Lab Quiz #2: Tissues

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EPITHELIAL TISSUE--WHAT ARE THEY?

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TISSUES THAT COVER BODY SURFACES/LINES ORGAN SURFACES AND WALLS/COVERS DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND CAVITY MEMBRANES

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CHARACTERISTICS OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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--TIGHTLY PACKED TOGETHER

--TIGHT JUNCTIONS BETWEEN CELLS

--LITTLE ROOM FOR MATRIX

--SUPPORTED BY BASEMENT MEMBRANE

--AVASCULAR

--DEPENDS ON DIFFUSION

--MITOTIC

--COMBINATION WITH NERVOUS: SENSORY ORGANS

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APICAL SURFACE

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THE SURFACE THAT FACES THE BODY SURFACE, A BODY CAVITY, THE LUMEN OF AN INTERNAL ORGAN, OR TUBULAR DUCT THAT RECEIVES SECRETIONS.

--CAN HAVE MICROVILLI OR CILIA

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LATERAL SURFACE

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THE SURFACE OF EPITHELIAL CELLS THAT FACE THE ADJACENT CELL MEMBRANES

CAN HAVE TIGHT JUNCTIONS, ADHERENS JUNCTIONS, DESMOSOMES, OR GAP JUNCTIONS

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BASAL SURFACE

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THE SURFACE OF EPITHELIAL CELLS THAT ARE OPPOSITE OF THE APICAL SURFACE AND ADHERE TO EXTRACELLULAR SURFACES LIKE THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE

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HOW ARE EPITHELIAL CELLS ORGANIZED BY?

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THEY ARE ORGANIZED BY:

1. CELL SHAPE

2. # OF LAYERS

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NAME THE CELL SHAPES

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1. SQUAMOUS

2. CUBOIDAL

3. COLUMNAR

4. TRANSITIONAL

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NAME THE LAYERS OF EPITHELIAL CELLS

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1. SIMPLE

2. STRATIFIED

3. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

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NAME CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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--NUCLEI ARE OVAL AND SMALLER THAN CUBOIDAL CELLS

--MEMBRANES ARE CLEARLY OBVIOUS

--EDGES ARE NOT LINEAR BOXES (LOOK LIKE POMEGRANATE SEEDS)

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NAME THREE FUNCTIONS OF SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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FILTRATION, SECRETION, DIFFUSION

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WHERE ARE THREE AREAS WHERE SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM ARE LOCATED?

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NEPHRON OF KIDNEYS, SEROUS MEMBRANES, LUNGS

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WHERE WOULD YOU NOT FIND SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA IN

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THE EPIDERMIS BECAUSE THIS PART OF THE BODY NEEDS STRENGTH AND DURABILITY AND SIMPLE SQUAMOUS IS NOT

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LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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--MEMBRANE SEPARATING CELLS IS NOT AS WELL DEFINED

--NUCLEI ARE MUCH BIGGER AND ROUNDER THAN SQUAMOUS

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TWO FUNCTIONS OF SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

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SECRETION AND ABSORPTION

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THREE AREAS IN THE BODY WHERE SIMPLE CUBOIDAL CELLS ARE FOUND

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THYROID GLAND FOR SECRETION

KIDNEYS FOR ABSORPTION

SURFACE OF OVARIES

***USUALLY FOUND ON GLANDS BECAUSE OF SECRETION***

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LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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--LONG COLUMNS

--FORMS WATER-TIGHT TIGHT JUNCTIONS

--OVAL NUCLEI FOUND NEAR THE BASAL SURFACE

--EITHER CILIATED OR NON CILIATED

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TWO FUNCTIONS OF SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

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SECRETION AND ABSORPTION

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THREE AREAS WHERE SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM ARE FOUND

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GALLBLADDER FOR NONCILIATED COLUMNAR CELLS

WHOLE GI TRACT

FALLOPIAN TUBES

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WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF SIMPLE COLUMNAR OVER THAT OF SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM OR SIMPLE SQUAMOUS?

