indigenous people |
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RAUL PREBISCH |
-Argentine economist -guiding light of Economic Commission for Latin America {ECLA} -his analysis focused on latin america exporting raw materials w/in a global economy |
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COCA |
any of the four cultivated plants in the family of erythoroxylaceae -cash crop frown in South America { Bolivia, colombia, peru, & argentina} -chewing/ drinking coca DOES NOT produce the intense high |
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EVO MORALES |
President of Bolivia -activist of Coca -1st indigenous president -head of the movement of socialism -build relationship w/leftist (part of the pink tide)
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WHAT WERE THE REASONS THAT MADE THE IDEA OF REVOLUTION SO PREVALENT AFTER 1945 IN LATIN AMERICA? |
-ethnic nationalism became more political IT mixed w/marxism -restriction of ISI economy...focused more on exports -populist political parties/ figures
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NAME SOME OF THE STRUCTURAL LIMITATIONS FACED BY ISI STRATEGY? |
* Manufacturing incapable of creating jobs which meant rapid urbanization with rapid growth of urban poor
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What was the relation with the rise of populism and the emergence of mass electoral politics? |
* Populism: A different way of approaching politics, geared towards attracting a votes by reaching out to lower class. (indigenous people/industrial workers)
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What was the “Guatemalan Spring” and why did the US government actively seek to overthrow the democratically-‐elected government of Jacobo Arbenz? |
The democratic elections of two nationalist presidents from 1944-54. Arbenz expropriated large estates, confiscated land from United Fruit company as well as roads and railroads, and embraced communist/marxist ideologies. He was not in the US government's favor. Guatemala 1944-1954 |
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JUAN JOSE AREVALO |
* New social security law, new labor code, new constitution
* national president |
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What factors explain the triumph of the Cuban revolution? |
-Che Guevara and Fidel Castro led Mexican attack on Cuba -US stops buying Cuban Sugar/ US cuts off trade from Cuba and other US allies - |
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What are some of the main mechanisms through which neoliberalism contributed to restructure the societies of the Americas? |
1. Deregulation
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What were some of the main results of neoliberal restructuring in Latin America? |
Neoliberal restructuring = political process 1. Dismantling of social programs |
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What are the arguments supporting the notion that migration from Mexico (and Latin America in general) constitutes a form of subsidy in favor of the United States? |
NAFTA · Structural Adjustment · Free Trade |
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what holds Latin America and Latinos: The Future of the Americas/Global Society? |
The four conceptual pillars of LALS 1 revisited · Shared and Divergent Futures: US and Latin America in the next 25 years . The role of US Latinos in the next 25 years · Towards a World where Many Worlds can Coexist · The Legend of the Eagle and the Condor |
