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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selective/Differential permeability
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Valuable cell proteins and other substances are kept within the cell and all waste passes to the exterior.
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Passive Processes
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Concentration or pressure differences drive the movement.
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Active Processes
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The cell provides energy (ATP) to power the transport process.
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Brownian Movement
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The random motion of small particles.
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Concentration Gradient
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Difference in concentration.
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Diffusion
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Movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.
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Simple Diffusion
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The diffusion of solutes through a differentially permeable membrane.
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Osmosis
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The diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane.
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Certain molecules combine with protein carrier molecules in the plasma membrane and move from one side of the membrane to the other down a concentration gradient. Does not require ATP.
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Crenation
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The crinkling-up process cells undergo when the solution is hypertonic to the cell.
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Hypertonic
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Contains more nonpenetrating solutes than are present in the cell.
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Hypotonic
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The cell contains more solutes than are present in the outside of the cell.
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Hemolysis
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The bursting of red blood cells when too much water enters them.
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What are the two types of active processes?
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Active transport and vesicular transport
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solute pumps
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Moves substances against the concentration gradient.
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What are the two types of vesicular transport?
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Endocytosis and exocytosis.
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Pinocytosis
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AKA fluid-phase endocytosis, the cell membranr sinks beneath the material to form a small vesicle, which then pinches off into the cell interior. Most common for taking liquids containing protein or fat.
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Phagocytosis
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Parts of the plasma membrane expand and flow around a large or solid material. The membranous sac forms (phagosome) and is fused with a lysosome, where the contents are digested.
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis
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Used primarily for specific molecules such as cholestorol, iron, and some hormones, and for transfer of substances from one side of the cell to another.
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