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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sodium
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135-145
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Potassium
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3-5
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Glucose
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70-100
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Magnesiun
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1-2
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Calcium
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8-10
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Chloride
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95-100
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BUN
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10-20
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Creatinine & Bilirubin
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1
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Albumin
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3-5
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Total Protein
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6-7.8
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T4(total)
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5-12
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PT/INR
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12-15/2-3
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PTT
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60-70
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ALT (Alanine Transaminase)
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7-40
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AST (Aspartate Transaminase)
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10-40
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Bounding pulse, tachy, hypotension, pale & dry skin, edema, weight gain, thirst, renal failure, weakness, headache, confusion, seizures, vomiting, diarrhea
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Low Sodium (s/s)
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Tachy, HTN, decreased cardiac contractility, flushed skin, increased urine, watery diarrhea, nausea, dry & sticky mucous membranes, increased thirst, tremor and hyper-reflexia, dry tongue
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High Sodium (s/s)
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Weak, thready, variable pulse rate; pedal pulses difficult to palpate, decreased shallow breaths, dyspnea, anxiety, muscle weakness, anxiety, lethargy, depression, confusion, leg cramps, weakness, vomiting, nausea, constipation, abdominal distension
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Low Potassium (s/s)
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Irregular & slow HR, decreased B.P., muscle twitching and paralusis, GI hypermotility, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea, muscle cramps, irritability, anxiety
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High Potassium (s/s)
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Don’t usually occur until level drops below 1 mEq/L; muscle twitching, tremors, hyperreactive reflexes, mood changes, apathy, depression, confusion, growth failure in children, convulsions, hallucinations, tetany, vomiting, diarrhea
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Low Magnesium (s/s)
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Neuromuscular symptoms most common [decreased tendon relexes and decreased neuromuscular activity], hypotension, Brady, flushing and sensation of warmth, possible cardiac arrest, weakness and lethargy, respiratory depression
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High Magensium (s/s)
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tetany, seizures, hyperactive bowel sounds, abdominal cramps, irritability, depression, hypotension, respiratory arrest, oliguria, decreased myocardial contractility, increased bleeding and bruising, dry and brittle nails and hair
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Low Calcium (s/s)
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muscle weakness, increased fatigue, hypotonic bowel sounds, constipation, anorexia, headache, personality changes, coma, lethargy, heart block, HTN, cardiac arrest, polyuria, polydipsia, renal colic, kidney stones, lethargy, confusion, nausea/vomiting
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High Calcium (s/s)
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Slow and shallow respirations [S &S of metabolic alkalosis], Hypotension, muscle tremors & twitching, diarrhea
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Low Chloride (s/s)
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Deep & rapid respirations, weakness, lethargy, stupor, unconsciousness
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High Chloride (s/s)
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---insulin o.d., cachexia, hypothyroidism, Addison’s disease, bacterial sepsis, increased ecercise, liver disease
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Low Glucose (cause)
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--- DM, stress, steroid use, pancreatitis, chronic liver disease, brain trauma
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High Glucose (cause)
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same osmolarity as normal plasma; No osmotic pressure differences
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Isotonic
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lower osmolality than normal plasma
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Hypotonic
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higher osmolality than normal plasma
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Hypertonic
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What type of solution are these?
1 NS (0.9%) 2 LR |
Isotonic
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What type of solution are these?
1 D5W 2 0.45% & 0.225% saline 3 D51/2NS, D51/2NS |
Hypotonic
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What type of solution are these?
1 3% or 5% saline 2 10% or 50% dextrose |
Hypertonic
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Fluids remain in the ECF
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Isotnic effect on ICF
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H20 pulled out of vessels and into cells
Increases the cell H20 |
Hypotonic effect on ICF
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Cause H20 to be pulled from the cells and into the vessels
Results in increased vascular volume & decreased cell H20 |
Hypertonic effect on ICF
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Replaces ECF losses and expands vascular volume quickly
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Isotonic effect on ECF
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Decreased vascular volume
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Hypotonic effect on ECF
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Increases vascular volume of ECF
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Hypertonic effect on ECF
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Expands vascular volume quickly
Replaces ECF losses |
Indications for use : Isotonic
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Treat and prevent cellular dehydration
Provides free H2O to the cells |
Indications for use: Hypotonic
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Treats specific problems
Used in hypgolycemia When serum sodium is too low [<115 g] Used to pull excess fluid from cells & promote osmotic diuresis. Decreases cellular swelling |
Indications for use: Hypertonic
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Liver disease
S & S of FVE Caution in renal failure & CHF |
Isotonic CONTRAINDICATIONS
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In pt.’s w/ brain injuries [ leading to cerebral edema]
Those w/ increase ICP Hypotension During code situations Abnormal fluid shifts [3rd spacing] |
hypotonic CONTRAINDICATIONS
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Those already at risk for cellular dehydration
In caution with those with renal failure and <3 failure |
hypertonic CONTRAINDICATIONS
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Band Neutrophils Normal value
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5-10
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Segmented Neutrophils Normal value
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41-71
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Eosinophils Normal value
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1-3%
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Basophils Normal value
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0-1
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Lymphocytes Normal value
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24-44%
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Monocytes Normal value
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3-7
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Causes for a Decreased count in______?
Aplastic and Iron deficiency anemias. Viral disease Agranulocytosis Addison's disease Neutropenia |
Band Neutrophils
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Cause for a Decreased Count in____?
aplastic iron deficiency anemia |
Segmented Neutrophils
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Cause for a Decreased Count in____?
stress (burns, shock) adrenocortical hyperfunction |
Eosinophils
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Cause for a Decreased Count in____?
stress hypersensitivity reaction pregnancy |
Basophils
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Cause for a Decreased Count in____?
cancer leukemia adrenocortical hyperfunction aplastic anemia renal failure MS Nephritic syndrome SLE viral infection |
Lymphocytes
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Cause for a Decreased Count in____?
lymphocytic leukemia aplastic anemia viral disease cancer collagen |
Monocytes
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