Lacc Bio Exam 2 (Ch 6 - 11)

Front 1

Q

Back 1

A

Front 2

What are the two functions of cyclic electron flow?

Back 2

1. generate surplus ATP, satisfying the higher demand in the Calvin cycle 2. maintain right proportion of NADPH produced

Front 3

Cyclic linear flow produces what?

Back 3

ATP

Front 4

Noncyclic linear flow produces what?

Back 4

ATP and NADPH

Front 5

What is the product of dark reactions?

Back 5

glucose

Front 6

What are the products of light reactions?

Back 6

ATP and NADPH

Front 7

Cyclic linear flow uses Photosystem ___?

Back 7

Photosystem I

Front 8

Linear/noncyclic linear flow uses Photosystem ___

Back 8

Photosystem I and Photosystem II

Front 9

Does PS I occur after PS II?

Back 9

No! PS II and PS I occur simultaneously.

Front 10

During chemiosmosis, a strong diffusion gradient is set up. The only exist for these protons (H+) is through the _____

Back 10

ATP synthase complex

Front 11

In chemiosmosis, protons (H+) are pumped against their concentration gradient from the _____ of the chloroplast into the ____

Back 11

stroma; thylakoid space

Front 12

Where does the oxygen from light reactions come from?

Back 12

water molecule

Front 13

Where in the plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place?

Back 13

stroma!

Front 14

Calvin cycle builds sugar by using ___

Back 14

ATP

Front 15

Calvin cycle reduces the power of electrons carried by ___

Back 15

NADPH

Front 16

Carbon enters as CO2 and leaves as sugar ___

Back 16

G3P (half of a sugar)

Front 17

To make 1 G3P, the cycle must take place ___ times

Back 17

3

Front 18

What are the 3 PHASES of Calvin cycle?

Back 18

1. carbon fixation 2. reduction 3. regeneration RuBp

Front 19

In the Calvin cycle, CO2 combines with the five-carbon sugar ribolose biphosphate with the help of enzyme ___

Back 19

Rubisco

Front 20

In the Calvin cycle, the resulting unstable 6-carbon compound breaks down into 2 molecules of ___

Back 20

PGA (3-phosphoglyceric acid)

Front 21

In the Calvin cycle, the PGA molecules are further phosphorylated by ATP into 1,3 biphosphoglycerate which are then reduced by NADH to form ____

Back 21

G3P/Pgal

Front 22

_____ serves as starting material for glucose, fructose, and other organic molecules

Back 22

G3P

Front 23

In the dark reactions, ___ is reduced by NADPH

Back 23

ATP

Front 24

What is photorespiration?

Back 24

RuBp binds to O2 (not good)

Front 25

For C4 plants, dark reactions occur in ___ cells

Back 25

bundle sheath

Front 26

For C4 plants, light reactions occur in ___ cells

Back 26

mesophyll

Front 27

C4 plants lack ___ in their bundle sheath cells

Back 27

grana

Front 28

Where do CAM plants (cacti) store CO2?

Back 28

vacuoles

Front 29

Which kind of plants have PEP carboxylase which binds to CO2?

Back 29

CAM (succulents)

Front 30

What are the 3 steps of cellular respiration (how we make ATP from food we consume)

Back 30

1. glycolysis 2. citric acid/Krebs 3. oxidative phosphorylation

Front 31

What steps of cellular respiration require oxygen?

Back 31

citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Front 32

1 Glucose molecule can produce __ ATP

Back 32

38!

Front 33

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Back 33

cytoplasm

Front 34

What are the end products of glycolysis?

Back 34

4 ATP (net 2); 2 NADH; 2 pyruvates

Front 35

In the Krebs cycle of cellular respiration, acetyl CoA ___ from pyruvate 3-carbon

Back 35

removes 1 carbon

Front 36

Where in the cell does Krebs cycle occur?

Back 36

mitochondrial matrix!

Front 37

What are the end products of Krebs cycle?

Back 37

1 ATP; 3 NADH; 1 FH2; 2 CO2

Front 38

What is the direct way of making ATP?

Back 38

substrate-level phosphorylation

Front 39

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in which stages of the cellular respiration?

Back 39

glycolysis; Krebs cycle

Front 40

What is chemiosmosis?

Back 40

high proton gradient between intermembrane space and mitochondrial matrix cause protons to diffuse into mitochondrial matrix via ATP synthase

Front 41

Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis are what kind of phosphorylation?

Back 41

oxidative

Front 42

What is electron transport chain?

Back 42

ETC causes integral proteins (protein complex) in the mitochondria membrane to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space

Front 43

In oxidative phosphorylation, __ and __ oxidize, creating a proton gradient used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP

Back 43

NADH and FADH2

Front 44

White blood cells (immune system) use what kind of communication?

Back 44

juxtacrine

Front 45

What is juxtacrine signaling?

Back 45

Two cells touch with their glycoprotein

Front 46

Growth factors and clotting factors use what kind of signaling?

Back 46

paracrine

Front 47

What is paracrine signaling?

Back 47

The cell sends out molecules; nearby cells receives the molecules

Front 48

What occurs in the reception stage of cell communication?

Back 48

Ligands binds with its receptor.

Front 49

What are the 3 types of membrane receptors?

Back 49

1. G-protein-linked receptors 2. receptor tyrosine kinases 3. ion channel receptors

Front 50

Our sense of smell, mood, and autoimmune nervous system relies on what kind of cell membrane receptor?

Back 50

G-protein-linked receptor

Front 51

When a signal molecule binds to _____ cell membrane receptor, two subunits join to form a dimer

Back 51

receptor tyrosine kinase

Front 52

Na+ and Ca2+ ions rely on what kind of cell membrane receptors to enter?

Back 52

ion channel receptor