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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define RBC
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Red Blood Cells
Actual count of red corpuscles |
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Normal RBC
Male |
4.6-6.2
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Normal RBC
Female |
4.2-5.2
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Define Hemoglobin
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A direct measure of oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
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Normal Hemoglobin
Male |
14-18 g/dl
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Normal Hemoglobin
Female |
12-16 g/dl
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Define Hematocrit
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The percentage of blood that is composed of erythrocytes
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Normal Hematocrit
Male |
39-49%
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Normal Hematocrit
Female |
35-45%
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Define MCV
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Mean Cell Volume
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Normal MCV
Male |
80-96
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Normal MCV
Female |
82-98
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Define MCH
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Mean Cell Hemoglobin
% volume of hemoglobin per RBC |
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Normal MCH
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27-33
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What do increases in MCH indicate?
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Folate Deficiency
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What do decreases in MCH indicate?
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Iron deficiency
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Normal Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration
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31-35
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Define Reticulocyte Count
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An indirect measure of RBC production
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Normal Reticulocyte Count
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0.5-2.5% of RBC
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Define RDW
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Red Blood Cell Distribution Width
Indicates variation in the red cell volume. |
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Normal RDW
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11-16%
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What is an increased RDW indicative of?
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Iron deficiency anemia or mixed anemia
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Note: Increase in RDW occurs earlier than decrease in MCV therefore RDW is used for early detection of iron deficiency anemia
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*******************************************
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Normal Platelet Count
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140,000 - 440,000
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What should the nurse be concerned with when Platelet Count is Low?
High? |
Low: Worry that the patient will bleed
High: Not clinically significant |
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What does WBC stand for?
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White Blood Cells
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Normal WBC
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3.4-10
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When do increases in WBC occur?
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Occur during infections and physiological stress
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When do decreases in WBC occur?
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Marrow suppression and Chemotherapy
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Define Na
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Sodium
Major cntributory to cell osmolarity and in control of water balance |
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Normal Na
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136-145
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Hypernatremia Lab Value
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Greater than 145
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Causes of Hypernatremia
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Sodium overload
or Volume depletion |
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Hypernatremia seen in...
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Impaired thirst
Inability to replace insensable losses Renal or GI Loss |
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Hypernatremia S/Sx
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Thirst
Restlessness Lethargy Muscle Twitching Seizures Hyper flexia Coma and Death |
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Hyponatremia Lab Value
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136 or less
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Causes of Hyponatremia
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true depletion
or Dilution |
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Hyponatremia seen in...
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CHF
Diarrhea Sweating Thiazides |
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Hyponatremia Symptoms
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Agitation
Anorexia Apathy Disorientation Lethargy Muscle Cramps Nausea |
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Define K
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Potassium
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Normal Potassium
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3.5-5.0
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What are potassium levels regulated by?
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Renal Function
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Hypokalemia Lab Values
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Less than 3.5
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Hyperkalemia Lab Values
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Greater than 5.0
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Note: False K elevations are seen in hemolysis of samples!
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***********************************************
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At what potassium lab values should a nurse panic with a patient with Hyperkalemia?
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Greater than 6
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Define Cl
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Chloride
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Normal Chloride lab values
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96-106
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What are chloride lab values reduced by?
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Metabolic alkalosis
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What are chloride lab values increased by?
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Metabolic or respiratory acidosis
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Define HC03
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Bicarbonate
This test represents bicarbonate (the base form of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system) |
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Normal HC03 values
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24-30
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What is a decreased HC03 indicative of?
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Acidosis
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What is an increased HCO3 Indicative of?
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Alkalosis
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Normal Glucose Lab Values
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70-110
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Causes of Hyperglycemia
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Diabetes
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Hyperglycemia
S/Sx |
Increase thirst
Increase Urination Increase Hunger May Progress to Coma |
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Hypoglycemia
S/Sx |
Sweating
Hunger Anxiety Trembling Blurred Vision Weakness Headache or Altered Mental Status |
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Causes of Hypoglycemia
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Fasting
Insulin Administration |
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Define BUN
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Blood Urea Nitrogen
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Normal BUN
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8-20
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Critically High BUN
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Greater than 100 mg/dl
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Define SCr
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Serum Creatinine
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Normal SCr
Adults |
0.7-1.5
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Normal SCr
Children |
0.2-0.7
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Note SCr is constant in patients with normal kidney function
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What in increased SCr indicative of?
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Indicates worsening renal function
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What are Total Protein and Albumin related to?
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R/t liver status
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Normal Total Protein Lab value?
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5.5-9.0
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Normal Albumin Lab Values
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3.0-5.0
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Causes of Low Total Protein and Albumin Lab Values?
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Liver dysfunction
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Low Total Protein and Albumin Lab Values
S/Sx |
Peripheral Edema
Ascites Periorbital Edema and Pulmonary Edema |
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Normal Serum Calcium (Ca) Lab Values
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8.5-10.8
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Hypocalcemia Lab Values
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Less than 8.5
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Causes of Hypocalcemia
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Low serum proteins (most common)
Decrease intake Calcitonin Steroids Loop diuretcs High PO4 Low Mg Hypoparathyroidism (common) Renal Failure Vitamin D Deficiency (common) Pancreatitis |
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Hypocalcemia
S/Sx |
Fatigue
Depression Memory Loss Hallucinations Possible seizures or Tetany |
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What can Hypocalcemia lead to?
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MI
Cardiac Arrhythmias Hypotension |
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What are the early signs of Hypocalcemia?
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Finger Numbness
Tingling Burning of extremities Paresthias |
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What lab values are considered Hypercalcemia?
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More than 10.8
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Causes of Hypercalcemia
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Malignancy or Hyperparathyroidism (most common)
Excessive IV Ca Salts Supplements Chronic Immobilizations Pagets disease Sarcoidosis Hyperthyroidism Lithium Androgens Tamoxifen Estrogen Progesterone Excessive Vitamin D or Thyroid Hormone |
