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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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36. Where do blood cells first appear in fetal life?
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yolk sac
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37. Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cell-mediated immunity?
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- T cells, T lymphocytes
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38. Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for humoral immunity?
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- B cells, B lymphocytes
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39. What is the normal percentage of T cells in healthy adult peripheral blood?
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- Really shouldn’t see any in the blood smear of a healthy individual
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40. What is the normal range for plasma cells in healthy adult peripheral blood?
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- Really shouldn’t see any in the blood smear of a healthy individual
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31. What is the normal range for lymphocytes in young children? Why is it higher than the normal range in older children and adults?
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- 30 – 70% in healthy kids – immune system is developing to environment
- 20 – 40% in healthy adults |
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32. The nucleus of a small lymphocyte is comparable in size to which other blood cell?
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- Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
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33. What are the two characteristics of the nucleus of a mature lymphocyte?
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- Clumped nuclear material (chromatin)
- Dark blue staining nucleus - Round nucleus |
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34. Are small mature lymphocytes capable of responding to antigenic stimuli?
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- Yes. They’re still immunologically competent.
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35. Name four conditions in which one might see reactive lymphocytes.
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- Bad infection
- Autoimmune disease - Allergic reaction to a drug - Infectious mononucleosis - Hairy cell leukemia - Mumps - Hepatitis (Heather) - CMV ( Heather) - Shingles (Heather) |
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1. Where do all blood cells originate?
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- Hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ antigen)
- In the bone marrow: hematopoietic stem cell → progenitor myeloid and monocytic cells → neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes |
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2. In normal blood cell development what occurs to the size of the nucleus?
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decreases
- Decrease in relative size of nucleus - Relative increase in amount of cytoplasm - The size of the cell also decreases as the cell matures |
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3. How would you characterize the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio of immature blood cells?
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- Greater, as in the nucleus is larger and there is less cytoplasm
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4. What is the most reliable criterion of the level of maturation of a blood cell?
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- Nuclear chromatin: less visible as the cell matures
- In the granulocytic line, it has to do with the presence/absence of granules in the cytoplasm |
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5. What is the significance of the nucleoli in the nucleus of a developing blood cell?
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-Sign of cellular immaturity
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6. Know which populations (immature and mature) have granules.
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-Basophils
-Eosinophils -Neutrophils -(Myelocytic Line) -Stem cells do not have granules! -blasts do not have granules! |
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7. Know the names and correct order for the maturation sequence of the myelocytic WBCs. (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil)
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CFU GM
Stem cell Myeloblast (blast becomes a cyte when it developes granules) Promyelocyte (becomes a myelocyte when granules get distinct staining) Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Band Segmented (Neutrophil, Eosinophil, or Basophil) |
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Know the names and correct order for the maturation sequence of the myelocytic WBCs. (Monocyte)
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CFU GM
Monoblast Promonocyte Monocyte |
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8. What two dyes make up the Wright’s stain?
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Blue/azure basic: Methylene Blue
Red/orange acidic: Eosin Red |
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9. When does a myeloblast become a promyelocyte?
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When it develops primary granules
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11. What is the “dawn of neutrophilia”?
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Light area of pinkish secondary granules near the nucleus
The first sign of neutrophil differentiation Identifies the cell as a neutrophilic myelocyte |
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12. What is the normal range for neutrophilic bands in a healthy adult?
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Circulation: 1 to 5% (50 to 500 per μL)
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13. What is meant by a “shift to the left”?
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- An increase in bands, non segmented forms of cells, and/or immature neutrophils
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14. In which conditions might one see hypersegmented neutrophils? Are they pathognomonic in any conditions?
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Decreased B12 (pernicious anemia)
Decreased folate (Hypersegmented = more than 5 lobules) |
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15. Know the definition of a band
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Nucleus indented to more than half the distance from the farthest nuclear margin
Opposite edges of nucleus become parallel giving horseshoe appearance Chromatin between the 2 distinct margins Less mature than a segmented cell. More mature than a metamyelocyte |
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16. When does a myelocyte mature into a metamyelocyte?
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When the nucleus of a myelocyte begins to have an indentation
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17. What is the characteristic feature of neutrophils in Pelger-Huet anomaly?
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hypolobulation of the nucleus of granulocytes
(neutrophils won’t have more than 2 lobules) |
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18. When might toxic granulation be seen in neutrophils?
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(Prominent purplish and blue-black granules)
Severe infection and other toxic states (poisoning, burns) |
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19. Auer rods are found in which blood cells?
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Blasts
seen in pt with AML |
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19. What is the normal range for eosinophils in a healthy adult?
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Blood: 1 to 3 % (50 to 300 per μL)
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20. Know which of the WBCs are phagocytic.
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- Dendritic cells
- Monocytes/Macrophages - Neutrophils |
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21. Name the two main chemicals found in the granules of basophils.
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- Histamine
- Heparin |