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THE CELLS ARE SO LONG THAT THEY CAN FIT ENZYMES IN THERE AND MAKE GREAT CELL WALLS THAT ARE WATERTIGHT

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LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA

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--LAYERS MAY NOT LOOK SQUAMOUS AT THE BASAL SURFACE BUT THE APICAL SURFACE MAKES IT OBVIOUS

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FUNCTIONS OF STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA

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PROTECTION

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THREE ARES OF BODY WHERE STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS IS FOUND

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EPIDERMIS COVERING THE SURFACE OF SKIN,

MOUTH

ANUS

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WHAT IS KERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS

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KERATINIZED SKIN HAS THE BEST PROTECTION TO PROTECT FOR THE BODY AND IT IS HARDENED BY PROTEINS.

FOUND IN EPIDERMIS ONLY

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NAME CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSITIONAL CELL

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CHANGES SHAPE FROM FLAT TO CUBOIDAL

--CELLS ARE TEARDROPS

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FUNCTION OF TRANSITIONAL CELLS

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CHANGES SHAPE

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AREA OF THE BODY WHERE TRANSITIONAL TISSUE IS FOUND

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URINARY BLADDER

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CHARACTERISTICS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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THIS IS THE MOST ABUNDANT TYPE OF TISSUE IN THE BODY

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WHAT DOES CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAIN?

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IT IS MADE OF UP OF THE MATRIX AND CELLS

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WHAT IS THE MATRIX MADE OUT OF?

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THE MATRIX IS MADE UP OF GROUND SUBSTANCES AND FIBER

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CHARACTERISTICS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS

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MORE SPACED OUT

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CHARACTERISTICS OF AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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--LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE TYPE

--HAS COLLAGEN, ELASTIC, AND RETICULAR FIBERS

--CONNECTIVE TISSUE HAS MORE MATRIX THAN CELLS

***GLUES ONE ORGAN TO ANOTHER OR SKIN TO SKIN***

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THREE FUNCTIONS OF AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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GLUE, STRENGTH, SUPPORT, ELASTICITY

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THREE AREAS WHERE AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE IS FOUND

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COVERS ORGANS, SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER OF SKIN, AROUND NERVES AND BLOOD VESSELS

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CHARACTERISTICS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE

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--CONSIDERED AS LOOSE TISSUE EVEN THOUGH ADIPOSE IS THE EXCEPTION AND IS ACTUALLY TIGHTLY PACKED

--VASCULAR

--SMALL NUCLEUS

--CELLS LOOK WHITE BECAUSE OF TRIGLYERIDES

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FOUR FUNCTIONS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE

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ENERGY RESERVE, INSULATION, PROTECTION, SUPPORT

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THREE AREAS WHERE ADIPOSE TISSUE IS FOUND

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COVERS ORGANS, SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER OF SKIN

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CHARACTERISTICS OF DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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--FIBERS ARE ALL IN THE SAME DIRECTION

--FIBERS ARE TIGHTLY PACKED TOGETHER

--HAS FIBROBLAST CELLS THAT MAKE FIBERS

--CAN WITHSTAND PULLING IN ONE DIRECTION

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FUNCTION OF DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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STRENGTH BETWEEN STRUCTURES

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THREE AREAS IN BODY WHERE DENSE REGULAR TISSUE IS FOUND

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TENDONS AND LIGAMENTS

TENDONS: MUSCLE TO BONE CONNECTION

LIGAMENT: BONE TO BONE

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COMPACT BONE TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS

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THIS TYPE OF BONE LOOKS LIKE A FOREST OF STUMPS AND GROWTH RINGS

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HYALINE CARTILAGE CHARACTERISTICS

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--LOOKS PURPLE WITH GLASSY ORBS

--CIRCLES ARE WHERE CELLS USED TO LIVE

--THIS TYPE OF CARTILAGE HAS NO BLOOD VESSELS SO SLOWER METABOLISM AND RELIES ON DIFFUSION

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THREE FUNCTIONS OF HYALINE CARTILAGE

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FLEXIBILITY, SUPPORT, REDUCES FRICTION, ABSORBS SHOCK

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THREE AREAS IN BODY WHERE HYALINE CARTILAGE IS FOUND

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BONE ARTICULATION, NOSE, TRACHEA, COSTAL CARTILAGE

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WHAT ARE TWO OTHER TYPES OF CARTILAGE BESIDES HYALINE?

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FIBROCARTILAGE AND ELASTIC CARTILAGE