Lab Tools Chapt 3 Talaro

Front 1

what is agar?

Back 1

widely used and most effective semisolid medium for cultures

a polysaccharide isolated from tred alga Gelidium

Front 2

What are the 5 I's of culturing?

Back 2

1. Inoculation

2. Incubation

3. Isolation

4. Inspection

5. Identification

Front 3

What is Inoculation?

Back 3

create a culture by introducing miccroorganisms (the inoculum) to a nutrient medium

must be sterile

usually examining body fluids or natural material

Front 4

What is Incubation?

Back 4

culture is placed in a temperature controlled chamber to encourage growth

Front 5

What is Isolation?

Back 5

creates a colony of one species

uses the streak plate method or the loop dilation method

Front 6

What is Inspection?

Back 6

Picture it like a garden, you've seeded the media and now you need to remove the weeds

you can do a subculture to isolate the study item to create an axenic culture

Front 7

What is an axenic culture

Back 7

a culture free of other living things besides study item

Front 8

What is a mixed culture?

Back 8

Your garden has onions and carrots

Front 9

What is the Identification process?

Back 9

using a microscope

looking for byproducts of cellular metabolism

DNA analysis

Reaction with antibodies

Lab animal testing

Front 10

How can different types of media be classified?

Back 10

1. Physical State

2. Chemical Composition

3. Functional Type

Front 11

What are the various physical states of culture media?

Back 11

liquid
semi solid
solid (that can be turned into liquid)
solid (that cannot be turned into liquid)

Front 12

What type of physical state of a culture media is used to determine motility of study subject?

Back 12

semi-solid

Front 13

What are the benefits of using agar as a culture medium?

Back 13

solid at room temp

melts at water boiling point

once it is liquid it takes awhile to re-solidify (42 degrees C)

flexable and moldable

holds moisture and nutrients

Front 14

What are the two types of Chemical States of a culture medium?

Back 14

1. Synthetic
(chemically defined)

2. Non-Synthetic (complex)

Front 15

Define a Synthetic medium

Back 15

chemically defined.

It's like a recipe. You have the exact chemical ingredients you need to make the medium.

You have to know what your miccroorganism wants and needs though

Front 16

Define a Non-Synthetic/ Complex medium

Back 16

at least one ingredient is not chemically definable

Front 17

What are the different types of functional media?

Back 17

general purpose

enriched medium

selective medium

differential medium

miscellaneous medium

Front 18

Describe a general purpose medium

Back 18

grow a broad spectrum of microbes

no special growth requirements are needed

usually a non-synthetic / complex medium

Front 19

Describe a selective medium

Back 19

permits the growth of desired microbes while inhibiting the growth of unwanted ones.

i.e. mannitol salt agar is intolerable to everything but staphylococcus

it allows for the examination of pathogens that may otherwise get lost in the shuffle due to low representation in general population

Front 20

Describe enriched medium

Back 20

special growth factors are needed for the microbe to grow

may require blood, hemoglobin, serum, vitamins, amino acids

Front 21

What are fastidious bacteria?

Back 21

bacteria that require growth factors and complex nutrients

Front 22

Describe differential medium

Back 22

medium that brings out the visible variations between microbes

This occurs due to chemical reactions by various microbes to the chemicals in the medium (dyes and pH indicators)

Front 23

What are some miscellaneous mediums?

Back 23

Reducing --allows for anaerobic bacteria growth

Carb Fermentation

transport medium allows for the delicate transport

live animals and live cells as a medium

Front 24

How do you prepare a slide with a fresh live sample?

Back 24

traditional wet mount

or

hanging drop slide

Front 25

Describe a fixed stain smear

Back 25

heat fixation of a sample preserves it and it's cellular components

Front 26

What is the difference between a positive vs a negative stain?

Back 26

+ stain = dye stains to the cell and gives them color.

may be basic or acidic depending on the charge of the cell

- stain = dye dries around the subject border
acidic dye because the common negative repels dye from entering cell

Front 27

Describe a simple dye

Back 27

only uses one color dye

Front 28

Describe a differential stain

Back 28

Uses a primary dye and a counterstain

allows you to differentiate cell types and cell parts as well as the size, shape and arrangements of cells

Front 29

What type of stain is Gram Staining?

Back 29

differential staining

Front 30

What type of cells stain purple in a Gram stain?

Back 30

gram positive cells

Front 31

What type of cells stain red in a gram stain?

Back 31

gram negative cells

Front 32

What type of cells stain pink in an acid fast stain?

Back 32

acid fast bacteria

Front 33

What is acid fast bacteria?

Back 33

the property of mycobacteria to retain carbol fuchsin even in the presence of acid alcohol

used to diagnose tuburclulosis

Front 34

What type of cells stain blue in acid fast stains?

Back 34

non-acid fast bacteria

Front 35

What does an endospore stain do?

Back 35

heat forces dye into spores and endospores to distinguish them from the other surrounding vegatative cells

Bacillus (anthrax)
Clostridium (botulism and tetanus)

Front 36

What are structural stains?

Back 36

designed to bring out the specific distinctive characteristics of a microbe

Front 37

What are 2 types of structural stains?

Back 37

capsulle

flagullar

Front 38

What is capsulle stain observing?

Back 38

microbial capsule or lack thereof

Front 39

What is a flagullar stain observing?

Back 39

the little tail of the microbe