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43 Cards in this Set

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pH

Measures % oh H+



Arterial: 7.35-7.45


Venous: 7.31-7.41

ABG

PaCO2

Partial pressure of CO2


Respiratory component



35-45 mmHg

ABG

HCO3-

Measures bicarbonate


Metabolic component



21-28mEq/L

ABG


Chem 7 panel

BE

Base Excess


Measurement of metabolic derangement



-2 to +3 mEq/L

ABG

PaO2

Partial pressure of O2



80-100 mmHg

ABG

Sao2

Measures % of potential O2 binding sites on Hgb that are occupied by O2 molecules



>93%

ABG

Ca++i

Ionized Calcium



4.60-5.08 mg/dL

Electrolyte

Na+

Sodium



136-142 mEq/L



Low levels found in CHF, ARF, liver disease, or pts undergoing diuretic therapy

Chem 7 Panel

K+

Potassium



3.5-5 mEq/L



High levels seen in crush injuries, tissue necrosis, metabolic acidosis, and low excretions



Low levels seen in hypothermia, insulin administration

Chem 7 panel

Cl-

Chloride



96-106mEq/L



Low levels seen in impending renal dysfunction, excess diuresis

Chem 7 panel

BUN

Blood Urea Nitrogen



8-23 mg/dL



Test used to measure urea



High levels occur with decreased renal function, high protein diets, burn/crush injuries



Tends to elevate with age due to gradually declining renal function.

Chem 7 panel

Cr

Creatinine



0.6-1.2 mg\dL



High levels seen in rhabdomyolosis and decreased renal function.

Chem 7 panel

Gluc

Glucose



70-110 mg/dL


Chem 7 panel

Hgb

Hemoglobin



Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dL


Female: 12.0-16.0 g/dL



Protein responsible for carrying O2 to cells



High levels result from dehydration, burns, or excessive vomiting



Low levels are typical of most anemias

CBC

Hct

Hematocrit



41-50%



The % of formed elements in a venous blood sample


CBC

RBC

Red Blood Cell count



3.9-5.5 x10^6/μL



High levels indicate hemoconcentration



Low levels indicate anemia

CBC

WBC

White blood cell count



4,500-11,000/μL



Low levels seen in certain anemias, vitamin deficiencies, and sepsis



High levels seen in infection, cancers, and vascular conditions (PE, AMI, DVT)

CBC

Plt Count

Platelet count



150-350x10^3/μL



High levels seen in myeloproliferative disorders



Low levels indicate thrombocytopenia due to splenomegaly, DIC, or high levels of circulation platelet antibodies

Blood component

COHb

Carboxyhemoglobin



<0.02(2%)



High levels indicate CO poisoning

Blood component

PT

Prothrombin Time



10-13 seconds



High levels seen in liver disease or with warfarin therapy



Low levels seen in Vitamin K deficiency, DIC, and after massive transfusions

Coagulation

aPTT

Activated partial thromboplastin time



25-40 seconds



High levels seen in hemophilia A, hemophilia B, vonWillebrands, and DIC

Coagulation

INR

International Normalized Ratio



0.9-1.3



High ratios seen in some diseases such as PT elevation and pts receiving anticoagultion therapy

Coagulation

Ca++

Total Calcium



8.2-10.2 mg/dL



Low levels seen with renal insufficiency, hypomagnesia, hyperphosphatemia, massive blood transfusions, or low parathyroid hormone states

Electrolyte

ALT

Alanine aminotransferase



10-40 U/L


Liver Enzyme

AST:ALT

Ratio



1:1



If AST:ALT IS <1 it is an acute injury



If AST:ALT is > 1 it is a chronic disorder

Liver Enzyme

Total Bilirubin

0.3-1.2 mg/dL



High levels seen in pts with liver disease, biliary disease, and RBC hemolysis

Protein

Amylase

27-131 U/L



High levels seen in pancreatic disease, bile duct obstruction, and head trauma

Protein

Lipase

31-186 U/L



High levels seen with pancreatitis, pancreatic CA, and biliary disease/obstruction

Protein

AlkPhos

Alkaline Phosphatase



30-120 U/L


Protein

CK

Creatine Kinase



CK: 40-150 U/L


CK-MB: 0-7 ng/mL



CK-MB is in heart muscle


High CK-MB levels > 12ng/mL indicate AMI

Cardiac Enzyme

AG

Anion Gap



8-16 mEq/L



Determines relationship between Na+, Cl-, and HCO3- related to respiratory/kidney problems



High levels indicate unmeasured anions (lactic acid) are present

Ratio

Osmolality

275-295 mOsm/kg



Measures free water



High levels indicate "dry" pt with low levels of free water



Low levels indicate fluid retention

Etc

EtOH

Ethyl Alcohol



<20 mg/dL


Ethanol

Mg+

Magnesium



1.3-2.1 mEq/L



High levels indicate renal defects, severe dehydration, untreated diabetic coma, and aspiration of sea water



Low levels seen in GI distress, N/V/D, hepatic cirrhosis, and pancreatitis

Electrolyte

cTnI

Cardiac Troponin I



0-0.4 ng/mL



High levels indicate AMI

Cardiac Enzyme

Myoglobin

19-92 μg/L



Elevated levels with chest pain warrant further investigation



Lower levels used to rule out AMIs

Cardiac Enzyme

CRP

C- reactive protein



0.08-3.1 mg/L



Indicator of inflammation 4-6 hours after injury



Levels >10mg/L indicates significant inflammatory disease

Liver Protein

LDH

Lactate Dehydrogenase



100-200U/L


Protein

Lactate

5.0-15 mg/dL


Protein

Albumin

3.5-5.0g/dL



Low levels indicate liver disease and high vascular permeability



High levels indicate dehydration

Protein

BNP

B-type natriuretic peptide



<167pg/mL



Indicates abnormal ventricular function and CHF

Protein

AST

Aspartate aminotransferase



10-30 U/L



High levels seen in liver damage especially with acute hepatitis or biliary tract obstruction

Liver Enzyme

BUN:Cr

Blood Urea Nitrogen:Creatinine ratio



13:1 to 19:1



High ratio indicates dehydration, GI bleed, or elevated catabolism



Low ratio indicates acute tubular necrosis, low protein intake, and acute hemodialysis

Chem 7 ratio