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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Specific Gravity of urine
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1.003-1.035
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what does specific gravity measure; when is it increased and decreased
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-the kidneys ablity to concentrate urine, the higher the value the more concentrated the urine
-increased in DM, volume depletion -dec in diabetes insipidus |
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what can turn urine blue/green/black
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-lysol poisoning
-melanin -bilirubin -methemoglobin -pseudomonas toxemia |
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what does a CBC w/ diff include
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-WBC differing them into monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils (PMN's)
-RBC -RBC indices (MCHC, MCV,MCH) -reticulocyte count (imm RBC) -hematocrit -hemoglobin -platelet count |
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WBC
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5,000-10,000 /microliters
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what is a low WBC and what does it mean
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-less then 5,000 (this is leukopenia)
-overwhelming infection -viral infection -hypersplenism -bone marrow depression |
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what is a high WBC and what does it mean
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- >10,000 (leukocytosis)
-bacterial infection -inflammatory process -tissue necrosis (MI, burns) -physical stress |
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what are band neutrophils and what shift does this cause in WBC count
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-less mature neutrophils (segmented are banded)
-left shift and signifies acute bacterial infection |
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what is normal RBC
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-4.6 million/ul
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when is RBC decreased
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-anemia
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when is RBC increased (polycythemia)
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-caused by inc production of RBC or dec in plasma
-dehydration, poisoning, diarrhea, pulmonary fibrosis |
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what is hematocrit (Hct) and what is normal
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-measures the volume the RBC take up in the blood
-45% (45% of blood volume is made up of RBC) |
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when does Hct increase
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-in blood loss and anemia
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what is Hb and what is normal
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-Hb fills RBC and carries the O2 in the cell and gives it the red color
-male 16, female 14 |
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when is Hb decreased, increased
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-decreased in anemia
-increased in polycythemia (inc RBC) |
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what is a normal reticulocyte count
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0.5-1.5%
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what is INR and what does it measure
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-standardized value for PT
-measures the extrinsic pathway for coagulation - normal is 2-3 |
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normal platlet count
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-150,000-300,000
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thrombocytopenia
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decrease in platelets
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thrombocytosis
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increase in platelets
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PTT - partial thromboplastin time
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-measures the intrinsic coagulation pathway
-25-35 seconds |
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measure of coumadin treatment
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PT; prothrombin time
-11-16 seconds |
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measure of heparin tx
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PTT; partial prothromboplastin time
-25-35 seconds |
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when is the intrinsic pathway responsible for coagulation
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-blood vessel damage (exposed collagen)
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when is the extrinsic pathway responsible for coagulation
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-tissue damage
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lab charting for hospitals includes
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-Na, Cl, BUN, K, CO, creat, Glucose
-WBC, Hb, Hct, Platelets -PT/INR/PTT |
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BUN; what does it measure and what is normal
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-measures urea produced in the liver as a product of protein catabolism and excreted by the kidneys
-so it measures liver fxn and kidney excretion -10-20% |
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when is BUN increased
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-renal z
-dehydration -high protein diet -DM |
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when is BUN decreased
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-liver failure
-malnutrition -pregnancy |
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Calcium normal value
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9-10 mg/dl
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Chloride normal value
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98-109 mmol/l
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when are Cl levels depleted
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massive loss of GI fluids or urine
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normal value for cholesterol
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less then 200mg/dl
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normal value for CPK (creatine phosphokinase)
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male: 55-170 U/l
female: 30-135 U/l |
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normal value for creatinine
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0.7-1.4 mg/dl
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what is creatinine a measure of, when is it increased
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-by product of muscle catabolism
-increased in renal disease and nephritis -better measure of kidney function then BUN |
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normal for potassium
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3.5-5.0 mEq/l
-K is the primary intracellular cation |
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what can low blood K lead to
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-depression of myocardial contractility and can lead to arrythmias
-leg cramps and weakness |
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what can high blood K lead to
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cardiac excitability and can lead to fibrillations and death
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normal sodium level
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135-145 mmol/l
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what is the most abundant cation in the blood
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Na
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what is the fxn of Na in the blood
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-maintaining osmotic pressure
-acid-base balance -transmitting nerve impulses |
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what is the normal CO2 level
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35-45 mmHg
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Normal MCV
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80-100
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Normal MCH
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26-34
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Normal MCHC %
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31-37
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Normal Uric Acid
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Male: 2-8
Female 2-7.5 |
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Normal segmented neutrophils
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54-62%
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Normal Band Forms
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3-5
> 8 signifies left shift |
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Normal D Dimer
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< 250 ug/L
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Normal ESR
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Male: <20 mm/hr
Female: <30 mm/hr |
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Normal CRP
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< 0.8 mg/dL
high risk when >3.0 mg |
